scholarly journals Subsidies, Clean Heating Choices, and Policy Costs: Evidence from Rural Households in Northern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Lingling Song ◽  
Yanchun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Regional Energy ◽  
Gas Heating ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Gas Price ◽  
The Impact

Clean heating renovation is important for optimizing the regional energy structure and improving the quality of the atmospheric environment in Northern China. According to survey data of 1298 rural households in the “coal-to-gas” reform in Hengshui of Hebei Province, in this paper, we construct a clean heating subsidy model which focuses on clean heating choices, the reburning rate, and the subsidy cost. The key parameters affecting farmers’ choice of clean heating, including the lifeline, classification of rural households, and gas price elasticity, are estimated. Furthermore, we simulate changes between the existing and new subsidy policies, including the impact on the welfare of rural residents. We present the following findings: (1) under the current subsidy standard, the level of gas heating lifeline in Hengshui is 700 m3, the proportion of low-gas-consumption households is approximately 47.38%, and the reburning rate ranges from 47.38% to 63.80%; (2) under a new subsidy standard which we designed to ensure that households will not reburn the coal, the optimal subsidy value is 1.23 CNY/m3, the optimal subsidy volume is 970 m3, and the total subsidy demonstrates an increase of 46.21%; and (3) the government’s subsidy standards should focus on low-income households.

scholarly journals A 110 Year Sediment Record of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Related to Economic Development and Energy Consumption in Dongping Lake, North China

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 6828
Author(s):  
Wei Guo ◽  
Junhui Yue ◽  
Qian Zhao ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Xiangyi Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North China ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Regional Energy ◽  
Open Policy ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Factorization Model ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Dongping Lake ◽  
The Impact

A sedimentary record of the 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollutants from Dongping Lake, north China, is presented in this study. The influence of regional energy structure changes for 2–6-ring PAHs was investigated, in order to assess their sources and the impact of socioeconomic developments on the observed changes in concentration over time. The concentration of the ΣPAH16 ranged from 77.6 to 628.0 ng/g. Prior to the 1970s, the relatively low concentration of ΣPAH16 and the average presence of 44.4% 2,3-ring PAHs indicated that pyrogenic combustion from grass, wood, and coal was the main source of PAHs. The rapid increase in the concentration of 2,3-ring PAHs between the 1970s and 2006 was attributed to the growth of the urban population and the coal consumption, following the implementation of the Reform and Open Policy in 1978. The source apportionment, which was assessed using a positive matrix factorization model, revealed that coal combustion was the most important regional source of PAHs pollution (>51.0%). The PAHs were mainly transported to the site from the surrounding regions by atmospheric deposition rather than direct discharge.

Cecilia Tacoli (ed). The Earthscan Reader in Rural-Urban Linkages. London / Sterling, VA: Earthscan. 329 pages. Hardbound. Indian Rs 995.00.

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
G. M. Arif
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Impact

The linkages between ‘rural’ and ‘urban’ locations, people, and activities contribute significantly to livelihoods and act as engines of economic, social, and cultural transformation. There is an increased interest among officials and policy-makers to better understand the opportunities and constraints that these linkages offer. Divided into five parts, the fifteen chapters, of this book bring special attention to the impact of rural-urban linkages on different aspects of sustainable development. Chapter 1 presents an analysis of recent census data, with special attention to small urban centres. David Satterthwaite argus that the rural and urban divide misses the extent to which rural households rely on urban incomes, while many urban households in low-income nations rely on rural resources and a reciprocal relationship with rural households. There is a need to forget this divide and see all settlements as being within a continuum with regard to both their population size and the extent of their non-agricultural economic base.

Assessing the Impacts of Inter-Regional Power Transmissions on Energy Structure in China’s Power Sector

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 1757-1761
Author(s):  
Jie Zhao ◽  
Can Wang ◽  
Min Hua Ye
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Regional Power ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Regional Energy ◽  
The Impact

Ultra-high voltage (UHV) inter-regional power transmissions not only can upgrade the optimal allocation ability of electricity energy in a wider range, but also can link the renewable energy power plant center and electricity load center. We use a bottom-up optimization model based on six regional power grids to simulate the impact of inter-regional transmission on energy structure in china’s power sector. The result shows that it maybe not has the positive effect as we had expected, the main consequence of the inter-regional power transmission is the thermal power generation migration among different regions, which has no significant effect on promoting renewable energy in the absence of other incentive policies. As a new form of inter-regional energy deployment, UHV inter-regional power transmission will change our future regional energy use, as well as air emissions, greenhouse gas emissions and other development path, so we also put SO2, NOx and CO2 emission control into consideration.

scholarly journals The Impact of Public Health Insurance on Household Credit Availability in Rural China: Evidence from NRCMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6595
Author(s):  
Qing Yang ◽  
Qing Xu ◽  
Yufeng Lu ◽  
Jin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Public Health Insurance ◽  
Credit Availability ◽  
Household Credit ◽  
The Impact

A large body of literature has shown that the burden of healthcare can push individuals and households into the burden of medical care and income loss. This makes it difficult for rural or low-income households to obtain and use safe and affordable formal credit services. In 2003, China’s government implemented a new rural public health insurance, which was called the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NRCMS). This study provides evidence of the impact of NRCMS on household credit availability using the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) for 2010. The tobit regression approach and mediator model are used. The results show that, as a public health insurance system sustained by the participation of government investment, the NRCMS provides good “collateral” and significantly enhances rural households’ formal credit availability level. Furthermore, this positive effect is mainly reflected in the economic effect of NRCMS. Our results are robust to alternative statistical methods. Our findings suggest that expanding access, fulfilling the NRCMS mortgage function, and providing more financial services for rural households would have big benefits with regard to easing credit constraints for rural residents.

Off-farm income and food expenditure of rural households in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 1088-1100
Author(s):  
Yuying Liu ◽  
Alan Renwick ◽  
Xinhong Fu
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Food Expenditure ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of off-farm income on food expenditure, using survey data of 493 rural households from Gansu, Henan and Shandong provinces in China. Design/methodology/approach A two-stage least squares estimator is used to jointly estimate the determinants of off-farm income and the direct impact of off-farm income on food expenditure while controlling for the endogeneity issue associated with off-farm income variable. Findings The empirical results show that gender, education of household head, household size, farm size, the presence of children, smartphone use and asset ownership mainly determine off-farm income, and the off-farm income affects food expenditure of rural households significantly. In particular, the results show that a 1,000 yuan increase in per capita off-farm income increases per capita food expenditure by 61 yuan. Further estimations reveal that off-farm income has a larger effect on food expenditure of high-income rural households relative to their low-income counterparts. Originality/value Although poverty implications of off-farm income have been well documented, few studies have analysed the effects of off-farm income on food expenditure of rural households. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there are no studies on this issue that focus on rural China. Therefore, the present study attempts to provide a first insight into the association between off-farm income and food expenditure of rural households in China, with the aim of providing useful evidence for policymakers in their efforts to reduce rural and urban food consumption gap and further increase social welfare.

scholarly journals The Dynamic Impacts of Oil Price on China’s Natural Gas Consumption under the Change of Global Oil Market Patterns: An Analysis from the Perspective of Total Consumption and Structure

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Chai ◽  
Ying Jin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Structural Mutation ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
International Price ◽  
Natural Gas Consumption ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, China’s energy structure has been adjusted unceasingly, where the proportion of natural gas has been increasing year by year, and its external dependence has also been increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the correlation between China’s natural gas market and the international energy market. This paper studies the dynamic relationship between China’s total natural gas consumption, consumption structure, and the international price of oil from the perspectives of mutation and time-variance, using the cointegration test with regime shifts and a state space model. The results show that during the global financial crisis in 2008, the cointegration relationship between China’s total natural gas consumption and the international oil price has undergone structural changes. January 2012 and March 2015 are potential structural mutation points. After the structural mutation, the impact of the international price of oil on China’s total natural gas consumption has weakened. From a structural point of view, urban gas and power generation gas have both been greatly affected by the change of oil price, while industrial gas and chemical gas are less affected. The conclusion here will provide an important empirical reference for optimizing the structure of natural gas consumption and maintaining energy security in China.

scholarly journals Research on the Impact of Land Circulation on the Income Gap of Rural Households: Evidence from CHIP

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 781
Author(s):  
Congjia Huo ◽  
Lingming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Labor Mobility ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Land Circulation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

With the continued development of the economy, the income gap among Chinese rural households continues to widen. The land system plays a decisive role in developing “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” and land circulation is a factor in the increase in income inequality among farm households. Based on the 2013 China Household Income Project (CHIP), this article used the re-centered influence function (RIF) regression method to empirically test the impact of rural land circulation on the income gap of rural households in China in three regions: the central, eastern and western regions. The quantile regression tested the impact mechanism of income inequality of rural households from the perspective of labor mobility and land circulation. The empirical results showed that land circulation increases the income inequality of rural households. The theoretical mechanism test proved that the dynamic relationship between land circulation and labor mobility increases rural household income. However, this increase has a greater effect on rural households with a high income and a small effect on rural households with a low income, resulting in a further widening of the income gap. Therefore, while increasing the income of rural households through land circulation, the government should also consider income equity. Finally, this article puts forward the policies and opinions on land reform and provides a brief discussion on the future direction of development.

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Karp ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Marguerite Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

Monitoring the Impact of Family Health Benefits for Low-Income Families

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trish Livingstone ◽  
Lisa Lix ◽  
Mary McNutt ◽  
Evan Morris ◽  
William Osei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Impact
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document