scholarly journals Sustainable Alternate Materials for Concrete Production from Renewable Source and Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1204
Author(s):  
R. Ramasubramani ◽  
K. Gunasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Microstructural Characteristics ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Manufactured Sand ◽  
Concrete Production

Natural resources are being continuously extracted for the production of concrete which leads to degradation of the ecosystem. This is also a challenge for sustainability to save Nature. This study seeks to identify a suitable replacement material for river sand and stone aggregate for the sustainable utilization of renewable sources. Manufactured sand (M-sand) from industrial by-products and coconut shell (CS), an agricultural waste, are the resources selected as replacement materials for sustainability. This study uses M-sand as fine aggregate and CS coarse aggregate in place of river sand (R-sand) and crushed stone aggregate (CSA) for concrete production, respectively. To prove that M-sand and CS are sustainable alternate materials, this study focused on the microstructural characteristics on concrete constituents and CS aggregate and also conducted on concrete produced using R-sand, M-sand and CS. Also, this study focused on the microstructural characteristics and properties of conventional concrete (CC) and coconut shell concrete (CSC) produced using both R-sand and M-sand. Since this study aims to find sustainable alternative materials for R-sand and CSA by M-sand and CS, its properties are studied and compared since microstructural characterization is very significant for concrete compatibility. Microstructural studies revealed that the use of M-sand does not affect the microstructural properties of concrete compared to R-sand concrete and rather it improves the strength of concrete. A similar same trend was observed when CS was used with M-sand compared to CS used with R-sand. Hence, this study strongly suggests that the use of M-sand in its place of R-sand and CS in its place of CSA are sustainable alternatives for the production of concrete so that natural resources can be saved and hence sustainability could be sustained.

scholarly journals Comparison of Conventional Concrete and Replacement of River Sand by Waste Foundry Sand and Cement by Nano-Silica

2020 ◽  
pp. 201-205
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Foundry Sand ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Waste Foundry Sand

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the properties of concrete in which like cement is partially replacing by used nano silica and is partially replacing by used waste foundry sand. Because now a day the world wide consumption of sand as cement and as fine aggregate in concrete production is very high. Nano silica and waste foundry sand are major by product of casting industry and create land pollution. The cement will be replaced with nano silica and the river sand will be replaced with waste foundry sand (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%). This experimental investigation was done and found out that with the increase in the nano silica and waste foundry sand ratio. Compression test has been done to find out the compressive strength of concrete at the age of 7, 14, 21, and 28. Test result indicates in increasing compressive strength of plain concrete by inclusion of nano silica as a partial replacement of cement and waste foundry sand as a partial replacement of fine aggregate.

scholarly journals Suitability of Scoria as Fine Aggregate and Its Effect on the Properties of Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warati ◽  
Darwish ◽  
Feyessa ◽  
Ghebrab
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Test Results ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Efficient Energy ◽  
Concrete Production

The increase in the demand for concrete production for the development of infrastructures in developing countries like Ethiopia leads to the depletion of virgin aggregates and high cement demand, which imposes negative environmental impacts. In sustainable development, there is a need for construction materials to focus on the economy, efficient energy utilization, and environmental protections. One of the strategies in green concrete production is the use of locally available construction materials. Scoria is widely available around the central towns of Ethiopia, especially around the rift valley regions where huge construction activities are taking place. The aim of this paper is therefore to analyze the suitability of scoria as a fine aggregate for concrete production and its effect on the properties of concrete. A differing ratio of scoria was considered as a partial replacement of fine aggregate with river sand after analyzing its engineering properties, and its effect on the mechanical properties of concrete were examined. The test results on the engineering properties of scoria revealed that the material is suitable to be used as a fine aggregate in concrete production. The replacement of scoria with river sand also enhanced the mechanical strength of the concrete. Generally, the findings of the experimental study showed that scoria could replace river sand by up to 50% for conventional concrete production.

scholarly journals Strength and Permeation Property of Concrete Made With Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Granite Waste as Fine Aggregate Replacement

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1982-1988
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Particle Packing ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Waste Concrete ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse Ash

Use of agro and industrial wastes in concrete production will cause sustainable concrete era and greener habitat. In this study an endeavor has been made to discover the propriety of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) and Granite Waste (GW) as partial replacement for traditional river sand. The percentage substitute is calculated based on the particle packing approach. The properties such as compressive, splitting tensile, flexural strengths and modulus of elasticity, water absorption, sorptivity and rapid chloride penetration test of the concrete with bagasse ash and granite waste as a partial replacement for river sand and to evaluate them with those of conventional concrete made with river sand fine aggregate are investigated. The test results show that the strength aspects of bagasse ash-granite waste concrete are higher than those of the conventional concrete. Moreover, they suggest that the bagasse ash-granite waste concrete has higher strength characteristics and remains in the lower permeability level shows improvement in overall durability of concrete than the conventional concrete.

scholarly journals Shrinkage Study and Strength Aspects of Concrete with Foundry Sand and Coconut Shell as a Partial Replacement for Coarse and Fine Aggregate

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7420
Author(s):  
Kalyana Chakravarthy Polichetty Raja ◽  
Ilango Thaniarasu ◽  
Mohamed Abdelghany Elkotb ◽  
Khalid Ansari ◽  
C Ahamed Saleel
Keyword(s):  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Foundry Sand ◽  
Current Observation ◽  
Waste Foundry Sand ◽  
Natural Aggregates

The demand for natural aggregates (river sand) is increasing day by day, leading to the destruction of the environment, a burden that will be passed on to young people. Further, wastes from various industries are being dumped in landfills, which poses serious environmental problems. In order to ensure sustainability, both the issues mentioned above can be solved by utilizing industrial waste as aggregate replacement in the concrete construction industry. This research is done to find out the results using two substances viz., waste foundry sand (WFS) and coconut shell (CS) substitute for river sand and coarse aggregate. Many researchers have found the maximum benefits of substituted substances used in cement, which has material consistency. This current observation explores these strong waste properties of waste-infused concrete and cement, which experience shrinkage from drying out. The replacement levels for waste foundry sand were varied, between 10%, 20%, and 30%, and for CS, it was 10% and 20%. The experimental outcomes are evident for the strength, which increases by using WFS, whereas the strength decreases by increasing the CS level. The concrete that experiences shrinkage from drying out is included in the waste material, showing a higher magnitude of drying shrinkage than conventional concrete.

scholarly journals Investigation on Mechanical properties of Partial replacement of Saw-Dust to Fine-Aggregate in Coconut-Shell Concrete

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.12) ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
Anandh S ◽  
Gunasekaran K
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Saw Dust ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Concrete Production

Concrete is the major composite material used in construction industry, it is strong in Compression and weak in tension and also has high self-weight. The light weight concrete was a alternative to conventional concrete due its low weight it decreases the self weight. Comparatively by using the light weight materials that occur either naturally or industrial waste, these material helps in reducing the cost and to improve the performance. Presently in India, more than 960 million tones of solid waste were being generated annually as by-products during industrial, agricultural mining and other processes. This paper deals with coconut shell concrete, which is one of the solid waste in the environment, and the use of this coconut shell as a replacement to coarse aggregate will reduce the weight of concrete by 25%. The other waste that was disposed mostly was sawdust. It was a byproduct of cutting or drilling of wood with saw or other tool. It is composed of fine particles of wood. It is having many advantages over traditional concrete like low bulk density, better heat preservation and heat insulation property. As said earlier to make concrete strong in tension coconut fiber is added, which is a waste material that left to disposal and as it is strong and stiff will hold the concrete material and also controls the crack. This study investigates on the use of sawdust as partial replacement for fine aggregates in concrete production. Sawdust was used to replace fine aggregates in Conventional and as well as in Coconut Shell concrete from 0%, 5%, 10% and 20%. M25 grade of concrete was selected and testing is evaluated at age of 3, 7 and 28 days. From the results, increase in percentage of saw-dust in concrete cubes led to corresponding reduction in compressive strength values, and the optimum saw-dust content was obtained at 5% in conventional as well as in coconut shell concrete , coconut fiber was added at the optimum value of sawdust on conventional and coconut shell concrete at 1%,2%,3%,4% and 5%. The better strength was obtained at 2% addition of fiber in coconut shell concrete and at 3% addition in conventional concrete. 

scholarly journals A Study on the Flexural Behaviour of Geopolymer Lightweight Eco-Friendly Concrete Using Coconut Shell as Coarse Aggregate

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
S. Nithya ◽  
K. Gunasekaran ◽  
G. Sankar
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Flexural Behaviour ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Manufactured Sand ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Structural Grade ◽  
Ductility Ratio

This paper presents the flexural behaviour of concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as a binder, manufactured sand (M-sand) as a fine aggregate, and coconut shell (CS) and crushed stone aggregate (CSA) as coarse aggregates. Alkaline activator sodium hydroxide with 10 molarity and sodium silicate were used in a weighing proportion of 1 : 2.5 to produce structural grade concrete. Out of 12 beams cast, 6 were used to study geopolymer coconut shell concrete (GPCSC) beam behaviour and 6 were used to study geopolymer conventional concrete (GPCC) beam behaviour. Data presented include cracking behaviour, ultimate moment capacitates, deflection behaviour, ductility ratio, and end rotation of the beam. Laboratory investigations show encouraging results, and it can be summarized that coconut shell has good potential as a coarse aggregate for the production of structural grade geopolymer lightweight coconut shell concrete.

Performance of spent garnet sand and used foundry sand as fine aggregate in concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naga Rajesh Kanta ◽  
Markandeya Raju Ponnada
Keyword(s):  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Foundry Sand ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Concrete Production

Purpose In the construction sector, river sand has turned into a costly material due to various reasons. In the current study, used foundry sand (UFS) and spent garnet sand (SGS) are used as a partial and full replacement to sand in concrete production. Design/methodology/approach The objective of the work is to develop non-conventional concrete by replacing river sand with a combination of UFS (constant 20Wt.% replacement) and SGS at various percentages (20, 40, 60 and 80 Wt.%). Findings Compared to conventional concrete, the 28 days compressive strength of non-conventional concrete (with UFS at 20% and spent garnet sand at 20%, 40% and 60% were 8.12%, 6.77% and 0.83% higher, respectively. The 28 days split tensile strength of non-conventional concrete (UFS at 20% and SGS at 20 and 40%) were 32.2% and 51.6% higher, respectively. Research limitations/implications It can be concluded that 60 Wt.% of river sand can be combined replaced with 20 Wt.% UFS and 40 Wt.% SGS to produce good quality concrete whose properties are on par with conventional concrete. Practical implications The results showed that combined SGS and UFS can be used as a partial replacement of river sand in the manufacturing of concrete that is used in all the applications of construction sector such as buildings, bridges, dams, etc. and non-structural applications such as drainpipes, kerbs, etc. Social implications Disposal of industrial by-product wastes such as SGS and UFS affects the environment. A sincere attempt is made to use the same as partial replacement of river sand. Originality/value Based on the literature study, no work is carried out in replacing the river sand combined with SGS and UFS in concrete.

Flexural Resistance of Steel-Coconut Shell Concrete-Steel Composite Beam with Normal and J-Hook Shear Studs

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Thangasamy ◽  
◽  
Gunasekaran Kandasamy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Core Material ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Concrete Core ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Moment Capacity ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Core Concrete

Many researches on double skin sandwich having top and bottom steel plates and in between concrete core called as steel-concrete-steel (SCS) were carried out by them on this SCS type using with different materials. Yet, use of coconut shell concrete (CSC) as a core material on this SCS form construction and their results are very limited. Study investigated to use j-hook shear studs under flexure in the concept of steel-concrete-steel (SCS) in which the core concrete was CSC. To compare the results of CSC, the conventional concrete (CC) was also considered. To study the effect of quarry dust (QD) in its place of river sand (RS) was also taken. Hence four different mixes two without QD and two with QD both in CC and CSC was considered. The problem statement is to examine about partial and fully composite, moment capacity, deflection and ductility properties of CSC used SCS form of construction. Core concrete strength and the j-hook shear studs used are influences the moment carrying capacity of the SCS beams. Use of QD in its place of RS enhances the strength of concrete produced. Deflections predicted theoretically were compared with experimental results. The SCS beams showed good ductility behavior.

scholarly journals Performance of Concrete with Waste Plastics and M-Sand as Replacement for Fine Aggregate

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1667-1669
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Territorial Government

In recent days, there is an intense need for an alternate cost effective and sustainable raw material for concrete which does not make the structure inferior in strength. An experimental study on the utilization of the waste plastic and M-sand in the place of river sand and aggregate partially was performed in paper. In the scenario of scarcity of river sand due to the territorial government action and restriction of usage because of the eco and environmental consideration, M-Sand is found to be an effective replacement and cost effective material. Concrete specimens were casted with combination of M-sand and plastic waste with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% and compared against control mix. Cube test for compressive strength study, cylinder test for split tensile strength study and prism test for flexural strength study were done with the proposed concert mixture. All the specimens and tests were done for different curing period of 7, 14 and 28 days. The results obtained from the proposed mix of concrete are compared with the conventional concrete mix specimen respectively. The replacement of fine aggregates reduces the quantity of river sand to be used in concrete and also plastic fibres are proved to be more economical. Positive performance of the concrete with waste plastic and M-Sand as partial replacement of river sand was observed on all the experiments and found optimal in sustainable and economical performance.

scholarly journals Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles Waste as Fine Aggregate in Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Natural Aggregates

Concrete construction industry is one of the major sector utilizing natural resources to produce concrete for building constructions. The rapid increase in building constructions and the demand for natural aggregates has resulted in depletion natural resources at an alarming rate. Uncontrolled mining activity worsens the situation. Thus serious awareness has been taken into consideration, has to be identified as a potential river sand substitution for fine aggregates replacement in concrete. For this review, utilizing recycled material are described as a fine aggregate replacement to river sand, particularly recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles. Recycled PET Bottles are categorized as nonbiodegradable waste materials which are injurious to health. Recycled PET bottles in concrete are economical and help in reducing disposal problems. Recycled PET bottles are pondered as the best eco-friendly alternative not only for resolving the problem of disposal but as a new construction material for concrete

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