scholarly journals Identifying Factors for Selecting Land over Maritime in Inter-Regional Cross-Border Transport

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1471
Author(s):  
Shinya Hanaoka ◽  
Takuma Matsuda ◽  
Wataru Saito ◽  
Tomoya Kawasaki ◽  
Takashi Hiraide
Keyword(s):  
Tobit Model ◽  
Country Risk ◽  
Access Time ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Regional Transport ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Port Access ◽  
Transport Maritime ◽  
Significant Distance

Several cross-border land corridor projects have been implemented worldwide, because land transport is a vital alternative to international maritime transport in inter-regional transport. Maritime transport generally costs less than land transport, but it is much slower. Nonetheless, land transport can be more appropriate than maritime under certain situations. This study aims to identify factors that can help select between these two modes in long-distance inter-regional cross-border transport; to this end, a Tobit model is employed to estimate the dependent variable, i.e., the land ratio of origin–destination pairs between countries and/or areas. Eight variables are identified as significant: distance, export of manufacturing commodity, landlocked country/area, neighboring country/area, country risk, infrastructure level, port-access time, and maritime transport frequency. We also find that geographical conditions, country relationship, and regulations are barriers for selecting land transport. However, cross-border land corridors contribute to the increase of land ratio.

An Analysis of Patient Presentations at a 2-Day Mass-participation Cycling Event: The Ride to Conquer Cancer Case Series, 2010-2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Lund ◽  
Sheila A. Turris ◽  
Peter Wang ◽  
Justin Mui ◽  
Kerrie Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cancer Case ◽  
Medical Support ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Case Series Report ◽  
Cycling Event ◽  
Mass Participation

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the unique factors involved in providing medical support for a long-distance, cross-border, cycling event, and to describe patient presentations and event characteristics for the British Columbia (BC) Ride to Conquer Cancer from 2010 through 2012.MethodsThis study was a 3-year, descriptive case series report. Medical encounters were documented, prospectively, from 2010-2012 using an online registry. Data for event-related variables also were reported.ResultsProviding medical support for participants during the 2-day ride was complicated by communication challenges, weather conditions, and cross-border issues. The total number of participants for the ride increased from 2,252 in 2010 to 2,879 in 2011, and 3,011 in 2012. Patient presentation rates (PPRs) of 125.66, 155.26, and 198.93 (per 1,000 participants) were documented from 2010 through 2012. Over the course of three years, and not included in the PPR, an additional 3,840 encounters for “self-treatment” were documented.ConclusionsThe Ride to Conquer Cancer Series has shown that medical coverage at multi-day, cross-national cycling events must be planned carefully to face a unique set of circumstances, including legislative issues, long-distance communication capabilities, and highly mobile participants. This combination of factors leads to potentially higher PPRs than have been reported for noncycling events. This study also illuminates the additional workload “self-treatment” visits place on the medical team.LundA, TurrisSA, WangP, MuiJ, LewisK, GutmanSJ. An analysis of patient presentations at a 2-day mass-participation cycling event: The Ride to Conquer Cancer Case Series, 2010-2012. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(4):1-8.

scholarly journals Links between Attitudes, Mode Choice, and Travel Satisfaction: A Cross-Border Long-Commute Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9203
Author(s):  
Philippe Gerber ◽  
Marius Thériault ◽  
Christophe Enaux ◽  
Samuel Carpentier-Postel
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Omitted Variables ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Latent Constructs ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Demographic Attributes ◽  
The Impact

This paper focuses on a particular form of high mobility, namely the long journeys to work generated by cross-border job market. More precisely, it studies the impact of such behaviors on well-being by analyzing the relationships between mode choice, transport-related attitudes, socio-demographic and spatial attributes, and the level of satisfaction in the context of cross-border long commutes to Luxembourg. The statistical modelling is rooted to a conceptual framework that emphasizes the mutual dependencies between attitudes, mode choice, and satisfaction. Based on a survey among long-distance commuters (N = 3093) held in 2010 and 2011, two ordered logistic regressions, one of which including latent constructs of transport-related attitudes derived from a structural equation modelling, are developed to explain satisfaction in commuting. Main findings are: (1) Travel-related attitudes influence satisfaction with travel more than socio-demographic attributes; (2) public transport users are globally more satisfied in commuting than car drivers; (3) the socio-economic model of satisfaction is plagued by omitted variables issues; (4) the attitude model of satisfaction drops all but one socio-economic attributes (education remains) while improving adjustment (Pseudo-R-squared = 0.57 versus 0.09; BIC = 2953 versus 6059) and avoiding omitted variables bias. The effect of attitudes and other latent constructs is of paramount importance, even concealing most socio-demographic attributes to assess satisfaction. The conclusion is devoted to a discussion on the sustainability of these cross-border long commutes from the individual, social, and environmental points of view.

Milagrol Ltda.

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Marc L. Lipson
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Country Risk ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Privately Held

A privately held U.S. plumbing parts manufacturer is negotiating the purchase of a Brazilian plumbing manufacturer specializing in water conservation. The case provides sufficient information to value this cross-border acquisition and includes a brief summary of valuation techniques in this context. A particularly rich discussion arises from two points: A forecast of exchange rates from a forecasting company differs from forecasts based on inflation, and two methods are suggested for dealing with country risk (sovereign spread and scenario analysis). A teaching note and instructor and student spreadsheets are available to accompany this case.

scholarly journals DEMILITARIZED ZONE AND PORT KNOCKING METHODS FOR COMPUTER NETWORK SECURITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Andik Saputro ◽  
Nanang Saputro ◽  
Hendro Wijayanto
Keyword(s):  
Network Security ◽  
Computer Network ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Access Port ◽  
The Public ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Demilitarized Zone ◽  
Port Access

Currently, the way of network communication has changed a lot. All aspects become very dependent on online services. Employees can work from home, and students of all ages take online classes. The more the public depends on staying connected to the network, the greater potential network attacks to occur. In a computer network, if it is not protected, it will data or file loss, damage to the server system, not being optimal in serving users or even losing valuable institutional assets. The attacks most often used in networks are Port Scanning and DDoS (Distributed Denial Of Service). In this study, the DeMilitarized Zone and Port Knocking methods are combined to secure computer networks. DeMilitarized Zone technique implementation is used to access local servers, so that they can be accessed from outside with Port Knocking technique. To open the access port that is filtered in the router configuration on the server network security system. DeMilitarized Zone and Port Knocking can be implemented on local and long distance networks where if an attacker wants to exploit or attack the main server, the first to be attacked is the firewall server (router). Port Knocking can also be implemented on local and long distance networks with a combined ping request time limit which makes it safer, so that if an attacker wants to access the router, and doesn't know the rules from the remote, what happens is a rejection of port access.

scholarly journals Diverse forms of HIV-1 among Burmese long-distance truck drivers imply their contribution to HIV-1 cross-border transmission

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Heng Zhou ◽  
Yue-Bo Liang ◽  
Wei Pang ◽  
Wei-Hong Qin ◽  
Zhi-Hong Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Truck Drivers ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Assesment of the Interest Rates in the Serbian Banking Sector

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Lidija Barjaktarović ◽  
Maja Dimić ◽  
Dejan Ječmenica
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Risk Premium ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Country Risk ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
National Bank ◽  
Country Risk Premium

Abstract Lending interest rates (IR) in the Serbian market are generally viewed as high. In accordance with the official NBS (National bank of Serbia) data for 2010: lending (IR) was 10.4% p.a., deposit IR was 4.2% p.a., and spread was 6.3% p.a. At the same time, IR on cross-border loans was 3.7% p.a. It means that the use of cross-border loans was a better solution for companies which were in position to take them. The indicator of IR spread in Serbia got worse and came down to 106th position (it used to be ranked 90th in 2009; WEF). If we analyse the structure of IR spread, we can notice that there is room for decreasing the level of active IR in the area of country risk premium and funding spread. Pearson Correlation shows that IR has strong relation with return on assets and volume of collected deposits i.e. profit margin per product.

scholarly journals Logistics of maritime transport

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Oksana KRAVCHENKO ◽  
Kateryna LYKHASHCHENKO ◽  
Oleksandr BIELOBROV
Keyword(s):  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Transport Service ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Maritime Logistics ◽  
Sea Transport ◽  
Sea Transportation ◽  
Successful Business ◽  
Heavy Loads ◽  
Type Of Delivery ◽  
Transport Logistics

The paper is devoted to the analysis of maritime transport logistics. The authors analyze the issues of optimizing the work of organizations of all activities. The purpose of the work is to systematize and develop the theoretical and practical basis of maritime transport logistics. The purpose of sea transportation, types of cargo, directions of transportation, subjects of sea transportation, structure of the fleet are analyzed. The main types of sea transport vessels and main ports are provided. Features of sea logistics and names of the most known companies of sea logistics are presented. The introduction highlighted the work of domestic and foreign scientists on logistics. The study used methods of comparative analysis, synthesis, generalization, induction and deduction. As a result, maritime transport currently provides 4/5 of the world's cargo. Maritime logistics, ie the organization and provision of sea freight, is a special intermediary transport service that facilitates the process of delivery of goods from producer to consumer, regardless of the distance between them. Maritime logistics, ie the organization and provision of sea freight, is a special intermediary transport service that facilitates the process of delivery of goods from producer to consumer, regardless of the distance between them. The prerogative of maritime logistics is the transportation of goods by sea. This method of transportation is most suitable for the delivery of large over heavy loads over long distances. The organization of competent logistics of sea transportations is an important component of successful business. Transportation of products using ships has a number of advantages, due to which this type of delivery is one of the main, especially in the case of long-distance transportation.

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