scholarly journals Temperature Effects on Electricity and Gas Consumption: Empirical Evidence from Mexico and Projections under Future Climate Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
W.J. Wouter Botzen ◽  
Tim Nees ◽  
Francisco Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Gas Consumption

Fixed effects panel models are used to estimate how the electricity and gas consumption of various sectors and residents relate to temperature in Mexico, while controlling for the effects of income, manufacturing output per capita, electricity and gas prices and household size. We find non-linear relationships between energy consumption and temperature, which are heterogeneous per state. Electricity consumption increases with temperature, and this effect is stronger in warm states. Liquified petroleum gas consumption declines with temperature, and this effect is slightly stronger in cold states. Extrapolations of electricity and gas consumption under a high warming scenario reveal that electricity consumption by the end of the century for Mexico increases by 12%, while gas consumption declines with 10%, resulting in substantial net economic costs of 43 billion pesos per year. The increase in net energy consumption implies greater efforts to comply with the mitigation commitments of Mexico and requires a much faster energy transition and substantial improvements in energy efficiency. The results suggest that challenges posed by climate change also provide important opportunities for advancing social sustainability goals and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This study is part of Mexico’s Sixth National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Impacts of Extreme Climate Risks on Global Energy Consumption Transition: An International Comparative Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4189
Author(s):  
Jiaying Peng ◽  
Yuhang Zheng ◽  
Ke Mao
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
The Impact

In response to the uncertainty of extreme climate change, energy consumption structure has been actively adjusted globally. Based on panel data of 101 countries or regions from 2006 to 2019, a panel data model with fixed effects is used to analyze the heterogeneous impacts of extreme climate risks on global consumption transition. The results show that extreme climate change has promoted the transition of the energy structure, reduced the consumption of fossil energy, and increased the consumption of renewable energy. Meanwhile, there are heterogeneous impacts of extreme climate change risks on the energy transition when different countries suffering from extreme weather conditions. Areas with high levels of economic development and coastal countries are more inclined to respond to climate change through energy transition. It is further confirmed that, under the impact of business cycle and oil price fluctuations, economic recession and falling oil prices will strengthen the correlation between climate risk and the global energy transition, and governments need to pay more attention to the impact of climate risks.

scholarly journals Cointegration and Causality Analysis of Dynamic Linkage between Industrial Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandio ◽  
Rauf ◽  
Jiang ◽  
Ozturk ◽  
Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Industrial Oil ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Industrial Energy ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Gas Consumption

Energy consumption is a crucial factor to promote industrial sector contribution in an economy for its economic progression. Indeed, Pakistan is an emerging country, but recently adjoining with a very severe deficit of electricity sources. Hence, the industry value added growth leading to economic progression is also fronting inevitable challenges to promote the industry growth. The main objective of the study is to investigate the linkages between industrial sector oil, gas and electricity consumption, and renewable energy consumption with economic development in Pakistan. The findings display evidence of cointegration and a long-run relationship between the consumption of industrial energy and economic growth in Pakistan. The results showed that industrial electricity consumption and industrial gas consumption have a positive and statistically significant impact on economic growth both in the long run and the short run in Pakistan. Industrial oil consumption negatively impacts economic growth in the long run, but positively and statistically significantly impacts economic growth in the short run in Pakistan. Moreover, indications through the vector error correction model (VECM) model confirmed bi-directional relationships of industrial sector oil consumption and economic growth in Pakistan. Furthermore, the uni-directional nexus instituted between economic growth to industrial electricity consumption, industrial gas consumption to industrial electricity consumption, and industrial oil consumption to industrial electricity consumption. The findings uncovered solid interconnections among the studied variables and suggested that the Pakistani government should build a robust policy to diminish the oil, gas, and fossil fuels consumption for electricity production, as a replacement to depend on solar, hydro, wind, and biomass energy sources in Pakistan. Consequently, the government should promote more gas concentrated projects, as these will alleviate the contests of gas dearth and provide it to the industry at cheap prices with ease.

scholarly journals A Mathematical Description of Selected Energy Transition Scenarios in the 21st Century, Intended to Realize the Main Goals of the Paris Climate Agreement

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2558
Author(s):  
Askar A. Akaev ◽  
Olga I. Davydova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Mathematical Description ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuels ◽  
Paris Climate Agreement ◽  
Great Energy

On 4 November 2016, the historic Paris Climate Agreement of the United Nations entered into force, requiring signatory countries to maintain global warming at the level of 1.5–2 °C. According to the calculations of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), to achieve this goal, a 2/3 reduction in greenhouse gas energy emissions into the atmosphere compared with gaseous energy-related emissions in 2019 (33.3 Gt) by about 2050 (1.5 °C) or by 2070 (2 °C) is required. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), this is only possible with the implementation of a great energy transition from the use of currently dominant fossil hydrocarbon fuels—coal, oil, and natural gas—to the predominant use of renewable energy sources (RES) by 2040–2050, when the share of renewable energy in the total energy balance will reach 40% and above. In this work, mathematical description of an upcoming energy transition has been carried out, including long-term scenario writing of the world’s demographic dynamics and global energy demand, calculation of the dynamics of industrial CO2 emissions and CO2 accumulation in the Earth’s atmosphere, as well as the corresponding changes in the average global temperature of the Earth’s surface in the 21st century. A mathematical description of the impact of energy consumption on climate change was carried out taking into account long-term trends in the dynamics of energy consumption. Using the performed mathematically-oriented scenario writing, it is suggested that a great energy transition with the achievement of the goals of the Paris Agreement is possible only by 2060. Renewable energy could sufficiently displace and replace hydrocarbon fuels to achieve climate safety without compromising economic development. As a result, humanity will receive an environmentally friendly decentralized distributed energy system, connected by «smart» grids, controlled by intelligent digital technologies.

Study on the Influence of Key Factors in Sichuan Province Energy Conservation that Based on the Fixed Effect Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 5943-5948
Author(s):  
Ce Chen ◽  
Xing Qi He
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Growth Unit ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
The Relationship

According to Sichuan Province 2006~2012 21 local power and energy consumption panel data, on the basis of the analysis of the electric consumption and energy consumption, the relationship between economic growth, unit GDP energy consumption and unit GDP electricity consumption, the relationship between the electricity consumption and energy consumption in the industry and the region, established analysis model of measurement of time individual fixed effects model. Have quantitative evaluation for the electricity consumption, the level of economic development, and the industrial structure to assess effects of saving energy and reducing consumption, and put forward the corresponding proposal.

scholarly journals Impact on Renewable Design Requirements of Net-Zero Carbon Buildings under Potential Future Climate Scenarios

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Dongsu Kim ◽  
Heejin Cho ◽  
Pedro J. Mago ◽  
Jongho Yoon ◽  
Hyomun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Zero Carbon ◽  
The U.S

This paper presents an analysis to foresee renewable design requirement changes of net- zero carbon buildings (NZCBs) under different scenarios of potential future climate scenarios in the U.S. Northeast and Midwest regions. A climate change model is developed in this study using the Gaussian random distribution method with monthly temperature changes over the whole Northeast and Midwest regions, which are predicted based on a high greenhouse gas (GHG) emission scenario (i.e., the representative concentration pathways (RCP) 8.5). To reflect the adoption of NZCBs potential in future, this study also considers two representative future climate scenarios in the 2050s and 2080s of climate change years in the U.S. Northeast and Midwest regions. An office prototype building model integrates with an on-site photovoltaics (PV) power generation system to evaluate NZCB performance under the climate change scenarios with an assumption of a net-metering electricity purchase agreement. Appropriate capacities of the on-site PV system needed to reach NZCB balances are determined based on the building energy consumption impacted by the simulated climate scenarios. Results from this study demonstrated the emission by electricity consumption increases as moving toward the future scenarios of up to about 25 tons of CO2-eq (i.e., about 14% of the total CO2-eq produced by the electricity energy source) and the PV installation capacity to offset the emission account for the electricity consumption increases significantly up to about 40 kWp (i.e., up to more than 10% of total PV installation capacities) as the different climate scenarios are applied. It is concluded that the cooling energy consumption of office building models would significantly impact GHG emission as future climate scenarios are considered. Consequently, designers of NZCBs should consider high performance cooling energy systems in their designs to reduce the renewable energy generation system capacity to achieve net-zero carbon emission goals.

Caracterización de sistemas de enfriamiento evaporativo indirecto en cubiertas para obtener confort higrotérmico en edificaciones en climas cálido-húmedos

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Eréndira Anais Carrillo Salas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Cooling Strategies ◽  
Physical Scale ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

In the area of architectural design, the current environmental problem in the world due to global warming because of the high consumption of conventional energy has generated concern for conducting research, where the main objective is to reduce energy consumption. In the Mexican Republic, 88% of electricity consumption is provided to the residential sector and is mainly used in air conditioning systems, since 27% of the country has hot or tropical climate conditions. The bioclimatic architectural design allows, through passive systems, to provide comfort conditions inside the buildings without the use of active systems and, in the case of hot climates, there are different techniques to obtain cooling in living spaces. This research addresses passive cooling techniques to reduce energy consumption in hot-humid climates where the objective was to characterize different indirect evaporative cooling strategies. The work was carried out in the City of Merida on physical scale models where different cooling strategies were implemented in the roof based on the roof-pond system, modifying the materials. In Experiment 1 water was used and in Experiment 2 a phase change material (coconut oil) encapsulated in a 6 mm polycarbonate plate was placed. Measurements were made for 20 days in periods of low and overheating; and in the case of coconut oil, the most unfavorable period was considered, the period of overheating. The results showed that the five cooling systems, both with the use of water and with encapsulated coconut oil, showed a reduction of the TBS inside the investigated spaces. Module 5 however is the experiment that showed the best results reducing its DBT by 3.7 K (water) and 4.9 K (coconut oil).

scholarly journals A Historical and Econometric Analysis of Energy Consumption and Industrial Output in Pakistan (1990-2019)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-382
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umair ◽  
Muhammad Ramzan Sheikh ◽  
Kashif Saeed            
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Industrial Output ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Gas Consumption

This paper examines the nexus of disaggregated energy consumption and industrial output in Pakistan. The annual time series data over the period 1990-2019 has been taken for current research. ARDL technique has been employed for empirical analysis. The results show that oil consumption, electricity consumption and gas consumption are positively and significantly connected with the industrial output in long run. Similarly, trade openness, labour and capital also have the same association with the industrial output and have significant outcomes in the long run. The results of Granger causality show that there exists a unidirectional causality from electricity consumption to industrial output. The study concludes that oil, gas and electricity are contributing a large share in industrial growth so that it would be made an effort to install the plants relevant with these energy sources to meet the affordable demand in the industry sector.

scholarly journals An Empirical Investigation of the Causal Relationship amongst Energy Consumption, Net Fixed Capital Stock and Economic Growth in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 5449-5454
Author(s):  
Mr. Abhijit Phukon ◽  
Ms. Mitali Konwar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Fixed Capital ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas Consumption ◽  
Good Policy

Purpose- in this paper, an effort has been made to establish the causal relationship amongst energy consumption, net fixed capital stocks and economic growth measured in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in India. Further attempt has been made to fix the direction of causality by taking into account the disaggregated energy consumption such as petroleum, coal, electricity and gas consumption. Design/ methodology/ approach- the methodology is based on the Engle-Granger method of co-integration and Johanson-Juselius multivariate method and uses a time series data of disaggregated energy consumption, net fixed capital stocks and GDP over the period 1970-2002. Since no co-integration was found amongst the concerned variables, Standard Granger method is used to find out the causality between energy consumption and economic growth as well as energy consumption and net fixed capital stocks. Findings- the empirical results infer that there is bi-directional causality between energy consumption and economic growth and unidirectional causality running from energy consumption to net fixed capital stocks. The research concluded that since India is a net energy importer, especially petroleum, it has to pay a high oil import bill every year. Therefore, using oil more efficiently and/or substituting petroleum and gas by coal and electricity wherever possible could be a good policy measure. Perhaps, an energy conservation policy regarding petroleum and natural gas consumption would not lead to any adverse side effects on economic growth in India.

Promoting Sustainable Housing with Fundamental Shift beyond Net-Zero and Green Building

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswadeep Bharali ◽  
Basanta Rajbanshi ◽  
Tashi Yangzom ◽  
Himal Dahal ◽  
Muden Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Base Case Scenario

<p>Net positive buildings can be the solution to slow down climate change. Old buildings and minimum code buildings only strive for structural protection, but they do not play a part in climate change mitigation solutions. In this study, we try to demonstrate net positive buildings' contribution in reducing global greenhouse gas emissions by taking the Guwahati region (India) as a study area. First, we developed a north-facing 3-B-H-K residential building plan with a two-car garage using the most commonly used construction materials in the region as a base case scenario. The weather data (like Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Airspeed) for 2020 is collected. With these inputs, the annual total energy consumption for the present climatic condition is simulated using the Ecotect tool. Then three different scenarios (modification of walls, modification of roofs, and floor modification) were created. The energy interpretation for the overall modified case was done and compared with the base case scenario. The result indicates that the total annual energy consumption for the overall modified case was reduced by 70% as compared to the base case model. The remaining 30% of the energy usage was supplied by renewable energy sources using photovoltaic cells to make net energy consumption zero.  These findings suggest that the old building can be renovated and modified to act as a mitigation solution to climate change.</p>

The effect of solar reflectance, infrared emissivity, and thermal insulation of roofs on the annual energy consumption of single-family households in México

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Lucero-Álvarez ◽  
Ignacio R. Martín-Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Infrared Emissivity ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Exterior Surface ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Solar Reflectance

Thermal building simulations were carried out for the climate conditions of 20 cities in México. We analyse the effects on energy consumption of variations in solar reflectance (SR), infrared emissivity (IE), and thermal insulation (TI) of a roof’s exterior surface. We quantify the maximum potential reduction in air conditioning annual electricity consumption and the most appropriate combination of optical properties to achieve this in every locality. We systematically varied the SR, IE, and TI of the exposed rooftop of a reference building. TI has the greatest energy-saving benefits when the optical properties of the roof are inadequate. The largest effects of SR and IE on energy consumption occur in countries with temperate climate dominated by energy requirements for cooling. In México, these cities are located in thermal zones 1 and 2, and it is within these zones that cool roof standards are recommended.

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