scholarly journals Projection of Greenhouse Gas Emissions for the Road Transport Sector Based on Multivariate Regression and the Double Exponential Smoothing Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9152
Author(s):  
Reham Alhindawi ◽  
Yousef Abu Nahleh ◽  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Nirajan Shiwakoti
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
The Road ◽  
Battery Electric Vehicles ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Double Exponential

The economic and health impacts resulting from the greenhouse effect is a major concern in many countries. The transportation sector is one of the major contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions worldwide. Almost 15 percent of the global GHG and over 20 percent of energy-related CO2 emissions are produced by the transportation sector. Quantifying GHG emissions from the road transport sector assists in assessing the existing vehicles’ energy consumptions and in proposing technological interventions for enhancing vehicle efficiency and reducing energy-supply greenhouse gas intensity. This paper aims to develop a model for the projection of GHG emissions from the road transport sector. We consider the Vehicle-Kilometre by Mode (VKM) to Number of Transportation Vehicles (NTV) ratio for the six different modes of transportation. These modes include motorcycles, passenger cars, tractors, single-unit trucks, buses and light trucks data from the North American Transportation Statistics (NATS) online database over a period of 22 years. We use multivariate regression and double exponential approaches to model the projection of GHG emissions. The results indicate that the VKM to NTV ratio for the different transportation modes has a significant effect on GHG emissions, with the coefficient of determination adjusted R2 and R2 values of 89.46% and 91.8%, respectively. This shows that VKM and NTV are the main factors influencing GHG emission growth. The developed model is used to examine various scenarios for introducing plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and battery electric vehicles in the future. If there will be a switch to battery electric vehicles, a 62.2 % reduction in CO2 emissions would occur. The results of this paper will be useful in developing appropriate planning, policies, and strategies to reduce GHG emissions from the road transport sector.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Governmental Policy and Programs to Stimulate the Use of Low-Emission and Electric Vehicles: The Case of Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Ioana C. Sechel ◽  
Florin Mariasiu
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
The Road ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Low Emission

The contemporary demands for massive reductions in industrial pollution caused by the transport sector, especially in large urban agglomerations, compel local and national authorities to propose, develop, and implement programs and policies that have the ultimate goal of significantly reducing (or eliminating) pollution. The aim of this article is to provide a primary analysis of the effectiveness of Romanian government policies in terms of reducing pollution (CO2 emissions) caused by transportation (due to the “Rabla Plus” (RP) program, through which financial subsidies are granted for the purchase of a new plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) or battery electric vehicle (BEVs)). After analyzing the justification for the use of low-emission and electric vehicles in traffic (as a major solution to eliminate pollution), a comparative analysis of energy-efficient transport for Romania and Europe is presented in order to identify the directions in which it is necessary to develop and implement government policies specifically in Romania, considering a series of indicators chosen and considered by the authors to be important, including CO2 emissions compared with the size of the road infrastructure, the number of registered vehicles, the number of passengers transported, and the quantity of goods transported. With the identification of the ability of government programs to encourage the acquisition and use of low-emission and electric vehicles in traffic, the efficiency achieved is calculated in terms of the net CO2 emissions eliminated (average values of 1949.23 CO2 tons/year and 1.71 CO2 tons/vehicle). Furthermore, this aspect is also beneficial for analyses in terms of the economic costs involved (the associated costs are estimated to be 7034.17 EUR/ton of CO2 eliminated from the transportation sector), identifying new directions of action that are more cost-effective and sustainable and on which government policies should focus in the future.

scholarly journals Consumer Motivation by Using Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology towards Electric Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12177
Author(s):  
Haider Ali Abbasi ◽  
Satirenjit Kaur Johl ◽  
Zullina Bt Hussain Shaari ◽  
Wajiha Moughal ◽  
Muhammad Mazhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Environmental Knowledge ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Consumer Motivation ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Study Results

The transport sector is the leading source of growing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions globally. To consider environmental degradation aspects due to transport, electric vehicles (EVs) have the prospect to lead road transport to electric mobility from conventional petroleum vehicles. Despite various eco-friendly benefits, the EV market penetration ratio is very low, especially in developing countries. The primary reason for low penetration is consumer limited motivation and knowledge about the EVs features. This paper uses a unified theory of acceptance and technology (UTAUT) model to assess consumer motivation and environmental knowledge towards EVs. This research used convenience random sampling to collect data and analyzed the results using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method on the example of 199 respondents from Malaysia. The study results revealed that factors identified in the motivational context significantly influence consumer intentions to purchase EVs. Perceived environmental knowledge and technophilia have been included in UTAUT from a motivational perspective. Furthermore, a significant relationship between effort expectancy, social influence, technophilia, perceived environmental knowledge, and purchase intention towards electric vehicles has been observed, without performance expectancy. The study findings serve to inform policymakers and automakers to formulate effective marketing strategies to enhance consumer motivation, knowledge, and value creation for EVs in a sustainable era. Ultimately, the policies will help to encourage consumers to buy eco-friendly vehicles that will help reduce transport carbon emissions and attain sustainable development goals (SDGs).

High resolution inventory of GHG emissions of the road transport sector in Argentina

2015 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Enrique Puliafito ◽  
David Allende ◽  
Sebastián Pinto ◽  
Paula Castesana
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
The Road

scholarly journals Monetary Health Co-benefits and GHG Emissions Reduction Benefits: Contribution from Private on-the-road Transport

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Je-Liang Liou ◽  
Pei-Ing Wu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Pollution Reduction ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
The Road ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
On The Road

This is the first study to provide a systematic monetary benefit matrix, including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction benefits and air pollution reduction health co-benefits, for a change in on-the-road transport to low-carbon types. The benefit transfer method is employed to estimate the social cost of carbon and the health co-benefits via impact pathway analysis in Taiwan. Specifically, the total emissions reduction benefits from changing all internal combustion vehicles to either hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, or electric vehicles would generate an average of US$760 million from GHG emissions reduction and US$2,091 million from health co-benefits based on air pollution reduction, for a total benefit of US$2,851 million annually. For a change from combustion scooters to light- or heavy-duty electric scooters, the average GHG emissions reduction benefits would be US$96.02 million, and the health co-benefits from air pollution reduction would be US$1,008.83 million, for total benefits of US$1,104.85 million annually.

scholarly journals Understanding the challenges behind Electric Vehicle usage by drivers - a case study in the Madeira Autonomous Region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luísa Barros ◽  
Mary Barreto ◽  
Lucas Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
The Road ◽  
Braking System

Electric Vehicles (EV) adoption targets have been set by governments from countries throughout Europe, related to the European goals, for the decarbonization of the road transport sector. The change for electric vehicle technology can be challenging to EV users for a number of reasons such as battery autonomy, time to charge the vehicle, and the different driving conditions. The work in this paper aims to study how users from Madeira and Porto Santo islands deal with the challenges of EV adoption. Furthermore, this paper also studies the role of the orography in the Regenerative Braking System technology integrated into electric vehicles. To assess such information, an online questionnaire was prepared and sent out to the electric vehicle community of both islands. The main results of this study show drivers’ preference to charge the vehicles at their household and that users are satisfied with the vehicle’s technology. Also, users’ battery range anxiety did not seem to have a significant impact. Moreover, from the drivers’ point of view, there is still the need to study the role of orography, while using the regenerative braking system.

Power usage in the transport sector – potential, costs and greenhouse gas abatement of different well-to-wheel pathways

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Millinger ◽  
Philip Tafarte ◽  
Matthias Jordan ◽  
Alena Hahn ◽  
Kathleen Meisel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Abatement ◽  
Surplus Power

<p>The increase of variable renewable energy sources (VRE), i.e. wind and solar power, may lead to a certain mismatch between power demand and supply. At the same time, in order to decarbonise the heat and transport sectors, power-based solutions are often seen as promising option, through so-called sector coupling. At times when VRE power supply exceeds demand, the surplus power could be used for producing liquid and gaseous electrofuels. The power is used for electrolysis, producing hydrogen, which can in turn be used either directly or combined with a carbon source to produce hydrocarbon fuels.</p><p>Here, we analyse the potential development of surplus power for the case of Germany, at an ambitious VRE expansion until 2050 and perform a cost analysis of electrofuels at different production levels using sorted residual load curves. These are then compared to biofuels and electric vehicles with the aid of an optimisation model, considering both cost- and greenhouse gas (GHG)-optimal options for the main transport sectors in Germany.</p><p>We find that, although hydrocarbon electrofuels are more expensive than their main renewable competitors, i.e. biofuels, they are most likely indispensable in addition for reaching climate targets in transport. However, the electrofuel potential is constrained by the availability of both surplus power and carbon. In fact, the surplus power potential is projected to remain limited even at currently ambitious VRE targets for Germany and carbon availability is lower in an increasingly renewable energy system unless direct air capture is deployed. In addition, as the power mix is likely to contain fossil fuels for decades to come, electrofuels based on power directly from the mix with associated conversion losses would cause higher GHG-emissions than the fossil transport fuel reference until a very high share of renewables in the power source is achieved. In contrast, electric vehicles are a more climate competitive option under the projected power mix with remaining fossil fuel fractions, due to a superior fuel economy and thereby lower costs and emissions.</p><p>As part of the assessment, we quantify the greenhouse gas abatement costs for different well-to-wheel pathways and provide an analysis and recommendations for a transition to sustainable transport.</p>

scholarly journals Detecting Leaders Country from Road Transport Emission Time-Series

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Giovanni De Luca ◽  
Federica Pizzolante
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
The Road ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Emission Time ◽  
Transport Emission

Nowadays, climate change and global warming have become the main concerns worldwide. One of the main causes are the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions produced by human activities, especially by the transportation sector. The adherence to international agreements and the implementation of climate change policy are necessary conditions for reducing environmental problems. This paper investigates the lead–lag relationship between Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Annex I member countries on road transport emission performance focusing on the statistical analysis of the lead–lag relationships between the road transport emission time-series from 1970–2018 extracted by the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) database. The analysis was carried out using the cross-correlation function between each pair of the countries’ time-series considered. Empirical results confirm that some nations have been playing a role as leaders, while others as followers. Sweden can be considered the leader, followed by Germany and France. By analyzing their environmental policy history, we can figure out a common point that explains our results.

Life Cycle Assessment of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) Using eBlance

2014 ◽  
Vol 918 ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Zhe Liu ◽  
Wei Hua Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Emissions Reductions ◽  
Personal Mobility ◽  
Battery Electric Vehicles ◽  
True Ability

Electric vehicles have been gaining increasing worldwide attention as a promising potential long-term solution to sustainable personal mobility in recent years; in particular, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) offering zero tailpipe emissions are favored by a significant number of people in China. However, their true ability of contribution to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions is invisible. This paper assessed their environmental impacts from the perspective of life cycle. Life cycle assessment is used as the analyzing method and eBlance is applied as a tool to identify the impacts quantitatively.

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