scholarly journals Improving the Carbon Capture Efficiency for Gas Power Plants through Amine-Based Absorbents

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Saman Hasan ◽  
Abubakar Jibrin Abbas ◽  
Ghasem Ghavami Nasr
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Circulation Rate ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

Environmental concern for our planet has changed significantly over time due to climate change, caused by an increasing population and the subsequent demand for electricity, and thus increased power generation. Considering that natural gas is regarded as a promising fuel for such a purpose, the need to integrate carbon capture technologies in such plants is becoming a necessity, if gas power plants are to be aligned with the reduction of CO2 in the atmosphere, through understanding the capturing efficacy of different absorbents under different operating conditions. Therefore, this study provided for the first time the comparison of available absorbents in relation to amine solvents (MEA, DEA, and DEA) CO2 removal efficiency, cost, and recirculation rate to achieve Climate change action through caron capture without causing absorbent disintegration. The study analyzed Flue under different amine-based solvent solutions (monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA)), in order to compare their potential for CO2 reduction under different operating conditions and costs. This was simulated using ProMax 5.0 software modeled as a simple absorber tower to absorb CO2 from flue gas. Furthermore, MEA, DEA, and MDEA adsorbents were used with a temperature of 38 °C and their concentration varied from 10 to 15%. Circulation rates of 200–300 m3/h were used for each concentration and solvent. The findings deduced that MEA is a promising solvent compared to DEA and MDEA in terms of the highest CO2 captured; however, it is limited at the top outlet for clean flue gas, which contained 3.6295% of CO2 and less than half a percent of DEA and MDEA, but this can be addressed either by increasing the concentration to 15% or increasing the MEA circulation rate to 300 m3/h.

scholarly journals Screening of native microalgae species for carbon fixation at the vicinity of Malaysian coal-fired power plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyana Yahya ◽  
Razif Harun ◽  
Luqman Chuah Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Emission Mitigation ◽  
Fixation Rate ◽  
Carbon Emission Mitigation ◽  
Gas Exposure

AbstractGlobal warming has become a serious issue nowadays as the trend of CO2 emission is increasing by years. In Malaysia, the electricity and energy sector contributed a significant amount to the nation’s CO2 emission due to fossil fuel use. Many research works have been carried out to mitigate this issue, including carbon capture and utilization (CCUS) technology and biological carbon fixation by microalgae. This study makes a preliminary effort to screen native microalgae species in the Malaysian coal-fired power plant’s surrounding towards carbon fixation ability. Three dominant species, including Nannochloropsis sp., Tetraselmis sp., and Isochrysis sp. were identified and tested in the laboratory under ambient and pure CO2 condition to assess their growth and CO2 fixation ability. The results indicate Isochrysis sp. as the superior carbon fixer against other species. In continuation, the optimization study using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was carried out to optimize the operating conditions of Isochrysis sp. using a customized lab-scale photobioreactor under simulated flue gas exposure. This species was further acclimatized and tested under actual flue gas generated by the power plant. Isochrysis sp. had shown its capability as a carbon fixer with CO2 fixation rate of 0.35 gCO2/L day under actual coal-fired flue gas exposure after cycles of acclimatization phase. This work is the first to demonstrate indigenous microalgae species' ability as a carbon fixer under Malaysian coal-fired flue gas exposure. Thus, the findings shall be useful in exploring the microalgae potential as a biological agent for carbon emission mitigation from power plants more sustainably.

Absorber modeling for NGCC carbon capture with aqueous piperazine

2016 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 459-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Brice Freeman ◽  
Pingjiao Hao ◽  
Gary T. Rochelle
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Natural Gas Combined Cycle ◽  
Dry Cooling

A hybrid system combining amine scrubbing with membrane technology for carbon capture from natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plants is proposed in this paper. In this process, the CO2 in the flue gas can be enriched from 4% to 18% by the membrane, and the amine scrubbing system will have lower capture costs. Aqueous piperazine (PZ) is chosen as the solvent. Different direct contact cooler (DCC) options, multiple absorber operating conditions, optimal intercooling designs, and different cooling options have been evaluated across a wide range of inlet CO2. Amine scrubbing without DCC is a superior design for NGCC carbon capture. Pump-around cooling at the bottom of the absorber can effectively manage the temperature of the hot flue gas, and still be effective for CO2 absorption. The absorber gas inlet must be designed to avoid excessive localized temperature and solvent evaporation. When the inlet CO2 increases from 4% to 18%, total absorber CAPEX decreases by 60%; another 10% of the total absorber CAPEX can be saved by eliminating the DCC. In-and-out intercooling works well for high CO2, while pump-around intercooling is more effective for low CO2. Dry cooling requires more packing and energy but appears to be technically and economically feasible if cooling water availability is limited.

Could biomass-fueled boilers be operated at higher steam temperatures? Part 3: Initial analysis of costs and benefits

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 65-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.B.A. (SANDY) SHARP ◽  
W.J. JIM FREDERICK ◽  
JAMES R. KEISER ◽  
DOUGLAS L. SINGBEIL
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Superheated Steam ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Fireside Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Resistant

The efficiencies of biomass-fueled power plants are much lower than those of coal-fueled plants because they restrict their exit steam temperatures to inhibit fireside corrosion of superheater tubes. However, restricting the temperature of a given mass of steam produced by a biomass boiler decreases the amount of power that can be generated from this steam in the turbine generator. This paper examines the relationship between the temperature of superheated steam produced by a boiler and the quantity of power that it can generate. The thermodynamic basis for this relationship is presented, and the value of the additional power that could be generated by operating with higher superheated steam temperatures is estimated. Calculations are presented for five plants that produce both steam and power. Two are powered by black liquor recovery boilers and three by wood-fired boilers. Steam generation parameters for these plants were supplied by industrial partners. Calculations using thermodynamics-based plant simulation software show that the value of the increased power that could be generated in these units by increasing superheated steam temperatures 100°C above current operating conditions ranges between US$2,410,000 and US$11,180,000 per year. The costs and benefits of achieving higher superheated steam conditions in an individual boiler depend on local plant conditions and the price of power. However, the magnitude of the increased power that can be generated by increasing superheated steam temperatures is so great that it appears to justify the cost of corrosion-mitigation methods such as installing corrosion-resistant materials costing far more than current superheater alloys; redesigning biomassfueled boilers to remove the superheater from the flue gas path; or adding chemicals to remove corrosive constituents from the flue gas. The most economic pathways to higher steam temperatures will very likely involve combinations of these methods. Particularly attractive approaches include installing more corrosion-resistant alloys in the hottest superheater locations, and relocating the superheater from the flue gas path to an externally-fired location or to the loop seal of a circulating fluidized bed boiler.

Designing CO2 Transmission Pipelines Without Crack Arrestors

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme G. King ◽  
Satish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Pipeline Network

Masdar is developing several carbon capture projects from power plants, smelters, steel works, industrial facilities and oil and gas processing plants in Abu Dhabi in a phased series of projects. Captured CO2 will be transported in a new national CO2 pipeline network with a nominal capacity of 20×106 T/y to oil reservoirs where it will be injected for reservoir management and sequestration. Design of the pipeline network considered three primary factors in the selection of wall thickness and toughness, (a) steady and transient operating conditions, (b) prevention of longitudinal ductile fractures and (c) optimization of total project owning and operating costs. The paper explains how the three factors affect wall thickness and toughness. It sets out code requirements that must be satisfied when choosing wall thickness and gives details of how to calculate toughness to prevent propagation of long ductile fracture in CO2 pipelines. It then uses cost optimization to resolve contention between the different requirements and arrive at a safe and economical pipeline design. The design work selected a design pressure of 24.5 MPa, well above the critical point for CO2 and much higher than is normally seen in conventional oil and gas pipelines. Despite its high operating pressure, the proposed network will be one of the safest pipeline systems in the world today.

A parametric study of the impact of membrane materials and process operating conditions on carbon capture from humidified flue gas

2013 ◽  
Vol 431 ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bee Ting Low ◽  
Li Zhao ◽  
Timothy C. Merkel ◽  
Michael Weber ◽  
Detlef Stolten
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Membrane Materials ◽  
The Impact

Artificial Intelligence-Based Emission Reduction Strategy for Limestone Forced Oxidation Flue Gas Desulfurization System

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Moeen Uddin ◽  
Syed Muhammad Arafat ◽  
Waqar Muhammad Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Asim ◽  
Muhammad Mahmood Aslam Bhutta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Flue Gas Desulfurization ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Input Control ◽  
Network Process ◽  
Coal Power Plants ◽  
Forced Oxidation

Abstract The emissions from coal power plants have serious implication on the environment protection, and there is an increasing effort around the globe to control these emissions by the flue gas cleaning technologies. This research was carried out on the limestone forced oxidation (LSFO) flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system installed at the 2*660 MW supercritical coal-fired power plant. Nine input variables of the FGD system: pH, inlet sulfur dioxide (SO2), inlet temperature, inlet nitrogen oxide (NOx), inlet O2, oxidation air, absorber slurry density, inlet humidity, and inlet dust were used for the development of effective neural network process models for a comprehensive emission analysis constituting outlet SO2, outlet Hg, outlet NOx, and outlet dust emissions from the LSFO FGD system. Monte Carlo experiments were conducted on the artificial neural network process models to investigate the relationships between the input control variables and output variables. Accordingly, optimum operating ranges of all input control variables were recommended. Operating the LSFO FGD system under optimum conditions, nearly 35% and 24% reduction in SO2 emissions are possible at inlet SO2 values of 1500 mg/m3 and 1800 mg/m3, respectively, as compared to general operating conditions. Similarly, nearly 42% and 28% reduction in Hg emissions are possible at inlet SO2 values of 1500 mg/m3 and 1800 mg/m3, respectively, as compared to general operating conditions. The findings are useful for minimizing the emissions from coal power plants and the development of optimum operating strategies for the LSFO FGD system.

Carbon Dioxide Removal by Using Absorption Process with 5M Aqueous Solution of 2-(Methylamino)Ethanol

2015 ◽  
Vol 1125 ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
Kreangkrai Maneeintr ◽  
Pimon Iamareerat ◽  
Poomsup Manonukul ◽  
Suttichai Assabumrungrat ◽  
Tawatchai Charinpanitkul
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Circulation Rate ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
The Cost

For petroleum industries, CO2 can cause corrosion, and heating-value reduction. However, CO2 can be used to enhance the oil recovery for oil production. However, the amount of CO2 supply is not enough because the cost of carbon capture is high. The main sources of CO2 come from power generation. The technology to capture CO2 is carbon capture and storage or CCS. Currently, the effective technology to remove CO2 from the power plants is chemical absorption and chemicals used in this technology play a key role. Nowadays, the commercially used solvents are monoethanolamine (MEA). Nevertheless, it also has disadvantages such as low capacity and high energy requirement for regeneration thus making CCS costly. Therefore, many new solvents such as 2-(methylamino) ethanol or 2-MAE have been developed to improve efficiency and to reduce the cost of CO2 capture. Therefore, the objective of this work is to measure the solubility data of CO2 in a 5M aqueous solution of 2-MAE as a promising solvent at the temperature from 30 °C to 80 °C and CO2 partial pressures ranging from 5 to 100 kPa. The solubility results of CO2 in 2-MAE solution are compared with those of aqueous solution of MEA. In term of cyclic capacities, the results show that 2-MAE provides higher performance which is up to 86.8% and 150.9% higher than that of MEA at 15 and 100 kPa, respectively. Furthermore, the results present that the CO2 loading can increase as partial pressure increases and decrease at higher temperature. It can be concluded that an increase in cyclic capacity leads to the decrease in energy requirement for solution regeneration and liquid-circulation rate, leading to the reduction of the overall capital and operating costs and resulting in the decrease in cost of carbon capture.

Numerical Characterization of a Novel Staged Combustion Concept Applied to Oxy-Fuel Carbon Capture Technology

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Goanta ◽  
Jan-Peter Bohn ◽  
Maximilian Blume ◽  
Xinmeng Li ◽  
Hartmut Spliethoff
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Numerical Characterization ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Experimental Values

In oxy-combustion the fuel is burnt in a mixture of oxygen and recirculated flue gas to keep the temperature inside the furnace to levels similar to conventional combustion. This eliminates the atmospheric nitrogen from the process, leading to a flue gas consisting mainly of carbon dioxide and water vapor. Further on, the CO2 can be separated for storage purposes. A major drawback of the conventional oxy-fuel combustion technology consists in the high amount of flue gas that has to be recirculated in order to control the temperature level inside the furnace. A novel oxy-fuel firing concept based on a combination of pulverized coal burners operating under non-stoichiometric conditions is investigated as a solution for lowering the necessary flue gas recirculation rate, while keeping the temperature inside the furnace at feasible levels. This paper presents a numerical analysis of the most relevant aspects for this new firing concept, such as process specifics and limitations, burner design criteria, aerodynamic characterization of the near burner zone, flame ignition and temperature. First the process is defined via thermodynamic calculations which are necessary to establish the operating conditions and to generate sets of parameters for the design phase of the burners. Subsequently the parameters generated in the first phase are used as boundary conditions for the design of the burners via CFD simulations. The CFD code used in this study is updated for oxy-firing conditions with the recent developments in terms of gas phase reactions, char conversion modeling and radiative heat transfer in high temperature atmospheres with elevated CO2 concentration. Additionally, the most relevant aspects regarding the validation of the CFD code against in-flame experimental values are presented and discussed. The simulations show good agreement with the averaged experimental data collected along the flame centerline.

scholarly journals The Prototype of Non-thermal Plasma After treatment System for Simultaneous Reduction of Nitrogen Oxide Emission in Flue Gas

2021 ◽  
Vol 302 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
Dararat Laohalertdecha ◽  
Kampanart Theinnoi ◽  
Sak Sittichompoo
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Non Thermal Plasma

Nowadays, global warming is the main environmental problems all over the world. The air pollutants mainly from the burning of fossil fuels and coal in power plants, transportation, and automobiles. There are release major point emission of the atmosphere. The nitrogen oxides are the most relevant for air pollution that contribute to the formation of photochemical smog and acid rain. Numerous methods have been studied to eliminate the nitrogen oxides such as the use low-nitrogen fuels technology, the selective catalytic reduction (SCR), wet scrubbing. The aim of this research is investigated non-thermal plasma (NTP) techniques offer an innovation to eliminate both nitrogen oxide (NOx) and soot emissions from combustion. This study is used to selectively transfer input electrical energy to electrons without expending this in heating the entire gas flow which creates free radicals in the flue gases. The simulated flue gas from combustion process is applied to the system. The results showed that the prototype of nonthermal plasma system is shown the highly efficient of NOx removal was achieved. However, the optimised of NTP operating conditions are required to enhance the NOx reduction activities.

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