Introduction: Services Supply Chain—The Impact on Trade and Development in East Asian Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Fukunari Kimura ◽  
Shandre M Thangavelu ◽  
Christopher Findlay ◽  
Lurong Chen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The Impact

Is leverage a substitute or outcome for governance? Evidence from financial crises

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Tekin ◽  
Ali Yavuz Polat
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Competing Hypotheses ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe authors investigate the impact of governance on the leverage of East Asian firms in the financial crisis context, in order to understand the puzzle whether debt acts as a substitute for governance or an outcome of the governance mechanism.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use 86,030 firm-years and the country-level governance data from eight East Asian countries over the period 1996–2017. The authors employ the fixed effects (FE) model, in the main analysis and the weighted least squares model, as a robustness check in order to compare the two competing hypotheses of agency theory, substitute and outcome models.FindingsThe authors’ results show that debt acts as a substitute for governance before the GFC, but during and after the GFC the picture changes. Namely, debt acts as an outcome of the governance mechanism during the GFC and its aftermath. Since during financial downturns both agency costs increase, and information asymmetry widens, firms in poor-governed countries may be reluctant to increase their leverage in order not to face financial distress and additional restrictions. Thus, the results imply that the use of debt as a tool to mitigate agency conflicts and a substitute for governance strongly depends on the environment that the firms operate and the general macroeconomic conditions, such as facing a financial crisis or not.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides an interesting case of the firms' capacity to raise money during a crisis and that governance plays an important role in borrowing activities of firms. This will undoubtedly help motivating owners and policymakers for improving governance. The authors’ findings may be useful for policymakers to develop policies considering the adverse effects caused by exogenous shocks. This is crucial because the severity of GFC as a shock seems to change the macro and institutional environment that firms operate. While the authors properly address the research hypotheses using country governance data, future research may employ corporate governance data to attain firm-level results by testing two competing hypotheses.Originality/valueThere are several important areas where this study makes original contributions. First, while Tsoy and Heshmati (2019) focus on the dynamics of capital structure for only Korean firms, the authors extend the sample including eight East Asian countries considering the impact of country governance on capital structure policy. Specifically, this study is the first in using the robust country governance data, which differs by country and year, in the crisis context. Next, the authors investigate both the AFC and GFC to compare whether these two crises have different effects on capital structure policy of East Asian firms. Finally, the authors aim to understand whether leverage is used as a substitute for governance or an outcome of governance mechanism considering recessions.

“Capital mobility in East Asian Countries is not so high”: Examining the impact of sterilization on capital flows

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Hsiang Ying ◽  
Chung-Ming Kuan ◽  
Chris Y. Tung ◽  
Koyin Chang
Keyword(s):  
Capital Flows ◽  
Capital Mobility ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Genome Profiling of SARS-CoV-2 in Indonesia, ASEAN and the Neighbouring East Asian Countries: Features, Challenges and Achievements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inswasti Cahyani ◽  
Eko W Putro ◽  
Asep M Ridwanuloh ◽  
Satrio Wibowo ◽  
Hariyatun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
East Asian ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Oxford Nanopore ◽  
The World ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

A year after the World Health Organisation declared COVID-19 as a pandemic, much has been learned with respect to SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology, vaccine production and disease treatment. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has played a significant role in contributing to our understanding of the epidemiology and biology of this virus. In this paper, we investigate the use of SARS-CoV-2 WGS in Southeast and East Asia and the impact of technological development, access to resources, and demography of individual countries on its uptake. Facilitated by the Nottingham-Indonesia Collaboration for Clinical Research and Training (NICCRAT) initiative, we showcased a bilateral collaboration between the University of Nottingham and the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI/Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia) to establish WGS of SARS-CoV-2 using Oxford Nanopore Technology® in Indonesia. Analyses of SARS-CoV-2 genomes deposited on GISAID from Southeast and East Asian countries reveals the importance of collecting clinical and demographic metadata and the importance of open access and data sharing. Lineage and phylogenetic analyses per 1 June 2021 found that: 1) B.1.466.2 variants were the most predominant in Indonesia, with mutations in the spike protein including D614G at 100%, N439K at 99.1%, and P681R at 69.7% frequency, 2) The variants of concern, B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta) and B.1.617.2 (Delta) were first detected in Indonesia in January 2021, 2) B.1.470 was first detected in Indonesia and spread to the neighbouring regions, and 3) The highest rate of virus transmissions between Indonesia and the rest of the world appears to be through interactions with Singapore and Japan, two neighbouring countries with high degree of access and travels to and from Indonesia. Overall, we conclude that WGS of SARS-CoV-2 using Oxford Nanopore Technology® platforms fits well with the Indonesian context and can catalyse the increase of sequencing rates in the country.

A Comparative Study of Marital Dissolution in East Asian Societies: Gender Attitudes and Social Expectations towards Marriage in Taiwan, Korea and Japan

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Chih Yen ◽  
Wen-Shan Yang
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Educational Opportunity ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Marital Dissolution ◽  
Gender Attitudes ◽  
Social Expectations ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The rising trend of marital dissolution, just like marriage delay and non-marriage, has received much attention in both academic and public arena in East Asia in recent years. Taking a gender and comparative perspective, our research investigates marital dissolution by examining the changes in marital attitudes, gender roles, socio-economic status and educational opportunity of women and their influence on marital decisions in three East Asian countries, Japan, Korea and Taiwan. In addition, we also investigate the impact of shifting social expectations towards marriage and the reconfiguration of the meaning of matrimony. Furthermore, our study aims to explore the clash between institutional purposes of marriage in Confucian and Collectivist values and modern and individualistic goals of marriage in East Asian societies today. Our analysis is based on data from the special family module of the 2006 East Asia Social Survey conducted simultaneously in Taiwan, Korea and Japan.

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