scholarly journals The Impact of Demographic Changes on CO2 Emission Profiles: Cases of East Asian Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 677
Author(s):  
Tae Yong Jung ◽  
Yong-Gun Kim ◽  
Jongwoo Moon
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Emission Projections ◽  
The Impact

The demographic changes of East Asian countries have accelerated in recent years. With consideration of the linkage between human behavior and carbon emissions, it is necessary to consider demographic characteristics for the CO2 emission projections of these countries. This study examines how changes in the demographic structure affect the emission projections of three East Asian countries (South Korea, China, and Japan) by comparing two different vintages of population projections. The study constructed a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model and applied the most up-to-date dataset of population prospects, GTAP 10, and the labor force participation rate. By comparing UN2010 and UN2019 projections, the study examined the impact of demographic changes on CO2 emission profiles of the three East Asian countries. The simulation result showed that GDP, which represents economic activity along with the population, is the direct channel of CO2 emission projections. Moreover, the scenario analysis suggested the population factor as one of the main drivers of the CO2 emission projection and a clear positive relationship between GDP and CO2 emissions, though CO2 emissions are generally inelastic in response to a GDP decrease in the three East Asian countries. The finding indirectly implies that not only the size of the population but also demographic composition should be considered to project CO2 emissions, as the labor participation rate is an important factor to determine the production function.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Renewable Energy and CO2 Emission Levels Nexus at an EU Level: A Panel Data Regression Approach

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Mihail Busu ◽  
Alexandra Catalina Nedelcu
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Urbanization Level ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Impact

In the past decades, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have become an important issue for many researchers and policy makers. The focus of scientists and experts in the area is mainly on lowering the CO2 emission levels. In this article, panel data is analyzed with an econometric model, to estimate the impact of renewable energy, biofuels, bioenergy efficiency, population, and urbanization level on CO2 emissions in European Union (EU) countries. Our results underline the fact that urbanization level has a negative impact on increasing CO2 emissions, while biofuels, bioenergy production, and renewable energy consumption have positive and direct impacts on reducing CO2 emissions. Moreover, population growth and urbanization level are negatively correlated with CO2 emission levels. The authors’ findings suggest that the public policies at the national level must encourage the consumption of renewable energy and biofuels in the EU, while population and urbanization level should come along with more restrictions on CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals Pathway towards Sustainability in Selected Asian Countries: Influence of Green Investment, Technology Innovations, and Economic Growth on CO2 Emission

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12873
Author(s):  
Rundong Luo ◽  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Kishwar Ali
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Technology Innovations ◽  
Dynamic Ols ◽  
Green Investment ◽  
The Cross

Green investment and technology innovations are generally considered as an effective factor to mitigate CO2 emissions as these enhance cleaner production and energy efficacy. Thus, this study investigated the influence of green investment, technology innovations, and economic growth on CO2 emissions in selected Asian countries for the period 2001 to 2019. The Cross-Section dependency (CSD) signified the cross-section dependence in the panel countries, whereas CIPS and CADF testing affirmed the stationarity of all variables at the first difference. Consequently, the Westerlund cointegration method recognized a long-term association among variables. The outcomes of Panel Fully Modified OLS and Panel Dynamic OLS results indicated that green investment and technology innovations are helpful in mitigating CO2 emissions in selected Asian countries. In addition, the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) postulate is validated for the given time period and indicated inverted U-shaped linkages between the economic growth and CO2 emission. The outcomes of the remaining variables, including population growth, energy consumption, FDI inflow, and trade, are estimated to have an augmenting influence on CO2 emission. Our results regarding the FDI–CO2 emissions nexus support the presence of the pollution-haven hypothesis. Moreover, the estimated results from PFMOLS and PDOLS are validated by Granger Causality, and AMG and CCEMG tests. The study suggests the adoption of renewable sources as energy input and the promotion of innovations for energy efficiencies to reduce CO2 emissions in Asian economies.

Introduction: Services Supply Chain—The Impact on Trade and Development in East Asian Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Fukunari Kimura ◽  
Shandre M Thangavelu ◽  
Christopher Findlay ◽  
Lurong Chen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The Impact

Future of Cancer Incidence in the United States: Burdens Upon an Aging, Changing Nation

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (17) ◽  
pp. 2758-2765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin D. Smith ◽  
Grace L. Smith ◽  
Arti Hurria ◽  
Gabriel N. Hortobagyi ◽  
Thomas A. Buchholz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
The Impact

Purpose By 2030, the United States' population will increase to approximately 365 million, including 72 million older adults (age ≥ 65 years) and 157 million minority individuals. Although cancer incidence varies by age and race, the impact of demographic changes on cancer incidence has not been fully characterized. We sought to estimate the number of cancer patients diagnosed in the United States through 2030 by age and race. Methods Current demographic-specific cancer incidence rates were calculated using the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database. Population projections from the Census Bureau were used to project future cancer incidence through 2030. Results From 2010 to 2030, the total projected cancer incidence will increase by approximately 45%, from 1.6 million in 2010 to 2.3 million in 2030. This increase is driven by cancer diagnosed in older adults and minorities. A 67% increase in cancer incidence is anticipated for older adults, compared with an 11% increase for younger adults. A 99% increase is anticipated for minorities, compared with a 31% increase for whites. From 2010 to 2030, the percentage of all cancers diagnosed in older adults will increase from 61% to 70%, and the percentage of all cancers diagnosed in minorities will increase from 21% to 28%. Conclusion Demographic changes in the United States will result in a marked increase in the number of cancer diagnoses over the next 20 years. Continued efforts are needed to improve cancer care for older adults and minorities.

Is leverage a substitute or outcome for governance? Evidence from financial crises

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Tekin ◽  
Ali Yavuz Polat
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Competing Hypotheses ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe authors investigate the impact of governance on the leverage of East Asian firms in the financial crisis context, in order to understand the puzzle whether debt acts as a substitute for governance or an outcome of the governance mechanism.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use 86,030 firm-years and the country-level governance data from eight East Asian countries over the period 1996–2017. The authors employ the fixed effects (FE) model, in the main analysis and the weighted least squares model, as a robustness check in order to compare the two competing hypotheses of agency theory, substitute and outcome models.FindingsThe authors’ results show that debt acts as a substitute for governance before the GFC, but during and after the GFC the picture changes. Namely, debt acts as an outcome of the governance mechanism during the GFC and its aftermath. Since during financial downturns both agency costs increase, and information asymmetry widens, firms in poor-governed countries may be reluctant to increase their leverage in order not to face financial distress and additional restrictions. Thus, the results imply that the use of debt as a tool to mitigate agency conflicts and a substitute for governance strongly depends on the environment that the firms operate and the general macroeconomic conditions, such as facing a financial crisis or not.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides an interesting case of the firms' capacity to raise money during a crisis and that governance plays an important role in borrowing activities of firms. This will undoubtedly help motivating owners and policymakers for improving governance. The authors’ findings may be useful for policymakers to develop policies considering the adverse effects caused by exogenous shocks. This is crucial because the severity of GFC as a shock seems to change the macro and institutional environment that firms operate. While the authors properly address the research hypotheses using country governance data, future research may employ corporate governance data to attain firm-level results by testing two competing hypotheses.Originality/valueThere are several important areas where this study makes original contributions. First, while Tsoy and Heshmati (2019) focus on the dynamics of capital structure for only Korean firms, the authors extend the sample including eight East Asian countries considering the impact of country governance on capital structure policy. Specifically, this study is the first in using the robust country governance data, which differs by country and year, in the crisis context. Next, the authors investigate both the AFC and GFC to compare whether these two crises have different effects on capital structure policy of East Asian firms. Finally, the authors aim to understand whether leverage is used as a substitute for governance or an outcome of governance mechanism considering recessions.

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