scholarly journals Predicted Medium Vote Thermal Comfort Analysis Applying Energy Simulations with Phase Change Materials for Very Hot-Humid Climates in Social Housing in Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1257
Author(s):  
Luis Godoy-Vaca ◽  
E. Catalina Vallejo-Coral ◽  
Javier Martínez-Gómez ◽  
Marco Orozco ◽  
Geovanna Villacreses
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Climate Influences ◽  
Energy Simulations

This work aims to estimate the expected hours of Predicted Medium Vote (PMV) thermal comfort in Ecuadorian social housing houses applying energy simulations with Phase Change Materials (PCMs) for very hot-humid climates. First, a novel methodology for characterizing three different types of social housing is presented based on a space-time analysis of the electricity consumption in a residential complex. Next, the increase in energy demand under climate influences is analyzed. Moreover, with the goal of enlarging the time of thermal comfort inside the houses, the most suitable PCM for them is determined. This paper includes both simulations and comparisons of thermal behavior by means of the PMV methodology of four types of PCMs selected. From the performed energy simulations, the results show that changing the deck and using RT25-RT30 in walls, it is possible to increase the duration of thermal comfort in at least one of the three analyzed houses. The applied PCM showed 46% of comfortable hours and a reduction of 937 h in which the thermal sensation varies from “very hot” to “hot”. Additionally, the usage time of air conditioning decreases, assuring the thermal comfort for the inhabitants during a higher number of hours per day.

Phase Change Materials Technologies Review and Future Application in Lebanon: Part II

2021 ◽  
Vol 886 ◽  
pp. 256-270
Author(s):  
Salam Eid ◽  
Marwan Brouche ◽  
Chawki Lahoud ◽  
Christy Lahoud
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Integration Methods ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
National Power

In Lebanon, the demand for energy is constantly increasing. A tremendous increase of 83% in energy demand was recorded between 2009 and 2019. The national electricity company (EDL) is unable to supply electricity needs. These needs are covered by expansive and polluting backup generators. Furthermore, according to the World Bank (2016), the national power sector share was 57.8% of total CO2 emissions in 2015, and 25.2% among them came from private diesel generators. The building sector and related activities is responsible of a large part of energy consumption. Thus, phase change materials with different ways of building integration are used as a solution. In this paper, a representation of different types and building integration methods of PCM is conducted. This paper review will present the previous studies concerning different types and integration methods of PCM, furthermore, environmental, energetic, and economic viability study will be highlighted simultaneously tackling future challenges in regards to PCM integration into buildings under Lebanese climate conditions.

scholarly journals Phase Change Materials for Reducing Cooling Energy Demand and Improving Indoor Comfort: A Step-by-Step Retrofit of a Mediterranean Educational Building

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ascione ◽  
Nicola Bianco ◽  
Rosa Francesca De Masi ◽  
Margherita Mastellone ◽  
Giuseppe Peter Vanoli
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Cool Roof ◽  
Indoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Indoor Comfort

The present work concerns the energy retrofit of a public educational building at the University of Molise, located in Termoli, South Italy. The study provides a comparison of the results obtained by different dynamic simulations of passive strategies to improve thermal comfort and energy behavior of the building during the summer regime. Firstly, the building model was calibrated against historical consumption data. Then, a subsequent step involves the technical-economic analysis, by means of building performance simulations, of energy upgrading scenarios, specifically, cool roof and green roof technologies for the horizontal opaque envelope and thermal insulation, vented façade, and phase change materials’ applications for the vertical opaque envelope. Improving the indoor thermal comfort and reducing the thermal energy demand during summertime through innovative solutions will be the primary objective of the present study. The energy efficiency measures are compared from the energy, emissions, costs, and indoor comfort points of view. Phase Change Materials applied to the inner side of the external walls are analyzed in depth and, by varying their melting temperature, optimization of design is performed too. This innovative material, with a melting temperature of 23 °C and a freezing temperature of 21 °C, determines the reduction of summer energy consumption of 11.7% and the increase of summer indoor comfort of 215 h. Even if consolidated, other solutions, like the cool roof, green roof, thermal insulation, and vented façade induce improvements in terms of summer energy saving, and the percentage difference compared to the basic building is less than 2%. For this case study, a Mediterranean building, with construction characteristics typical of the 1990s, traditional passive technologies are not very efficient in improving the energy performance, so the investigation focused on the adoption of innovative solutions such as PCMs, for reducing summer energy demand and improving indoor thermal comfort.

scholarly journals Smart assessment of thermal comfort concept inside a building

2020 ◽  
Vol 330 ◽  
pp. 01043
Author(s):  
Chihebedine Beji ◽  
Sami Bouzaiane ◽  
Nahla Bouaziz
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Heat Pump Unit ◽  
Change Material

The growing energy consumption of the building sector is becoming a current issue affecting both environmental and economical fields. The present paper investigates thermal comfort conditions inside the manuscript room of the National library of Tunisia by using an IoT based smart measuring system. The tracked parameters are temperature and relative humidity. These parameters are considered as the fundamental factors influencing thermal comfort inside a building. The results of this survey performed during the month of January 2019 lead us to propose an energy optimization measure, in order to update heating system electricity consumption. The proposed approach consists of the use of phase change materials (PCM) window shutters. PCM window shutters can act as thermal regulators thanks to their melting solidification process. The results of the proposed solution showed that adopting PCM window shutters for the examined test room can save up to 10% for the first phase change material and 15% for the second phase change material of the total energy used by the heat pump unit to maintain the inside air temperature at 21°C.

Review on Phase Change Materials for Building Applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 1958-1962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Qi Cui ◽  
Saffa Riffat
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Unique Property ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Change Material ◽  
Selection Of

Buildings are large consumers of energy in all countries. According to the statistic, more than 40% of final energy is used in buildings. A reduction of the energy consumed in buildings is, for that reason, one of the priorities of the world. To achieve this goal it is necessary to reduce the heat loss by the selection of the building thermal insulation materials. Phase change materials could absorb or release a large amount of heat before melting or solidifying. And this unique property could help PCM in building applications to maintain the thermal comfort without using mechanical heating and air-conditioning. The paper is focus on a review of different types of phase change material for building applications. And it provides more information in this aspect.

scholarly journals The Environmental Potential of Phase Change Materials in Building Applications. A Multiple Case Investigation Based on Life Cycle Assessment and Building Simulation

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Di Bari ◽  
Rafael Horn ◽  
Björn Nienborg ◽  
Felix Klinker ◽  
Esther Kieseritzky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Ecological Benefits ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Energy Simulations

New materials and technologies have become the main drivers for reducing energy demand in the building sector in recent years. Energy efficiency can be reached by utilization of materials with thermal storage potential; among them, phase change materials (PCMs) seem to be promising. If they are used in combination with solar collectors in heating applications or with water chillers or in chilled ceilings in cooling applications, PCMs can provide ecological benefits through energy savings during the building’s operational phase. However, their environmental value should be analyzed by taking into account their whole lifecycle. The purpose of this paper is the assessment of PCMs at the material level as well as at higher levels, namely the component and building levels. Life cycle assessment analyses are based on information from PCM manufacturers and building energy simulations. With the newly developed software “Storage LCA Tool” (Version 1.0, University of Stuttgart, IABP, Stuttgart, Germany), PCM storage systems can be compared with traditional systems that do not entail energy storage. Their benefits can be evaluated in order to support decision-making on energy concepts for buildings. The collection of several case studies shows that PCM energy concepts are not always advantageous. However, with conclusive concepts, suitable storage dimensioning and ecologically favorable PCMs, systems can be realized that have a lower environmental impact over the entire life cycle compared to traditional systems.

scholarly journals Thermal Dynamic Behavior in Bi-Zone Habitable Cell with and without Phase Change Materials

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Hanae El Fakiri ◽  
Lahoucine Ouhsaine ◽  
Abdelmajid El Bouardi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Simplified Modeling

The thermal dynamic behavior of buildings represents an important aspect of the energy efficiency and thermal comfort of the indoor environment. For this, phase change material (PCM) wallboards integrated into building envelopes play an important role in stabilizing the temperature of the human comfort condition. This article provides an assessment of the thermal behavior of a “bi-zone” building cell, which was built based on high-energy performance (HEP) standards and heated by a solar water heater system through a hydronic circuit. The current study is based on studying the dynamic thermal behavior, with and without implantation of PCMs on envelope structure, using a simplified modeling approach. The evolution of the average air temperature was first evaluated as a major indicator of thermal comfort. Then, an evaluation of the thermal behavior’s dynamic profile was carried out in this study, which allowed for the determination of the PCM rate anticipation in the thermal comfort of the building cell.

scholarly journals Scheduling Optimization of a Cabinet Refrigerator Incorporating a Phase Change Material to Reduce Its Indirect Environmental Impact

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2154
Author(s):  
Angelo Maiorino ◽  
Adrián Mota-Babiloni ◽  
Manuel Gesù Del Duca ◽  
Ciro Aprea
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Demand Curve ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Intensity Variation ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction

Phase Change Materials (PCMs) incorporated in refrigerators can be used to shift their energy consumption from peak periods, when the electric network energy demand is the highest, to off-peak periods. While PCMs can flatten the energy demand curve, they can achieve economic savings if Time-of-Use (TOU) electricity tariffs are applied. However, the hourly carbon emission factor is not commonly linked to the hourly tariff, and the final CO2 emitted due to the operations of the refrigerator would not be fully optimized. In this work, a method based on the Simulated Annealing optimization technique was proposed to identify the optimal working schedule of a cabinet refrigerator incorporating a PCM to reduce its indirect carbon emissions. Data from countries with different representative carbon intensity profiles were used. The normalized standard deviation and normalized range are the best statistical indexes to predict carbon emission reduction in the proposed solution. These parameters proved that countries with a higher hourly carbon intensity variation (Uruguay, France, Denmark, and Germany) benefit from the application of the algorithm. Cost and carbon emission reduction cannot be maximized simultaneously, and a trade-off is required.

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