scholarly journals Assessment of bacteriological quality of drinking water from various sources in Amritsar district of northern India

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
pp. 844-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sita Malhotra ◽  
Shailpreet K Sidhu ◽  
Pushpa Devi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

Introduction: Safe water is a precondition for health and development and is a basic human right, yet it is still denied to hundreds of millions of people throughout the developing world. Water-related diseases caused by insufficient safe water supplies, coupled with poor sanitation and hygiene, cause 3.4 million deaths a year, mostly in children. Methodology: The present study was conducted on 1,317 drinking water samples from various water sources in Amritsar district in northern India. All the samples were analyzed to assess bacteriological quality of water for presumptive coliform count by the multiple tube test. Results: A total of 42.9% (565/1,317) samples from various sources were found to be unfit for human consumption. Of the total 565 unsatisfactory samples, 253 were from submersible pumps, 197 were from taps of piped supply (domestic/public), 79 were from hand pumps, and 36 were from various other sources A significantly high level of contamination was observed in samples collected from submersible pumps (47.6%) and water tanks (47.3%), as these sources of water are more exposed and liable to contamination. Conclusions: Despite continuous efforts by the government, civil society, and the international community, over a billion people still do not have access to improved water resources. Bacteriological assessment of all sources of drinking should be planned and conducted on regular basis to prevent waterborne dissemination of diseases.

scholarly journals Concentration of Total Organic Carbon and Its Fractions in Surface Water in Poland and Germany

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Patrycja Sobczak ◽  
Agata Rosińska
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Rhine River ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Biodegradable Dissolved Organic Carbon

Total organic carbon (TOC) present in surface water consists of different fractions like dissolved organic carbon (DOC) or biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC). BDOC may have an impact on the bacteriological quality of water as it can be a source of carbon and energy for microorganisms. It is important to consider this parameter in case of the distribution of drinking water. The aim of this research was to compare the qualities of chosen surface water in Poland and Germany in terms of concentration of total organic carbon and its fractions. The samples were taken from the reservoir in Poland and Rhine River in Germany. The first one is a source of drinking water for humans. The research showed that, considering the analyzed compounds, the water from the river has better quality.

Contamination of drinking water between source and point-of-use in rural households of South Africa and Zimbabwe: implications for monitoring the Millennium Development Goal for water

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen W. Gundry ◽  
James A. Wright ◽  
Ronan Conroy ◽  
Martella Du Preez ◽  
Bettina Genthe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Millennium Development Goal ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Quality Of Water

Aims: To assess contamination of drinking water in rural Zimbabwe and South Africa Methods: We conducted a cohort study of 254 children aged 12-24 months in rural South Africa and Zimbabwe. In dry and wet seasons, we measured water quality, using the indicator organism E. coli, at improved and unimproved sources, in household storage and drinking cups. We also recorded hygiene and socio-economic factors for each household. Results: For improved sources, samples with E. coli counts less than 10 cfu/100ml were as follows: at source: 165 (88%); in household storage 137 (59%); in drinking cups 91 (49%). The corresponding values for unimproved sources were: source 47 (29%); household storage 32 (19%); drinking cups 21 (18%). This significant deterioration in microbial quality of water from improved sources was seen in both countries and both survey rounds. Conclusion: Although improved sources generally delivered ‘safe’ water at the point-of-supply, 12% of source samples were contaminated and as such were ‘unsafe’. Furthermore, in household storage, more than 40% of samples were ‘unsafe’. For monitoring the Millennium Development Goal for water, UNICEF-WHO are assuming an equivalence between ‘improved’ sources and ‘safe’ water. Our findings suggest that this equivalence may be unsound.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Borehole, Pond and Well Water in Kashere Metropolis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Abdulkadir A. Gidado ◽  
Ibrahim Halliru ◽  
Christiana Anawuese Kendeson ◽  
Yusuf Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
High Turbidity

In a bid to ascertain the quality of water for human consumption in Kashere Metropolis, essential physico-chemical parameters were evaluated on samples of drinking water obtained from boreholes, pond and wells located at densely populated areas, labelled as: Kashere cattle market Pond, KP; Kashere cottage Hospital Borehole, HB; Kashere Market Borehole, MB; Federal University, Kashere (FUK) campus Borehole, CB; Kashere cottage Hospital Well, HW; Kashere Market Well, MW and FUK campus Well, CW. Standard procedure for the determination of chemical and physical characteristics of the water samples were used. The results of the investigated parameters in the samples were as follows: ρH 6.61‒7.96, Turbidity 0.0‒2568 FTU, Electrical Conductivity 60.5‒1151 Mhocm-1, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 25.9‒518.0 mgL-1, Ca 0.0033‒0.5446 ppm, Mg 0.0793‒1.2215 ppm, Cd 0.0010‒0.0030 ppm, Zn 0.0024‒0.l054 ppm, Pb 0.0002‒0.0026 ppm and Fe 0.0044‒0.5649 ppm. Except for the concentration of Fe (in CB; 0.5649 ppm), all the analyzed minor and major cations in the water samples were in very low concentration and below the permissible limits of WHO standard guidelines values for drinking water.  It is recommended that, water from the pond should be properly treated before consumption due to its high turbidity.  Also periodic assessment of the quality of drinking water from these water sources should be conducted, to ascertain that they are not contaminated by either or both organic and inorganic pollutants.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the drinking water treatment system (STAP) San Fernando –Los Patios urbanization, Colombia. Efficiency and quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
Yusbely Cecilia Castrillón-Jaimes ◽  
Carlos Humberto Acevedo-Peñaloza ◽  
Jhan Piero Rojas-Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
San Fernando

The quality of water for human consumption in the municipality of Los Patios in Colombia, depends 60% of the treatment systems for drinking water (STAP) independent, these are adapted according to the population that conforms in 2014 and own resources. Urbanization San Fernando carries out the treatment in an efficient way guaranteeing the quality of water for human consumption, therefore, the field study is based on a quantitative approach and a method that describes the results of the analysis of the samples taken at the entrance and exit of the STAP, to evaluate the efficiency and quality of the system the sample is characterized from the analysis of the physical-chemical and microbiological parameters at the entrance and exit of the system in the Water Laboratory of the Universidad Francisco de Paula de Santander. The physical and microbiological results identify the efficiency of the system and the operator, indicating the quality of the water by the values in the parameters measured according to Decree 1575 of 2007 and 1525 of 2007 by the Ministry of Social Protection in Colombia. The chemical analyses detected a high percentage of calcium hardness in the sample at the system outlet, which is reportedto the directors of the urbanization. In accordance with this, the relevant controls and monitoring are carried out in the process for the purification and consumption of water, without neglecting the habits of water storage by the community in each home.

scholarly journals BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF DRILLING WATER INTENDED FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION IN FOUR PREFECTURES IN THE SAVANNAH REGION OF TOGO

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. e331
Author(s):  
Banfitebiyi Gambogou ◽  
Raouf Tony MENSAH ◽  
Messanh KANGNI-DOSSOU ◽  
Bouraïma DJERI ◽  
Yaovi AMEYAPOH
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Faecal Contamination ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Borehole Water ◽  
French Association

According to the latest SDG recommendations, guidelines on access to safe drinking water have enabled the construction of boreholes in remote areas of developing countries. In Togo,  particularly in the savannah region where access to drinking water remains a major problem for the population, many boreholes have been built for this purpose. The objective of this study is to evaluate the bacteriological quality of the waters of some boreholes built in four (04) prefectures of the savannah region in Togo. A total of 68 samples of drilling water intended for human consumption were collected between January and February 2019 for bacteriological analysis.  These analyses were  carried out according to the standardized routine methods of the French Association for Standardization (AFNOR). The parameters sought or counted in these  samples are those retained by  the 2007 European Union criteria for water intended for human consumption. The analysis reveal that the samples of borehole water are at 50% and 90%   of unsatisfactory hygienic quality respectively compared to the Total Coliforms (CT) and the Total Aerobic Mesophilic Flora (FAMT) which are indicative germs of hygiene failure. The correlation of the germs sought made it possible to distinguish two groups of indicators of contamination: those  responsible for  hygiene  failures and old fecal contamination (ASR) Conclusion: Since the majority of the borehole water analyzed is contaminated by germs indicating  hygiene deficiencies, adequate  treatment of these waters and monitoring of their quality  are necessary in order to protect the population of the savannah region against probable diseases linked to faecal contamination germs.

scholarly journals Utilización de un sistema de destilación solar para remoción de Arsénico y Flúor en agua subterránea destinada al consumo humano

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
María Socorro Espino-Valdés ◽  
Cristina Hernández-Herrera ◽  
Adán Pinales-Munguía ◽  
María de Lourdes Ballinas-Casarrubias
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Solar Distillation ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Distillation System ◽  
Water Plants ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

Arsenic and fluorine occur naturally in groundwater, especially in desert and semi-desert areas. Chronic exposure through drinking water to these substances causes adverse health effect, which are limited in water intended for human consumption. Objective: This work was carried out with the aim of improving the quality of water from wells with high contents of arsenic and fluorine, achieving compliance with the limits established in the Mexican regulations for drinking water. Methodology: A system of two-panel solar distillation was used for treatment of water from three wells characterized by high levels of arsenic and fluoride, which are intended for human consumption. Contribution: The solar distillation system used improved the quality of the groundwater through the removal of arsenic (99%), fluoride (96%) and dissolved solids (98%). The proven system is a viable alternative for water treatment in small communities that do not have access to demineralization water plants that operate with high costs, thus eliminating health risks associated to the chronic intake of these elements.

scholarly journals Quality of drinking water in rural areas: problems of legal environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 09022
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Yermolenko ◽  
Olena Hafurova ◽  
Maryna Deineha ◽  
Tamara Novak ◽  
Alena Temnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Monitoring ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
State Water

The article is devoted to the scientific and theoretical analysis of the current state of legal provision of drinking water quality in rural areas. It was stated that in recent years there has been a steady trend of deteriorating quality of water used for drinking in rural areas, including due to increasing levels of nitrate pollution. Proposals have been made for: further implementation of Council Directive 98/83 / EU on the quality of water intended for human consumption and Council Directive 91/676/ EEC on the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources in national legislation; elimination of substantive inconsistencies between State sanitary norms and rules 2.2.4-171-10 “Hygienic requirements for drinking water intended for human consumption” and National Standards of Ukraine 7525: 2014 “Drinking water. Requirements and methods of quality control “in terms of drinking water quality indicators; inclusion in the subjects of state water monitoring of the central executive body that implements the state policy in the field of health care (regarding the monitoring of drinking water); development of the Procedure for state monitoring of nitrate content in surface and groundwater as a component of state water monitoring; forecasting at the level of the National Target Program “Drinking Water of Ukraine” for 2021-2025 “development and operation of a single state information resource - Interactive map of drinking water quality in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Kualitas Bakteriologis Air Minum Isi Ulang di Wilayah Kota Bogor

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astri Wulandari Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
Filter Tube

Kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap air minum yang meningkat terutama di perkotaan mendorong tumbuhnya Industri Air Minum Dalam Kemasan (AMDK) dan usaha Depot Air Minum (DAM) isi ulang yang siap melayani masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini menngetahuin kualitas bakteriologis depot air minum isi ulang di Wilayah Kota Bogor. Jenis penelitian deskriptif, data primer yang digunakan mencakup peralatan yang digunakan pada 27 Depot Air Minum Isi Ulang, pemeriksaan laboratorium total coliform dan E.coli pada air sampel air minum isi ulang, observasi dan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bogor tentang lokasi Depot Air Minum Isi Ulang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sumber air baku yang digunakan yang paling banyak (81,5 %) dari mata air pegunungan, jumlah tabung filter yang dipakai pada alat penyaring (51,9%) dengan jumlah tabung yang digunakan 3 buah, jenis bahan tabung filter yang digunakan (63,0%) dengan jenis bahan stainless steel, frekuensi pergantian Catridge filter (63,0%) dengan frekuensi pergantian catridge filter 1 kali dalam sebulan, sistem desinfeksi/sterilisasi yang digunakan (55,6%); sistem desinfeksi/sterilisasi ozonisasi dan ultraviolet (UV), Hasil Pemeriksaan Total Coliform ( 92,6%) yang memenuhi syarat dan yang tidak memenuhi syarat (7,4%) dengan jumlah bakteri 7 APM gram/100 ml, sedangkan hasil pemeriksaan Escherichia coli yaitu 96,3% yang memenuhi syarat dan 3,7% yang tidak memenuhi syarat dengan 3 APM gram/100ml. Rata-rata penjualan air minum isi ulang antara 20 galon perhari sampai dengan 120 galon perhari. Kualitas bakteriologis air minum isi ulang di Kota Bogor termasuk baik dikarenakan dari 27 Depot Air Minum Isi Ulang hanya 2 Depot yang masih belum memenuhi syarat kesehatan. Sebelum mengkonsumsi air minum isi ulang masyarakat perlu memperhatikan kualitas air minum sebelum dimasak terlebih dahulu.Kata kunci : Kualitas bakteriologis, depot air minum isi ulangAbstractThe increasing need of drinking water in citiy population has driven the growth of drinking water industry and water-refilling industry. The objective of this study is to know the bacteriological quality of water-refilling depot in Bogor city. The study is a descriptive one with primary data collection using laboratory analysis on total coliform and E. coli. and secondary data from Bogor Health office. The study shows that the source of drinking water was mostly mountain water (81.5%), the use of filter tube (51.9%) with number of tubes of 3 pieces, 63% using stainless steel material, 63% change the filter cartridge once a month, 55.6% using disinfection/sterilization by ozonisation and UV ray. Laboratory results shows that in term of total coliform 92.6% fulfill the required condition and 7.4% did not fulfill required condition with bacteria count of 7 APM/100 ml, in term of E.coli 96.3% had fulfilled required condition and 3.7% did not fulfill the required condition with bacteria count of 3 APM gram/100 ml. The average sales of refilled water was between 20-120 gallon/days. Bacteriological quality of water-refilling station in Bogor city could be considered as good and only 2 out of 27 stations did not fulfill health conditions. Community should pay attention on drinking water quality and the need to boil the water before consumption.Keywords : Bacteriological quality, water-refilling depo

scholarly journals A probabilistic approach to assessment of the quality of drinking water

Geologos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wątor ◽  
Ewa Kmiecik ◽  
Adam Postawa ◽  
Piotr Rusiniak
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Probabilistic Method ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Quality Of Water

Abstract Knowledge of uncertainty in analytical results is of prime importance in assessments of compliance with requirements set out for the quality of water intended for human consumption. Assessments of drinking water quality can be performed using either a deterministic or a probabilistic method. In the former approach, every single result is referred directly to the parametric value, while in the probabilistic method uncertainty related to analytical results is taken into account during the decision-making process. In the present research, laboratory uncertainty and uncertainty determined on the basis of results of analyses of duplicate samples collected in two Polish cities were compared and used in the probabilistic approach of water quality assessment. Using the probabilistic method, more results were considered to be “above the parametric value”. Most excesses were observed when the maximum allowable uncertainty as set out in the Regulation of the Minister of Health of 7 December 2017 was used, which is due to the highest values of these uncertainties. The lowest values above parametric values in the probabilistic approach were observed when measurement uncertainty was considered.

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