scholarly journals Immobilization of Metanil Yellow Decolorizing Mixed Culture FN3 Using Gelling Gum as Matrix for Bioremediation Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Fatin Natasha Amira Muliadi ◽  
Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi ◽  
Samsuri Bin Abdul Wahid ◽  
Siti Salwa Abd Gani ◽  
Khairil Mahmud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Gellan Gum ◽  
The Media ◽  
Metanil Yellow ◽  
Immobilized Beads

In this study, the Metanil Yellow (MY) decolorizing mixed culture, namely FN3, has been isolated from agriculture soil. The mixed culture was immobilized using gellan gum. In order to optimize the immobilization process for maximal dye decolorization, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was performed. The optimal conditions for immobilization predicted by desirability function are 130 mg/L of MY dye concentration, 1.478% of gellan gum concentration, 50 beads and 0.6 cm of beads size with the percentage of decolorization of 90.378%. The correlation coefficients of the model (R2 and R2 adj) are 0.9767 and 0.9533, respectively. This indicates that the established model is suitable to predict the effectiveness of dye decolorization under the investigated condition. The immobilized beads of mixed culture FN3 were able to be reused up to 15 batches of decolorization. The immobilized cells also have high tolerance towards heavy metals. This was proven by higher dye decolorization rate by the immobilized cells even with the addition of heavy metals in the media. The decolorization potential of the mixed culture indicates that it could be useful for future bioremediation of soil contaminated sites and treatment solutions of water bodies polluted with MY dye.

scholarly journals Biostimulation of Microbial Communities from Malaysian Agricultural Soil for Detoxification of Metanil Yellow Dye; a Response Surface Methodological Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Fatin Natasha Amira Muliadi ◽  
Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi ◽  
Samsuri Bin Abdul Wahid ◽  
Siti Salwa Abd Gani ◽  
Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Mixed Bacterial Culture ◽  
Metanil Yellow

In the present study, a mixed culture from a local agricultural soil sample was isolated for Metanil Yellow (MY) dye decolorization. The metagenomic analysis confirmed that 42.6% has been dominated by genus Bacillus, while Acinetobacter (14.0%) is present in the microbial communities of the mixed culture. For fungi diversity analysis, around 97.0% was “unclassified” fungi and 3% was Candida. The preliminary investigation in minimal salt media (MSM) showed that 100% decolorization was achieved after 24 h of incubation. Response surface methodology (RSM) was successfully applied using Box-Behnken design (BBD) to study the effect of four independent parameters—MY dye concentration, glucose concentration, ammonium sulfate concentration, and pH—on MY dye decolorization by the mixed bacterial culture. The optimal conditions predicted by the desirability function were 73 mg/L of MY, 1.934% glucose, 0.433 g/L of ammonium sulfate, and a pH of 7.097, with 97.551% decolorization The correlation coefficients (R2 and R2 adj) of 0.913 and 0.825 indicate that the established model is suitable to predict the effectiveness of dye decolorization under the investigated condition. The MY decolorization of the mixed bacterial culture was not affected by the addition of heavy metals in the growth media. Among the 10 heavy metals tested, only copper gave 56.19% MY decolorization, whereas the others gave almost 100% decolorization. The decolorization potential of the mixed bacterial culture indicates that it could be effective for future bioremediation of soil-contaminated sites and treatment solutions of water bodies polluted with the MY dye.

scholarly journals Removal of Metanil Yellow by Batch Biosorption from Aqueous Phase on Egg Membrane: Equilibrium and Isotherm Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (04) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Beniah Obinna Isiuku ◽  
Francis Chizoruo Ibe
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Egg Membrane ◽  
Metanil Yellow ◽  
Batch Biosorption ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Hen Egg

The biosorption of metanil yellow on hen egg membrane from aqueous solution in a batch process was investigated at 29oC with a view to determine the potential of the membrane in removing metanil yellow from aqueous solution.  The effects of contact time, initial biosorbate concentration, biosorbent dosage and initial biosorbate pH were determined. Various isotherm models were used to analyze experimental data. The highest experimental equilibrium biosorption capacity obtained was 129.88 mg/g. The optimum pH was 3. Adsorption capacity increased with increase in initial solution concentration but decreased with increase in time. The isotherm models applied were good fits based on correlation coefficients. Flory-Huggins isotherm was the best fit (R2 0.986). The biosorption was endothermic, good, physisorptive and spontaneous. This work shows that hen egg membrane is a potential biosorbent for the removal of metanil yellow from aqueous solution.

Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by a mixed culture and its component pure cultures, obtained from PAH-contaminated soil

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 470-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Trzesicka-Mlynarz ◽  
O. P. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
The Media

A mixed culture, isolated from soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), grew on and degraded fluoranthene in aqueous media supplemented with glucose, yeast extract, and peptone. Increased complex nitrogen levels in the medium promoted bacterial growth and a greater extent of fluoranthene degradation. Amendment of the media with high glucose levels also diminished specific fluoranthene degradation. The mixed culture was capable of degrading a range of other PAHs, including benzo[a]pyrene, anthracene, phenanthrene, acenaphthene, and fluorene. The mixed culture contained four predominant isolates, all of which were Gram-negative rods, three of which were identified as Pseudomonas putida, Flavobacterium sp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Better degradation of a defined PAH mixture was observed with the mixed culture than with individual isolates. A reconstituted culture, prepared by combining the four individual isolates, manifested a similar PAH biodegradation performance to the original mixed culture. When compared with the mixed culture, individual isolates exhibited a relatively good capacity to remove more water-soluble PAHs (acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene). In contrast, removal of less water-soluble PAHs (anthracene and pyrene) was low or negligible with isolated cultures compared with the mixed culture.Key words: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, mixed culture, fluoranthene, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium.

scholarly journals Enhanced Carbofuran Degradation Using Immobilized and Free Cells of Enterobacter sp. Isolated from Soil

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Umar Mustapha ◽  
Normala Halimoon ◽  
Wan Lutfi Wan Johari ◽  
Mohd. Yunus Abd Shukor
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Free Cell ◽  
Gellan Gum ◽  
Suspended Cell ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Free Cells ◽  
Degradation Activity ◽  
Freely Suspended ◽  
Suspended Cells

Extensive use of carbofuran insecticide harms the environment and human health. Carbofuran is an endocrine disruptor and has the highest acute toxicity to humans than all groups of carbamate pesticides used. Carbofuran is highly mobile in soil and soluble in water with a lengthy half-life (50 days). Therefore, it has the potential to contaminate groundwater and nearby water bodies after rainfall events. A bacterial strain BRC05 was isolated from agricultural soil characterized and presumptively identified as Enterobacter sp. The strain was immobilized using gellan gum as an entrapment material. The effect of different heavy metals and the ability of the immobilized cells to degrade carbofuran were compared with their free cell counterparts. The results showed a significant increase in the degradation of carbofuran by immobilized cells compared with freely suspended cells. Carbofuran was completely degraded within 9 h by immobilized cells at 50 mg/L, while it took 12 h for free cells to degrade carbofuran at the same concentration. Besides, the immobilized cells completely degraded carbofuran within 38 h at 100 mg/L. On the other hand, free cells degraded the compound in 68 h. The viability of the freely suspended cell and degradation efficiency was inhibited at a concentration greater than 100 mg/L. Whereas, the immobilized cells almost completely degraded carbofuran at 100 mg/L. At 250 mg/L concentration, the rate of degradation decreased significantly in free cells. The immobilized cells could also be reused for about nine cycles without losing their degradation activity. Hence, the gellan gum-immobilized cells of Enterobacter sp. could be potentially used in the bioremediation of carbofuran in contaminated soil.

Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution by Three Plants at Zihu River in Nanjing, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 535 ◽  
pp. 403-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Shen ◽  
Qin Chen ◽  
Kai Mei Zhang ◽  
Yan Ming Fang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract. The concentrations of heavy metals (As, Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni and Pb) were measured in the water, sediment, and three common plants (Rorippa indica,Rumex acetosaandOrychophragmus violaceus) from Nanjing Forestry University reach of Zihu River, China. Results showed that the toxic threshold values exceeded the upper limits for Cd and Mn in water. In the same way, toxic threshold values exceeded the limitation for As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in sediment. Overproof Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were also found in rhizosphere soil. Average concentration of Zn was higher in sediment, followed by Mn in both water and rhizosphere soil. It was found that heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, As and Zn) in water may be mainly derived from metal processing, electroplating industries, industrial wastewater, and domestic sewage. Positive correlation was observed between As and Cu, As and Ni, Cr and Pb, Cu and Ni, Pb and Zn in water. Moreover, significant positive correlations between Ni and As were observed. Preliminary judgment showed that sediment has a depuration effect on As, Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb and Zn in water, according to correlation coefficients of water and sediment. Comparing the relations between sediment and rhizosphere soil, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the rhizosphere soil were mainly from the sediment, and Mn was mainly from water. Three plants played active roles on enrichment of As, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, particularly, Zn and Mn can be accumulated to higher concentration in these three plants. As content in rhizosphere soil was found to be lower than sediment, indicating As was most absorbed by the plants. Thus, three plants were playing a potential role in environment inductors.

Correlations of extractable heavy metals with organic matters in contaminated river sediments

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.-J. Tsai ◽  
S.-T. Ho ◽  
K.-C. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aqua Regia ◽  
Organic Matters ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Almost All

In southern Taiwan, almost all the main rivers have been contaminated by anthropogenic heavy metals and organic matters. The main pollution sources include agricultural, industrial, and domestic activities. River sediments potentially have large capacities to accumulate heavy metals and organic matters when the river water flows through it. The sediments sampled from high contaminated river (the Yenshui River) and moderately contaminated rivers (the Tsengwen, Chishui, Potzu, and Peikang Rivers) were used to realize correlations between each kind of aqua regia extractable heavy metals (Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Mn, and Fe) and organic matters in vertical sediment cores. Organic matters and aqua regia extractable heavy metal concentrations, analyzed by strong acid-digested extraction, were determined in vertical profile segments from downstream sediments of the five rivers. Sum of six aqua regia extractable heavy metals (Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb) were below 3,000 mg/kg in sediments of the Yenshui River, and below 500 mg/kg in the other four rivers' sediments. Strongly positive correlations (r = 0.83-0.95) between each kind of aqua regia extractable heavy metals and organic matters (concentration range between 0.6 to 3.8%) were observed in sediments of the Yenshui River. The slopes of the linear regressive lines approximated the average metal complexation ratios with organic matters in the sediments. In sediments of the other four rivers, smaller positive correlation coefficients between aqua regia extractable heavy metals and organic matters (below 2.6%) were observed. The complexation ratios derived from the four moderately polluted river sediments were smaller than those derived from the highly contaminated river sediments, indicating that the importance of organic matters in the accumulation of heavy metals in river sediments.

scholarly journals Enhanced Removal of a Pesticides Mixture by Single Cultures and Consortia of Free and ImmobilizedStreptomycesStrains

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
María S. Fuentes ◽  
Gabriela E. Briceño ◽  
Juliana M. Saez ◽  
Claudia S. Benimeli ◽  
María C. Diez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Antagonistic Effects ◽  
Pure Cultures

Pesticides are normally used to control specific pests and to increase the productivity in crops; as a result, soils are contaminated with mixtures of pesticides. In this work, the ability ofStreptomycesstrains (either as pure or mixed cultures) to remove pentachlorophenol and chlorpyrifos was studied. The antagonism among the strains and their tolerance to the toxic mixture was evaluated. Results revealed that the strains did not have any antagonistic effects and showed tolerance against the pesticides mixture. In fact, the growth of mixed cultures was significantly higher than in pure cultures. Moreover, a pure culture (Streptomycessp. A5) and a quadruple culture had the highest pentachlorophenol removal percentages (10.6% and 10.1%, resp.), whileStreptomycessp. M7 presented the best chlorpyrifos removal (99.2%). Mixed culture of allStreptomycesspp. when assayed either as free or immobilized cells showed chlorpyrifos removal percentages of 40.17% and 71.05%, respectively, and for pentachlorophenol 5.24% and 14.72%, respectively, suggesting better removal of both pesticides by using immobilized cells. These results reveal that environments contaminated with mixtures of xenobiotics could be successfully cleaned up by using either free or immobilized cultures ofStreptomyces, throughin situorex situremediation techniques.

Bioremediation of Dredged Sediments Polluted by Heavy Metals

2007 ◽  
Vol 20-21 ◽  
pp. 307-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Beolchini ◽  
S. Ubaldini ◽  
B. Passariello ◽  
N. Gül ◽  
D. Türe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Sediment Sample ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Adriatic Coast ◽  
Harbour Sediment ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Subsequent Activity

The present work deals with a bioremediation study of a heavy-metal polluted harbour sediment, obtained from the Italian Adriatic Coast. Bioleaching of the sediment sample was performed with a mixed culture of acidophilic, chemi-autotrophic Fe/S oxidising bacteria. The effect of an anaerobic biostimulation pre-treatment on the extent of Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Hg, As, Cr extraction by bioleaching was evaluated. The biostimulation pre-treatment was intended to stimulate autochthonous sulfate reducing strains, to enhance the sulfide fraction in the sediment, to favour subsequent activity of reduced-sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in the subsequent bioaugmentation (bioleaching). The effect of the duration of anaerobic pre-treatment (21 and 30 days) in the presence and absence of 1% glucose was tested. The results obtained showed that the activity of the reducedsulfur- oxidising strains was significantly enhanced after an anaerobic pre-treatment of the sediments and showed real promise for the application of bioleaching for metal polluted sediments.

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