scholarly journals Efficient Expenditure Allocation for Sustainable Public Services?—Comparative Cases of Korea and OECD Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9501
Author(s):  
Dong Jin Shin ◽  
Byung Sub Cha ◽  
Brian H.S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Government Expenditures ◽  
Welfare Expenditures ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
High Level

There have been contrasting trends in government expenditures spending among OECD countries. This study analyzed and compared the efficiency of government expenditures of OECD countries and Korea, focused on the health and welfare and social overhead capital (SOC) sectors, using data envelop analysis (DEA) and Tobit methods. Based on the indicator values of national ranking, Korea ranked 19th in the health and welfare sector and 10th in the SOC sector. However, compared to other countries in the OECD, Korea’s government expenditure has shown the highest efficiency in health and welfare (rank 1 with efficiency score of 2.401), while transportation SOC was at a level below the average (rank 13 with efficiency score of 0.813). In order to maintain a high level of efficiency in health and welfare expenditures, it is important for the Korean government to understand and improve conditions of the rates of poverty, unemployment, life expectancy, and low fertility. Moreover, in order to overcome the low level of efficiency in the SOC sector, the government needs to improve the quality of transport infrastructures along with implementation of an effective infrastructure-linking system between various modes of transportation, thereby enhancing its transport network density.

scholarly journals Assessment of bacteriological quality of drinking water from various sources in Amritsar district of northern India

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
pp. 844-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sita Malhotra ◽  
Shailpreet K Sidhu ◽  
Pushpa Devi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

Introduction: Safe water is a precondition for health and development and is a basic human right, yet it is still denied to hundreds of millions of people throughout the developing world. Water-related diseases caused by insufficient safe water supplies, coupled with poor sanitation and hygiene, cause 3.4 million deaths a year, mostly in children. Methodology: The present study was conducted on 1,317 drinking water samples from various water sources in Amritsar district in northern India. All the samples were analyzed to assess bacteriological quality of water for presumptive coliform count by the multiple tube test. Results: A total of 42.9% (565/1,317) samples from various sources were found to be unfit for human consumption. Of the total 565 unsatisfactory samples, 253 were from submersible pumps, 197 were from taps of piped supply (domestic/public), 79 were from hand pumps, and 36 were from various other sources A significantly high level of contamination was observed in samples collected from submersible pumps (47.6%) and water tanks (47.3%), as these sources of water are more exposed and liable to contamination. Conclusions: Despite continuous efforts by the government, civil society, and the international community, over a billion people still do not have access to improved water resources. Bacteriological assessment of all sources of drinking should be planned and conducted on regular basis to prevent waterborne dissemination of diseases.

Tourism suppliers’ view of the role of government initiatives and tourism competitiveness in distressed contexts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erisher Woyo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Government Involvement ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
High Level

This chapter analyses the role of government initiatives in tourism competitiveness, using data collected from suppliers operating in a distressed tourist destination. The government’s involvement in the process of tourism development, especially in developing countries, is critical. The role and participation of governments in tourism development vary from minimal to a high level of involvement. Developing economies with ongoing political and economic challenges like Zimbabwe have not been comprehensively researched, especially on the nexus between competitiveness and government initiatives. Using qualitative data from a convenience sample of 15 hospitality and tourism managers in Zimbabwe, it was found that the role of government is important for enhancing tourism competitiveness. The study concludes that a higher level of government involvement is needed for Zimbabwe to enhance competitiveness. The government should play a greater role, especially in providing an enabling environment for improved competitiveness while reducing corruption.

scholarly journals Factor Analysis for Slow Budget Realization

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-50
Author(s):  
Abdurrohman Maman ◽  
Marsus Soffan
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Organizational Culture ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Quality Of Work ◽  
Small Absorption ◽  
The Government ◽  
Culture Competence

The government of Indonesia has long experienced an uneven pattern of budget realization. Our budget realization is characterized by small absorption in the first three-quarters and then piled up in the last quarter. An increase in spending at the end of the year eventually led to the quality of work on the national economy, which is not considered optimal. Through factor analysis, the researchers reviewed what factors are causing slow realization of the budget, especially for spending unit in the working area of KPPN Jakarta II. Several studies have been conducted to determine the problem, including Herriyanto (2012), BKF, LPEM-UI and IBRD (2012), Siswanto and Rahayu (2010), Miliasih (2012), Widjanarko (2013), and Fitriany (2015). Based on the factor analysis that has been conducted, it was found six factors that often slow down the realization of central government expenditure, especially for spending unit in working area of KPPN Jakarta II. The six factors include coordination, organizational culture, competence, technical constraints, administrative, and document. These six factors are derived from 27 indicators that were processed through the standard factor analysis, i.e. correlation between variables Kaiser Mayer Olkin (KMO), variables distribution and rotation of factors.

scholarly journals Healthcare Expenditure Efficiency Analysis Regarding to Healthcare Access in 34 Provinces in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Aron
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Health Personnel ◽  
Healthcare Expenditure ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
World Health ◽  
General Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Health Organization

According to World Health Organization (WHO) office for Indonesia, in 2015, Indonesia’s general government expenditure on health as % of GDP became one of the lowest in the world with 1,5% (Rp21,1T). This number depicts the fact that Indonesia’s HDI is only 0.689, positioning it at 113 out of 188 countries and territories. Nevertheless low HDI score in Indonesia is caused by inefficiency in healthcare expenditure. This is the main focus of this paper.This paper has two main objectives, primarily comparison between all provinces in Indonesia, we estimate technical efficiency of expenditure on healthcare. Second, is to analyze the factors that create inequality of healthcare access in Indonesia. We calculated technical efficiency in healthcare expenditure by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) among 34 provinces in Indonesia in 2015. The DEA method uses 2 inputs, the realization of health deconcentration funds and realization of healthcare assistance, and the outputs are medication of malnutrition case, childbirth assisted by health personnel, treated diarrhea by health personnel, coverage of cured pulmonary tuberculosis, and measles vaccination.The results from DEA shows us that North Sumatera, DKI Jakarta, West Java, East java, and South Sulawesi have the highest efficiency score. Those cities have 1 efficiency score of expenditure on healthcare. In the other hand Bangka Belitung Island has the lowest efficiency score among 34 provinces in Indonesia. Notwithstanding we infer, currently there are several provinces still cannot provide adequate healthcare because of inefficiency in budget spending such as Bangka Belitung Island, Gorontalo, and Maluku (3 lowest efficiency score).

scholarly journals INCREASING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF ORGANIZATIONS USING MANAGERIAL INNOVATIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Валентина ТИТОВА ◽  
Valentina TITOVA ◽  
Александр СУЛТАНОВ ◽  
Alexander SULTANOV
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Technical Innovations ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

The article is devoted to the issues of increasing the competitiveness of organizations using managerial innovations. In modern conditions, the main direction to achieve sustainable economic growth and improve the quality of life of the population is the development of innovation, the widespread use of innovative technologies, products, services and management. The Government of the Russian Federation set as long-term development goals – ensuring a high level of the well-being of the population, consolidating the geopolitical role of the country as one of the global leaders that determine the world political agenda. The authors note that the competitiveness of organizations depends on many factors, including the competitiveness and quality of goods and services, the capacity, accessibility and homogeneity of the market, the competitive positions of enterprises, the possibility of technical innovations in the industry and region’s and country’s competitiveness. However, the main way to increase the competitiveness of organizations is the transition of the economy to an innovative socially-oriented model of development. The article deals with the assessing the effectiveness of the managerial innovations application. Today, there are many problems associated with the assessment of the efficiency and effectiveness of their application in various organizations. The authors consider the concepts of "innovation" and "competitiveness", as well as methods for assessing the efficiency of managerial innovations..

scholarly journals A quantitative analysis of sources of changes in government expenditures on health, 2000 to 2015: what can we learn from experience to date?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Saxenian ◽  
Ipchita Bharali ◽  
Osondu Ogbuoji ◽  
Gavin Yamey
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Government Expenditures ◽  
Government Budget ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Current Health ◽  
Domestic Sources ◽  
The Government

Background: Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) requires increased domestic financing of health by low-income countries (LICs) and middle-income countries (MICs). It is critical to understand how much governments have devoted to health from their own sources and how much growth might be realistic over time. Methods: Using data from WHO’s Global Health Expenditure Database, we examined how the composition of current health expenditure changed by financing source and the main sources of growth in health expenditures from 2000-2015. We also disaggregated how much growth in government expenditures on health from domestic sources was due to economic growth, growth in the tax base, reallocations in government expenditures towards health, and the interactions of these factors. Results: Lower MICs (LMICs) and upper MICs (UMICs), as a group, saw a significant reduction in out-of-pocket expenditures and a significant growth in government expenditures on health from domestic sources as a share of current health expenditures over the period. This trend indicates likely progress in the pathway to UHC. For LICs, these trends were much more muted. Growth in government expenditure on health from domestic sources was driven primarily by economic growth in LICs, LMICs, and UMICs. Growth in government expenditure on health due to a strengthened tax base was most important in UMICs. For high-income countries, where economic growth was relatively slower and tax bases were already strong, the largest driver of growth in government expenditure on health from domestic sources was reallocation of the government budget towards health. Conclusions: Given these findings from 2000-2015, discussions about a government’s ability to reallocate to health from its overall budget need to be evidence based and pragmatic.  Dialogue on domestic resource mobilization needs to emphasize overall economic growth and growth in the tax base as well as the share of health in the government budget.

scholarly journals An Investigation of the E-Services Quality provided by Kuwait Government Portal

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 907-915
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Online Portal ◽  
Service Quality Evaluation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Portal ◽  
High Level

The unlimited development and extensive use of ICT has helped governments around the world to innovate and improve public services through the advantages of egovernment services. First step of this study was an attempt to measure the quality of e-services provided by the usercentric Kuwait Government Online Portal through investigating the quality standards of e-government services and different quality dimensions of e-government services as identified in the literature. Post examining E-service quality models one model was selected and used to validate the quality of e-services provided by the Kuwait Government Online Portal. A survey was presented to 486 valid participants through an online questionnaire. The result of the survey in general showed a diverse quality results which was around the range of “Neutral”. This could be due to having a large number of diverse e-services provided by more than 60 government agencies all enclosed in the Kuwait Government Online Portal. The second step of this study was to validate the result from the survey through conducting a semi-structured interviews by the authors with three top management officials at the government entity responsible for implementing e-government program in Kuwait. The interviews have revealed interesting insights, namely the existence of strong presence of silo-mentality in government entities which could be the main cause for not achieving integrated e-services. Future work will include studying specific e-services and defining suitable categorization that helps in determining their quality. The model that was used in this study was based on high-level dimensions that needs to be broken down into subdiminutions that could contribute to increasing the accuracy of the results of e-service quality evaluation. In addition, measuring the effect of silo-mentality of the government over the quality of e-services in Kuwait is desirable.

Performance Efficiency Measurement of Airports

2021 ◽  
pp. 748-767
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Manoj Kumar Dash ◽  
Rajendra Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Institutional Barriers ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Private Investors

This article describes how to improve the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the aviation sector and also to source extra funding, the Government of India has paved the way for private investors through to a Public Private Partnership (PPP) model since the 1980s. This liberalization step in the Indian aviation market has minimized the institutional barriers which have hindered the freedom and flexibility of air transport operations among private investors. Now, competition within the aviation sector has become fiercer; the Airports Authority of India (AAI) and Public Private Partnership (PPP) in Indian airports are not only providing varied services, but also attracting consumers with new infrastructure and full modern facilities. The importance of this article is because after privatization, no studies have been conducted to examine the efficiency of Indian airports by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). An output-oriented DEA model is employed to determine the efficiency score of airports by taking a sample of 15 airports, including airports run by PPP, for comparison. Output-oriented DEA calculates the efficiency by maximizing the outputs for a given level of inputs. Therefore, this article contributes to the existing literature on Indian airports. Based on available data, three variables - length of runways, terminal size and number of check-in counters, are used as inputs and two variables - passenger movement and aircraft movement, are used as outputs.

IMPLEMENTASI GERAKAN DESA MENGAJAR DALAM PENINGKATAN ANGKA MELEK HURUF DAN RATA-RATA LAMA SEKOLAH DI KABUPATEN BOGOR PROVINSI JAWA BARAT

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-89
Author(s):  
David Mayor ◽  
Ajeng Ayu Syafitri
Keyword(s):  
Education Services ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
District Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Village ◽  
Average School

Implementation of the Village Teaching Movement in Increasing Literacy Rates and Average School Length in Bogor Regency, , West Java Province . The Bogor District Government formed the Village Teaching Movement with the aim of increasing the accessibility of education and providing education services on non-formal channels. This study aims to find out how the implementation of the Village Teaching Movement Program in Increasing Literacy Numbers and the Average School Length in Bogor Regency, supporting and inhibiting factors, and efforts made by the government in overcoming these obstacles. This research was conceptualized based on the implementation theory proposed by George Edwards III with qualitative descriptive research methods and inductive approaches. Data obtained by using data collection techniques through interviews, observation, documentation, and triangulation. Data analysis techniques are used through data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The results of the study show  that the implementation of the Village Teaching Movement in Increasing Literacy and the Average School Length in Bogor Regency has been going well but has not been maximized. In the implementation of this program there were a number of obstacles including changes in policy, uneven socialization and low public participation. For this reason, the Bogor District Education Office seeks to improve the quality of education services and increase the establishment of junior high schools in a number of districts. Keywords: implementation, village teaching movement, education

The Psychology of Gaming and its Investment in Asia-Pacific

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
SHAWN ANDRE SCOTT ◽  
ZOSIMA A. PANARES
Keyword(s):  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Manila Bay ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Gaming Psychology

Gambling has been a component of almost all Asia-Pacific countries. Like other business enterprises, gambling has given large revenue to the government aside from entertaining its people. However, on the other hand, gambling has been the cause of lost lives, broken families, and deteriorating quality of life. But why do people gamble? This paper tried to answer that question using data from a variety of studies on the psychology of addiction to gambling and its socio-economic implications for the Asia-Pacific region.KEYWORDS: Gaming psychology, investment in gambling, gambling in investment,commercial gambling, Asia-Pacific region, Manila Bay Resorts

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