scholarly journals Development and Deployment of a Framework to Prioritize Environmental Contamination Issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9393
Author(s):  
Nicholas D. Kim ◽  
Matthew D. Taylor ◽  
Jonathan Caldwell ◽  
Andrew Rumsby ◽  
Olivier Champeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sustainability Policy ◽  
Research And Policy ◽  
Environmental Compartments

Management and regulatory agencies face a wide range of environmental issues globally. The challenge is to identify and select the issues to assist the allocation of research and policy resources to achieve maximum environmental gain. A framework was developed to prioritize environmental contamination issues in a sustainable management policy context using a nine-factor ranking model to rank the significance of diffuse sources of stressors. It focuses on contamination issues that involve large geographic scales (e.g., all pastoral soils), significant population exposures (e.g., urban air quality), and multiple outputs from same source on receiving environmental compartments comprising air, surface water, groundwater, and sediment. Factor scores are allocated using a scoring scale and weighted following defined rules. Results are ranked enabling the rational comparison of dissimilar and complex issues. Advantages of this model include flexibility, transparency, ability to prioritize new issues as they arise, and ability to identify which issues are comparatively trivial and which present a more serious challenge to sustainability policy goals. This model integrates well as a planning tool and has been used to inform regional policy development.

Policies and Principles in Hong Kong's Water Pollution Control Legislation

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1905-1914 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Receiving Waters

Hong Kong's water quality management policy aims to control direct environmental discharges and to limit the toxicity of sewer discharges so that ultimate effluents are not harmful. It bases pollution control standards on water quality objectives that will protect conservation goals. The main control mechanism is a licensing system. This allows the authority wide scope to specify treatment technology, but in practice the authority only sets pollution load limits, in line with the government's non-interventionist stance. Published standards for a wide range of receiving waters and effluent flow rates do not refer to the industrial or treatment processes from which the effluents arise. The standards aim to maximize the use of the foul sewerage system, to require pretreatment for toxins, and to allow economically efficient centralized treatment where appropriate. The law is effective to meet the policy goals, but a very slow pace of implementation has limited its practical value.

scholarly journals Public Administration and Governance for the SDGs: Navigating between Change and Stability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5914
Author(s):  
Louis Meuleman
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Governance Reform ◽  
Policy Coherence ◽  
Sector Reform ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Strategic Policy ◽  
Research And Policy

This article highlights four key reform challenges regarding the quality of public administration and governance (PAG), aimed at increasing ‘SDG-readiness’ at all levels of administration, in a nexus characterized by complexity, volatility, pluriformity and uncertainty. Based on others’ research into how EU Member States institutionalize the implementation of the SDGs, a critical review of SDG-governance approaches, as well as a review paper on the management of the SDGs, it is concluded that that four priority areas could guide research and policy development to accelerate implementation of the 2030 Agenda. Firstly, to recognize that creating an effective public administration and governance is an important strategic policy area. Secondly, to begin with mission-oriented public administration and governance reform for SDG implementation, replacing the efficiency-driven public sector reform of the past decades. Thirdly, to apply culturally sensitive metagovernance to design, define and manage trade-offs and achieving synergies between SDGs and their targets. Fourthly, to start concerted efforts to improve policy coherence with a mindset beyond political, institutional, and mental ‘silos’.

scholarly journals Bioinsecticides based on plant essential oils: a short overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 179-182
Author(s):  
Murray B. Isman
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Regulatory Challenges

AbstractInterest in the discovery and development of plant essential oils for use as bioinsecticides has grown enormously in the past 20 years. However, successful commercialization and utilization of crop protection products based on essential oils has thus far lagged far behind their promise based on this large body of research, most notably because with the exceptions of the USA and Australia, such products receive no special status from regulatory agencies that approve new pesticides for use. Essential oil-based insecticides have now been used in the USA for well over a decade, and more recently have seen use in the European Union (EU), Korea, and about a dozen other countries, with demonstrated efficacy against a wide range of pests and in numerous crop systems. For the most part these products are based on commodity essential oils developed as flavor and fragrance agents for the food and cosmetic industries, as there are formidable logistic, economic, and regulatory challenges to the use of many other essential oils that otherwise possess potentially useful bioactivity against pests. In spite of these limitations, the overall prospects for biopesticides, including those based on essential oils, are encouraging as the demand for sustainably-produced and/or organic food continues to increase worldwide.

Assessment of nurses’ involvement in health research and policy development at a Federal Teaching Hospital in South East Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Ifeoma Ndubuisi ◽  
IjeomaL Okoronkwo ◽  
Chisom Mbadugha ◽  
Ijeoma Maduakolam ◽  
Chijioke Nwodoh
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Research And Policy

scholarly journals Clinical risk management and child mental health

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Subotsky
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Child Mental Health ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Clinical Governance ◽  
Clinical Risk Management ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Adult Services ◽  
Wide Range

Risk management is a requirement of clinical governance and a new paradigm for child and adolescent mental health services. Issues are different from those of adult services and a wide range need to be considered, which include not only the risk of harm to self, to others and from others but also from the system (by omission or commission) and to the staff. Systematic policy development, using information from audits, complaints, incidents and inquiries, will be helpful and interagency agreements necessary to promote coordination. The complex regulatory framework is discussed.

scholarly journals A qualitative exploration of pharmacovigilance policy implementation in Jordan, Oman, and Kuwait using Matland’s ambiguity-conflict model

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza Y. Garashi ◽  
Douglas T. Steinke ◽  
Ellen I. Schafheutle
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Pharmacovigilance System ◽  
Policy Conflict ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Conflict Model

Abstract Background As Arab countries seek to implement the ‘Guideline on Good Pharmacovigilance Practice (GVP) for Arab countries’, understanding policy implementation mechanisms and the factors impacting it can inform best implementation practice. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms of and factors influencing pharmacovigilance policy implementation in Arab countries with more established pharmacovigilance systems (Jordan, Oman), to inform policy implementation in a country with a nascent pharmacovigilance system (Kuwait). Results Matland’s ambiguity-conflict model served to frame data analysis from 56 face-to-face interviews, which showed that policy ambiguity and conflict were low in Jordan and Oman, suggesting an “administrative implementation” pathway. In Kuwait, policy ambiguity was high while sentiments about policy conflict were varied, suggesting a mixture between “experimental implementation” and “symbolic implementation”. Factors reducing policy ambiguity in Jordan and Oman included: decision-makers’ guidance to implementors, stakeholder involvement in the policy’s development and implementation, training of policy implementors throughout the implementation process, clearly outlined policy goals and means, and presence of a strategic implementation plan with appropriate timelines as well as a monitoring mechanism. In contrast, policy ambiguity in Kuwait stemmed from the absence or lack of attention to these factors. Factors reducing policy conflict included: the policy’s compliance with internationally recognised standards and the policy’s fit with local capabilities (all three countries), decision-makers’ cooperation with and support of the national centre as well as stakeholders’ agreement on policy goals and means (Jordan and Oman) and adopting a stepwise approach to implementation (Jordan). Conclusions Using Matland’s model, both the mechanism of and factors impacting successful pharmacovigilance policy implementation were identified. This informed recommendations for best implementation practice in Arab as well as other countries with nascent pharmacovigilance systems, including increased managerial engagement and support, greater stakeholder involvement in policy development and implementation, and undertaking more detailed implementation planning.

scholarly journals Classifying Counterparty Sector in EMIR Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-143
Author(s):  
Francesca D. Lenoci ◽  
Elisa Letizia
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Greedy Algorithm ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Building Block ◽  
European Market ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sector Classification ◽  
Market Infrastructure ◽  
Research And Policy

AbstractThe data collected under the European Market Infrastructure Regulation (“EMIR data”) provide authorities with voluminous transaction-by-transaction details on derivatives but their use poses numerous challenges. To overcome one major challenge, this chapter draws from eight different data sources and develops a greedy algorithm to obtain a new counterparty sector classification. We classify counterparties’ sector for 96% of the notional value of outstanding contracts in the euro area derivatives market. Our classification is also detailed, comprehensive, and well suited for the analysis of the derivatives market, which we illustrate in four case studies. Overall, we show that our algorithm can become a key building block for a wide range of research- and policy-oriented studies with EMIR data.

scholarly journals Developing Best Practice in Linking and Sharing Administrative Data – A Comparison of Views in Health and Higher Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie Street ◽  
Annette Braunack-Mayer ◽  
Stacy Carter ◽  
Tam Ha ◽  
Xiaoqi Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Data Governance ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
Wide Range

IntroductionLarge administrative datasets are now being used for secondary purposes across a wide range of public sector organisations, including in health and higher education. However, governance, regulation and policy surrounding the use of these datasets are at different stages of development in these sectors. Our aim was to explore similarities and differences in the use of administrative data between the health and higher education sectors to inform policy development. Objectives and ApproachWe investigated views on the use of administrative data in both the health and higher education sectors. We conducted 18 qualitative in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, to provide insight into the ethical, social and legal issues associated with the use of big data in these settings. The interviews were transcribed and thematically coded. ResultsParticipants indicated the rapid pace of technological change and large volume of potentially sensitive data collected raises governance, infrastructure and ethical issues in both settings. Common challenges include communication, staff capabilities, delays in access, multiple policies and governance committees, and technical and operational issues. In the health sector, there was clear understanding of the issues and governance structures to address these issues, whereas this understanding was more variable in the higher education sector. Trust in government (to use responsibly and store securely) was raised in the health sector but not in universities. Conclusion / ImplicationsUnderstanding and use of administrative data are at quite different levels of development in the higher education and health sectors. Higher education needs policy and ethical guidance and higher level governance and greater consultation across the sector. Both sectors would benefit from a national approach to data governance.

Policy, Latent Error and Systemic Examination Failures

CADMO ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
Jo-Anne Baird ◽  
Adrian Coxell
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Role Clarity ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
Fundamental Causes ◽  
Systemic Examination ◽  
Latent Error ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Human Error Theory

- Politicians and civil servants are very much involved in examination developments in many countries. Policy development and implementation is notoriously difficult to unpick in terms of decision-making, roles and responsibilities. Nonetheless, three systemic examination failures are used to illustrate the problems caused by the policy context – in Scotland 2000, New Zealand 2004 and England 2008. Taking these cases and the literature together, it is argued that features of the policy environment conspire to generate latent errors: 1) evolving policy and competing perspectives; 2) lack of role clarity and diffusion of responsibility and 3) timeframe slippage. Human error theory indicates that to try to reduce errors we must understand their fundamental causes and that these usually run deeper than the first stories that are told. Understanding the full reasons for particular systemic examination errors is difficult because politics is slippery, and many perspectives have to be sifted.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document