scholarly journals Relationship between Panic Buying and Per Capita Income during COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9968
Author(s):  
Hugo T. Y. Yoshizaki ◽  
Irineu de Brito Junior ◽  
Celso Mitsuo Hino ◽  
Larrisa Limongi Aguiar ◽  
Maria Clara Rodrigues Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Toilet Paper ◽  
Income Data ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The City

Panic buying and hoarding express common human behavior in times of crisis. Early in COVID-19, as the pandemic crisis intensified, toilet paper was one of the emblematic cases of panic buying. Using a Geographic Information System (GIS) to cross official per capita income data and real toilet paper transactions obtained from groceries spread around the city of São Paulo (Brazil), this study compares sales levels during the period in which panic purchases took place to the sales levels off that period. As expected, that data disclose noticeable panic buying. Regression analysis reveals that there is a significant positive correlation between average income per capita and panic buying. The results also indicate that panic buying happens in every income class, including low-income ones and contribute to enhancing the understanding of demand behavior during periods of crisis.

Convergence of Spanish Regions, 1990-2003. A New Approach Using Stochastic Dominance Techniques

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmelo García ◽  
Ismael Ahamdanech ◽  
Mercedes Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Dominance ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Economic Convergence ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Spanish Regions ◽  
Income Data ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
New Statistics ◽  
Empirical Methodology

The traditional analysis of economic convergence between countries or regions is usually performed by comparing distribution means, such as per-capita income. This kind of analysis, which is intimately related to the economic welfare of a society, presents, however, only a partial approach to measuring economic convergence, given that the disparities within regions or countries are not considered. The empirical methodology used in this article complements the traditional convergence approach, introducing efficiency and inequality aspects of income distribution. Using first and second stochastic dominance, the convergence among Spanish regions from 1990 to 2003 is studied by means of two new statistics developed here. Per-capita income data taken from the Encuesta de Presupuestos Familiares (EPF [the Spanish Household Budget Survey]) of 1990-1991 and the Spanish Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) of 2003 are employed to make the comparisons. We find that a divergence process is taking place in Spain between rich and poor regions

scholarly journals Analysis of Factors Affecting Human Development Index in the City of Binjai

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
Elisabet Novita Barus ◽  
HB. Tarmizi ◽  
Rahmanta .
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Shopping Area ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The City

This study aims to analyze the Factors That Affect Human Development Index in the City of Binjai with variable observations shopping area in the field of health, education, population, and income per capita. This research is causality by performing multiple regression analysis (Multiple Regression Analysis). The Data used is the data of the year 2005 up to 2019 are presented per semester (n=30 samples). The results of the study concluded that the shopping area in the field of health, expenditure on education, expenditure in the field of population, and per capita income is able to influence the human development index in the local government of the City of Binjai. Based on the value of the coefficient of determination (r-square) of all the variables, it was concluded that per capita income is a variable dominant that affect the human development index in the local government of the City of Binjai. Keywords: The Human Development Index, A Shopping Area In The Field Of Health, Expenditure On Education, Expenditure In The Field Of Population, And Per Capita Income.

scholarly journals DAYA SAING EKONOMI PROVINSI JAMBI

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
Sudirman Sudirman ◽  
Susilawati Susilawati
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Type I ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Typology Analysis ◽  
The City

In this study, we want to see the economic basis and pattern of economic structure in JambiProvince, This study uses secondary data, namely Jambi Provisional PDRB and 11 municipaldistricts in Jambi province in 2010 - 2017 in this study to see the basis of the economy and the mixof economic sectors in Jambi province using the LQ model and the classification typology. Theresults of this study indicate that from the results of the classic typology analysis, it can be seen thatthe patterns and structure of economic growth from 9 districts and 2 cities in Jambi Province, WestTanjung Jabung and East Tanjung Jabung districts are classified into Quadrant III decliningprosperous regions (potential to be left behind ), which means that the rate of growth and incomeper capita of Tanjung Jabung Barat district is higher than the per capita income of Jambi Provinceand the growth rate of Tanjung Jabung Barat district is lower than the rate of growth of JambiProvince. Whereas the City of Full Sei is classified into the prospereus quadrant type I area whichmeans that the per capita income of Sei Full City is greater than the income of the Perkapita ofJambi Province and the growth rate of the city of Full Sei is greater than the Growth Rate in JambiProvince.

scholarly journals STAGE OF HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF PRIVATE VEHICLE OWNERSHIP IN THE CITY OF BARCELONA

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Perez Diez ◽  
José Magin Campos Cacheda ◽  
Julià Cabrerizo Sinca
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Vehicle Ownership ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The City

Transport demand and private motor vehicle ownership (cars and motorcycles) are generally related to the socio-economic development, increasing urbanization, public policies and rising per capita income. Private motor vehicle ownership varies between countries and geographical regions. However, it tends to have some common patterns in its historical evolution. So that during the early stages of development, the rate of motorization increased mainly by acquisitions of PTWs (mopeds and motorcycles). As the economy grows, the increase in per capita income stimulates a shift from PTWs to cars, which are preferred for their safety, versatility, comfort and social status. The increasing use of cars contributes to raising travel costs (congestion, parking constraints, accidents, pollution), that coupled with public policies to discourage car use, tends to favour modal shifts from cars to public transport and in some regions also to PTWs. This study analyze the historical evolution of private motor vehicle ownership in Spain (cars and motorcycles), and identify the stage in which is the city of Barcelona, characterized by the high use of PTWs.  The increase use of PTWs is a common phenomenon in some major European cities and suggests a continuous future growth in developed countries and congested urban areas, that is not in line with the assumptions of some models, which predict that in the long-run there will be a decrease in use of PTWs with high income per capita levels.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3497

scholarly journals Income and Unemployment Are Associated with Proportion of Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative Facilities in US States (OR30-01-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Benjamin-Neelon ◽  
Sarah Gonzalez-Nahm ◽  
Brian Neelon
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
State Level ◽  
Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
American Hospital ◽  
Us States ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Objectives The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) is a global effort designed to enhance the health of mothers and their newborn infants by protecting, promoting, and supporting breastfeeding. Evidence has shown that BFHI hospitals can help reduce disparities in breastfeeding rates—especially in low-income communities. We aimed to evaluate the geographic distribution of BFHI hospitals, considering the socioeconomic factors of income and unemployment in the US. Methods We considered all hospitals within each state. We categorized hospitals as having the BFHI designation (“established”), being on the formal path to obtaining this designation (“emerging”), and not having the designation. We obtained a list of hospitals from the American Hospital Association's annual survey and information on BFHI designation from Baby-Friendly USA. We further obtained state-level employment and income information from census data and ranked states into quintiles for each variable. We then conducted separate one-way analysis of variance tests to compare the mean % of BFHI hospitals and mean state-level 1) per capita income, and 2) unemployment rates separated into quintiles. We examined all BFHI hospitals that were established and emerging separately. Finally, we created maps using ArcGIS, overlaying the location of all hospitals on the socioeconomic data. Results Our sample included 2,589 hospitals from all US states and the District of Columbia. Of those, 519 were established BFHI hospitals (Figure 1) and 298 were emerging (Figure 2). We found that higher unemployment was associated with a greater percentage of emerging but not established BFHI hospitals were present in states in the highest quintile for unemployment (P = 0.01). Similarly for income, we observed a greater percentage of emerging BFHI hospitals in states with both the lowest and highest quintiles of per-capita income (P = 0.003). Conclusions Emerging BFHI hospitals were present at a higher percentage in states in the highest quintile for unemployment and the lowest quintile for income. These emerging hospitals are on the pathway to achieving the BFHI designation, which may ultimately help reduce socioeconomic disparities in breastfeeding. Interestingly, states in the highest quintile for income also had a high percentage of emerging BFHI hospitals. Funding Sources W.K. Kellogg Foundation. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Divergence, Big Time

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lant Pritchett
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
Per Capita

Historical data are unnecessary to demonstrate that perhaps the basic fact of modern economic history is massive absolute divergence in per capita income across countries. A plausible lower bound on per capita income can be combined with estimates of its current level in the poorer countries to place an upper bound on long-run income growth. Between 1870 and 1990, the ratio of richest to poorest countries' income increased from roughly 9 to 1 to 45 to 1, the standard deviation of (natural log) per capita income doubled, and the average income gap between the richest and all other countries grew nearly tenfold from $1,286 to $12,000.

scholarly journals Post-Covid-19 Recovery and Resilience

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Ganum ◽  
Vimal Thakoor
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Social Vulnerabilities

Covid-19 has exacerbated economic and social vulnerabilities across Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). There is a risk that growth could be lower for longer, with a setback to development. Post-pandemic reforms thus become even more important, especially with constrained scope for fiscal and monetary stimuli. Reforms could boost per capita growth by an additional 0.3-1.3 percentage points, relative to the 1.9 percent average since 2010. Such growth would reduce per capita income doubling time from 37 years to about 22 years. Low-income countries stand to gain the most from reforms. The largest gains come from governance, products markets, and factor accumulation. Importantly, these reforms can be implemented in the post-pandemic environment characterized by weaker social and distributional outcomes.

scholarly journals Faktor yang Memengaruhi Financial Satisfaction pada Masyarakat Kabupaten Pamekasan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Dinda Arfiana Rusdini
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Financial Satisfaction ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Management Behaviour ◽  
Financial Anxiety ◽  
Income Data ◽  
Per Capita

The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of income, debt, and financial literacy on financial satisfaction through financial management behaviour as a mediating variable. This causality research using per capita income data from BPS shows that Pamekasan district has the lowest per capita income so that Pamekasan district as an object with a total sample of 193 respondents by offline questionnaire. Using SEM techniques and processed with AMOS tools, the conclusion is that only financial literacy influences financial management behaviour because of their high savings awareness. Income does not influence financial satisfaction because even their income is high enough, but they still have high debt. Debt does not affect financial satisfaction because having debt does not necessarily cause financial anxiety. Some respondents have debt and have financial satisfaction, but some do not. Financial literacy has no influence on financial satisfaction but influences financial management behaviour, and financial management behaviour has not been able to meditate because their saving behaviour is unable to increase their satisfaction

Learning from the Past: A Fifty-year Perspective on Pakistan’s Development (Distinguishedl Lecture)

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4I) ◽  
pp. 355-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvez Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Average Income ◽  
The Past ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Economic Ground ◽  
Per Capita

In some ways, Pakistan’s economic growth since 1947 has been remarkable. The country’s economic viability was considered, in some quarters,1 in serious doubt at its emergence, but it has managed, despite a quadrupling of the population, to bring about significant improvement in the average living standards. Per capita GNP growth, on average around 2 percent per annum over a long stretch of nearly fifty years, has been the best among countries of the subcontinent. This growth has meant an increase in average income of about 150 percent over 1950–96. But Pakistan, like many other developing countries, has not been able to narrow the gap between itself and rich industrial nations which have grown faster on a per head basis. Also, Pakistan has lost substantial economic ground to the rapidly growing economies of East Asia notably China, South Korea, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. In 1960, South Korea’s per capita income was only marginally ahead of Pakistan’s. In the short period of one generation, Korea had an income level which on purchasing power parity basis five times that of Pakistan in 1995. On the same basis, Thailand and Malaysia enjoyed a per capita income advantage of 200 to 300 percent over Pakistan (Table 2).

Economic and Social Indicators of Rural Development from an Economic Viewpoint

1972 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clark Edwards ◽  
Robert Coltrane
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
General Level ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Economic Development And Growth ◽  
Per Capita

A disproportionately large share of our economic development problems, involving maldistributions of population, employment, and income, is found in rural areas. Although these problems directly affect the residents of rural areas, they are linked to economic problems in urban areas. Per capita income comparisons indicate the differential effects of economic development on the population. For example, per capita incomes of residents outside metropolitan areas are only about 71 percent of those in the orban-oriented ones. In addition, about one-third of all families live in nonmetropolitan areas, but over half of all low income families live there. Further, large geographic areas such as the Appalachian, Mississippi Delta, and Ozark regions are below the Nation as a whole in terms of the general level of economic development. Even in the urban centers of these rural regions, the average resident has not commensurately participated in the benefits derived from our Nation's economic development and growth. Comparisons of per capita income for different years show these maldistributions have persisted for decades.

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