scholarly journals Signaling Value through Gender Diversity: Evidence from Initial Coin Offerings

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 700
Author(s):  
Alexander Guzmán ◽  
Cristian Pinto-Gutiérrez ◽  
María-Andrea Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Positive Signal ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Initial Coin Offerings

We analyze women’s participation and the effects of team gender diversity on initial coin offering (ICO) success measured by the total funding amount raised in the actual ICO and the project’s long-term survival. Using a database featuring 875 initial coin offerings between 2017 and 2019, we find that women are significantly under-represented in ICO projects (on average, only 13% of team members are women). However, for projects that do have participation of women, we find that team gender diversity increases the total funding raised in the ICO. Moreover, when we separate team members into areas of expertise or roles in the project, we find that the presence of women in critical positions, such as being a founder or having financial or legal responsibilities, significantly reduces the likelihood of long-term coin failure. Our results are consistent with the notion that investors perceive women’s participation in leadership positions as a positive signal of desirable organizational practices that will translate into better performance. Our results are also consistent with the idea that having women, who abide by ethical values and are less prone to fraud, reduces the likelihood that informationally opaque ICOs turn out to be scams.

Gender and Urban Local Government in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 933-948
Author(s):  
Fardaus Ara
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Gender Parity ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban Local Government ◽  
Women In Decision Making

Empowerment of women is a universal slogan. Worldwide, several strategies are carried on by international organizations to ensure active participation of women in decision-making. Active participation at all level of politics is necessary in this regard. Likewise, the government of Bangladesh has adopted various programs and policies to ensure gender equality in all sectors of life. Relevant laws and ordinances are revised, and new provisions are incorporated in the laws where necessary. One-third seats are kept reserved for women to be elected at the urban local government. However, gender disparity is evident at this level. Women are mostly seen as reserved seat councilors. They are almost absent in the leadership positions. In Bangladesh, women's participation in local government politics is hampered due to multi-faceted factors ranging from socio-cultural to political. The male-dominating political parties can play a major role to bring gender parity in politics by nominating and supporting more women in the local government election.

scholarly journals Gender (In)equality: A Longitudinal Analysis of Women's Participation in Coaching and Referee Positions in the Brazilian Women’s Basketball League (2010-2017)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-261
Author(s):  
Julia Gravena Passero ◽  
Júlia Barreira ◽  
Anderson Calderani Junior ◽  
Larissa Rafaela Galatti
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Head Coaches ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Female Participation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Assistant Coaches ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Women's Basketball

The aim of this study was to analyze the participation of women in coaching and referee positions in the Brazilian Women’s Basketball League, from the first edition of the championship (2010) to the present moment (2017). For this proposal, we analyzed the gender of the coaching staff and referee crews from all the matches played in this period. All data were collected from the official match reports, accessed at the League headquarters. The results showed that women represent 24% of the head coaches, and this proportion has remained stable over the past years. However, it was found that women’s participation as assistant coaches dropped from 88% (2010) to 34% (2017). Although, the participation actually increased for women in the positions of referee, umpire 1 and umpire 2, over the past seven years, these positions are still mostly occupied by men. A higher participation of women could be found in scorer and timekeeper positions, which also remained stable over the years. Although women's participation in sports, and specifically in elite Brazilian basketball, has been increasing in the last decades, the findings of this study showed that occupations for women, within basketball are still restricted to positions of less visibility. Men still mostly occupy the positions of leadership, as head coaches and referees. The results suggest the need for debate and proposals of policies, to promote female participation in different leadership positions in basketball. The aim of this study was to analyze the participation of women in coaching and referee positions in the Brazilian Women’s Basketball League, from the first edition of the championship (2010) to the present moment (2017). For this proposal, we analyzed the gender of the coaching staff and referee crews from all the matches played in this period. All data were collected from the official match reports, accessed at the League headquarters. The results showed that women represent 24% of the head coaches, and this proportion has remained stable over the past years. However, it was found that women’s participation as assistant coaches dropped from 88% (2010) to 34% (2017). Although, the participation actually increased for women in the positions of referee, umpire 1 and umpire 2, over the past seven years, these positions are still mostly occupied by men. A higher participation of women could be found in scorer and timekeeper positions, which also remained stable over the years. Although women's participation in sports, and specifically in elite Brazilian basketball, has been increasing in the last decades, the findings of this study showed that occupations for women, within basketball are still restricted to positions of less visibility. Men still mostly occupy the positions of leadership, as head coaches and referees. The results suggest the need for debate and proposals of policies, to promote female participation in different leadership positions in basketball.

scholarly journals Single Women Involved in Entrepreneurship Negatively Affected by Gender and Marital Status as Entrepreneurs

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-207
Author(s):  
Brown Chomba
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Single Women ◽  
The Political ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The People ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Full Participation

Issues to do with gender imbalances and inequality of women in general and single women in particular in the political arena and entrepreneurship are nowadays a burning issue in all the countries worldwide. This is a major aspect of modern democratic governance such that low levels of female participation in politics are a major concern worldwide. The steps were taken by the United Nations Convention on stopping all forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and other international organizations have laid the concrete basis for the emergence of women’s participation in politics and entrepreneurship. In Lusaka, Zambia, women’s political participation is not proportional to the 50% of the country’s population which women represent, thereby not translating into equal representation in political leadership positions. The study employed questionnaires to collect data. The findings demonstrate that there exists a significant gender gap in the political participation of women in all the wards in the Lusaka district and that factors affecting their effective participation were social, economic, political, cultural, and religious-based. The study, therefore, recommended the change of perception of the people, equal representation in governance, support from everyone, and also stopping of discriminatory practices to ensure the equal and full participation of women.

Defence spending and women in research: A cross-country comparison

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 679-688
Author(s):  
Tyler Saxon ◽  
Stephan Weiler
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Feminine Gender ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Defence Spending ◽  
Research Careers ◽  
Gender Asymmetry ◽  
National Defence

AbstractThis article explores whether greater levels of national defence spending effectively push women away from research careers in science and engineering due to the biases that defence spending can foster in research and development (R&D) institutions. Defence R&D spending shapes the orientation of R&D both through the direct subsidisation of R&D, as well as through procurement, which creates demand for military technologies. These biases created by defence spending potentially alter and shape career tracks in ways that may be more antithetical to feminine gender norms and job values than those of men, thus reducing women’s participation in research careers and reducing gender diversity among developers of new technology. We evaluate this gender asymmetry empirically through a panel dataset of thirty-three nations. Our findings indicate that greater levels of defence spending are indeed associated with lower participation of women in research careers, particularly in government and higher education.

Women's participation in the Rwandan genocide: mothers or monsters?

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 (877) ◽  
pp. 69-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Gender Relations ◽  
Women In Leadership ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Rwandan Genocide ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Law

AbstractThe participation of women in the 1994 Rwandan genocide should be considered in the context of gender relations in pre-genocide Rwandan society. Many ‘ordinary’ women were involved in the genocide but, overall, committed significantly fewer acts of overt violence than men. Owing to the indirect nature of women's crimes, combined with male ‘chivalry’, women may be under-represented among those pursued for genocide-related crimes, despite the broad conception of complicity in Rwanda's Gacaca Law. Women in leadership positions played a particularly important role in the genocide, and gendered imagery, including of the ‘evil woman’ or ‘monster’, is often at play in their encounters with the law.

scholarly journals Attention to Global Warming and the Success of Environmental Initial Coin Offerings: Empirical Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9885
Author(s):  
Alexander Guzmán ◽  
Cristian Pinto-Gutiérrez ◽  
María-Andrea Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Market Discipline ◽  
Investor Attention ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Initial Coin Offerings

We analyze the effects of attention to global warming on the success of environmental initial coin offerings (ICOs) measured by the total funding amount raised in the actual ICOs and the long-term survival of the projects. Using a database featuring 324 environmental initial coin offerings between 2017 and 2019, we find that attention to global warming increases the total funding raised in an environmental ICO. Moreover, we find that environmental offerings that occur during periods of greater attention to global warming are significantly less likely to fail in the long term. Our results are consistent with the idea that investor attention as a market-discipline mechanism increases the likelihood of survival for environmental ICOs.

Caspases and apoptosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy S Salvesen
Keyword(s):  
Cysteine Proteases ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Intracellular Signalling Pathways ◽  
Adult Cell ◽  
Caspase Family ◽  
Cell Fragments ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

The ability of metazoan cells to undergo programmed cell death is vital to both the precise development and long-term survival of the mature adult. Cell deaths that result from engagement of this programme end in apoptosis, the ordered dismantling of the cell that results in its 'silent' demise, in which packaged cell fragments are removed by phagocytosis. This co-ordinated demise is mediated by members of a family of cysteine proteases known as caspases, whose activation follows characteristic apoptotic stimuli, and whose substrates include many proteins, the limited cleavage of which causes the characteristic morphology of apoptosis. In vertebrates, a subset of caspases has evolved to participate in the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and thus members of the caspase family participate in one of two very distinct intracellular signalling pathways.

Human thymic epithelial cells maintain long-term survival of clonogenic myeloid and erythroid progenitor cells in vitro

2000 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuto Takenaka ◽  
Mine Harada ◽  
Tomoaki Fujisaki ◽  
Koji Nagafuji ◽  
Shinichi Mizuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Thymic Epithelial Cells ◽  
Erythroid Progenitor ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Erythroid Progenitor Cells

Clinical outcome and long-term survival following radical esophagectomy in the elderly

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A747-A748
Author(s):  
S DRESNER ◽  
A IMMMANUEL ◽  
P LAMB ◽  
S GRIFFIN
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Radical Esophagectomy ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival
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