Policy, Latent Error and Systemic Examination Failures

CADMO ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
Jo-Anne Baird ◽  
Adrian Coxell
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Role Clarity ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
Fundamental Causes ◽  
Systemic Examination ◽  
Latent Error ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Human Error Theory

- Politicians and civil servants are very much involved in examination developments in many countries. Policy development and implementation is notoriously difficult to unpick in terms of decision-making, roles and responsibilities. Nonetheless, three systemic examination failures are used to illustrate the problems caused by the policy context – in Scotland 2000, New Zealand 2004 and England 2008. Taking these cases and the literature together, it is argued that features of the policy environment conspire to generate latent errors: 1) evolving policy and competing perspectives; 2) lack of role clarity and diffusion of responsibility and 3) timeframe slippage. Human error theory indicates that to try to reduce errors we must understand their fundamental causes and that these usually run deeper than the first stories that are told. Understanding the full reasons for particular systemic examination errors is difficult because politics is slippery, and many perspectives have to be sifted.

scholarly journals Development and Deployment of a Framework to Prioritize Environmental Contamination Issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9393
Author(s):  
Nicholas D. Kim ◽  
Matthew D. Taylor ◽  
Jonathan Caldwell ◽  
Andrew Rumsby ◽  
Olivier Champeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sustainability Policy ◽  
Research And Policy ◽  
Environmental Compartments

Management and regulatory agencies face a wide range of environmental issues globally. The challenge is to identify and select the issues to assist the allocation of research and policy resources to achieve maximum environmental gain. A framework was developed to prioritize environmental contamination issues in a sustainable management policy context using a nine-factor ranking model to rank the significance of diffuse sources of stressors. It focuses on contamination issues that involve large geographic scales (e.g., all pastoral soils), significant population exposures (e.g., urban air quality), and multiple outputs from same source on receiving environmental compartments comprising air, surface water, groundwater, and sediment. Factor scores are allocated using a scoring scale and weighted following defined rules. Results are ranked enabling the rational comparison of dissimilar and complex issues. Advantages of this model include flexibility, transparency, ability to prioritize new issues as they arise, and ability to identify which issues are comparatively trivial and which present a more serious challenge to sustainability policy goals. This model integrates well as a planning tool and has been used to inform regional policy development.

Carmen Valero-Garcés & Rebecca Tipton (eds.). (2017) Ideology, Ethics and Policy Development in Public Service Interpreting and Translation

FORUM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-277
Author(s):  
Jinhui Liu ◽  
Jun Wen
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
The Public ◽  
Language Support ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
Social Basis ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Practical Field

Abstract This collection addresses translation and interpreting in settings of diversity and migration. It brings together the latest research on public service interpreting and translation (PSIT) in the context of growing rights-based discourses on language support services, with a particular focus on ideological, ethical and policy issues. Articles in this volume employ new perspectives and draw insight from the practical field with the aim to explore the social basis and consequences of policy development, interconnections between intricate concepts of ethics and ideology, and to stimulate debate : more discussion concerning public service interpreting and translation among academia, the public and the third sectors to deepen the understanding of language support needs and policy context.

Survey of Nursing Faculty Preparation for Guiding DNP Quality Improvement Projects

2021 ◽  
pp. JDNP-D-20-00036
Author(s):  
Debra Bingham ◽  
Margaret Hammersla ◽  
Anne Belcher ◽  
Lucy Rose Ruccio ◽  
Susan Bindon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Error Theory ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Faculty Preparation ◽  
Human Error Theory ◽  
Error Proofing

BackgroundQuality improvement (QI) projects comprise the majority of University of Maryland School of Nursing (UMSON) Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) projects.MethodsAn online survey was completed by 51% (n = 38) of faculty, who teach or mentor DNP students, and was analyzed using quantitative and descriptive methods.ResultsFaculty were somewhat or not familiar with developing a QI charter 68.4%, human error theory and error proofing 63.2%, driver diagrams 60.5%, characteristics of high-reliability organizations 60.5%, and Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence (SQUIRE) guidelines 55.3%. The faculty were most interested in learning more about (n = 97 responses) were human error theory and error proofing (28.9%), SQUIRE guidelines (26.3%), statistical process control (21.1%), and implementation strategies and tactics (21.1%). The most commonly identified challenges included identifying QI projects (24%), project time constraints (16%), keeping up-to-date on QI concepts, methods, and tools (12%), and balancing professional workload (10%).ConclusionsGaps in self-reported QI knowledge indicate there is a need for further development of DNP and PhD prepared faculty at the UMSON.

scholarly journals Competing challenges for immigrant seniors—Social isolation and the pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 084047042110092
Author(s):  
Shanthi Johnson ◽  
Juanita Bacsu ◽  
Tom McIntosh ◽  
Bonnie Jeffery ◽  
Nuelle Novik
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
Immigrant And Refugee ◽  
Lasting Change ◽  
Growing Population ◽  
Improve Health

The pandemic has exposed and amplified complex and complicated health and societal challenges while offering immense opportunities to transform societies to improve health for all. Social isolation is a challenging and persistent issue experienced by many older adults, especially among immigrant and refugee seniors. Unique risk factors such as racism, discrimination, language barriers, weak social networks, and separation from friends and family predispose immigrant and refugee seniors to a higher risk of social isolation. The pandemic has magnified the unique risks and has highlighted the differential health and economic impacts. This article examines social isolation among immigrant and refugee seniors in Canada by focusing on the policy context, available programs and services to reduce social isolation, and the conceptualization and measurement considerations for advancing research to address social isolation among this growing population. Drawing on specific examples, we discuss immigration, aging, and social isolation within the context of Canada. While our article focuses on Canada as a case study, our discussion has relevancy and implications for other high-income countries with aging immigrant and refugee populations. In moving forward, we argue that a more complete and targeted understanding of social isolation is essential to informing program and policy development to support immigrant and refugee seniors in Canada and beyond. The transformation needed in our societies to create health for all requires strong equity and determinants of health perspective and a systems approach beyond health to ensure lasting change.

scholarly journals Error-producing conditions in nursing staff work

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1858-1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Handerson Silva-Santos ◽  
Tatiane Araújo-dos-Santos ◽  
Angélica Santos Alves ◽  
Maria Navegantes da Silva ◽  
Heloniza Oliveira Gonçalves Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Disciplinary Actions ◽  
Sociology Of Work ◽  
Nursing Service ◽  
Human Error Theory

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the errors made by nursing staff workers who faced ethical-disciplinary actions. Method: Document, exploratory, quanti-qualitative research. The information was collected in 13 ethical-disciplinary actions of COREN BA, dated from 1995 to 2010, which had as object of complaint an error made by nursing staff workers. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the qualitative data was analyzed using the Human Error Theory and Sociology of Work. Results: Nursing technicians and assistants held most actions. The health institution, through the nursing service coordination, was the predominant complainer and the most frequent shift was daytime. Final considerations: The errors made by nursing staff workers demonstrate that error-producing conditions are present in the context of their occurrence in all actions, and understaffing and intensity of work are the most recurrent circumstances.

scholarly journals International commissions as norm entrepreneurs: Creating the normative idea of the responsibility to protect

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Madokoro
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Norm Emergence ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
The Universe

AbstractDiscussion in international relations often centres on a wide variety of norms, such as sustainable development, global governance, human security, and the responsibility to protect. A significant amount of work focuses on not only the theoretical and policy development of these norms but also the role of various norm entrepreneurs in promoting norm emergence and diffusion. Yet there are still knowledge gaps regarding the norm entrepreneurship role of international commissions that engage in the early stage of the emergence of these norms and their processes. This article elucidates the process of creation of normative ideas by analysing the role of international commissions as norm entrepreneurs, utilising a case study of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS), which proposed the normative idea of the responsibility to protect (R2P) in 2001. The theoretical contribution of this article is to expand the understanding of norm entrepreneurship by adding international commissions to the universe of norm entrepreneurs and illuminating their strategies for constructing normative ideas. Empirically, it explores the role and activities of the ICISS in creating the normative idea of R2P, which contrasts the existing literature that has only focused on the development of R2P after the Commission has finished its work.

Applied Human Error Theory

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Error Theory ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Documented Case ◽  
Capture Theory ◽  
Human Error Theory ◽  
Alternative Theories

Since 2001, there have been 10 documented instances of TASER/handgun weapon-confusion shootings by police. In each of these cases, the TASERs were carried in a configuration that facilitated being drawn with the dominant (strong) hand. One police human factors expert has attributed the unintentional shootings to slip errors and capture errors. While some laypersons have disputed this – usually without any proof of alternative theories – very little literature analyzing these shootings in light of prevalent human error theory exists. This paper applies current slip-and-capture theory to the facts of a highly publicized and well-documented case, concluding that this police TASER-confusion shooting falls within those theoretical frameworks. The need for further research and the criminalization of such errors is briefly discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document