scholarly journals Medical Tourism Markets: Models of Sustainability. The Case of Spain and The Costa del Sol (Malaga)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8818
Author(s):  
Ricardo Pagan ◽  
Daniel Horsfall
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Domestic Industry ◽  
Competitive Prices ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Near Future

The interest and relevance of medical tourism has increased significantly over the last few decades, and it has become a very lucrative source of income and profit for many firms. This paper analyses the sustainability of the medical tourism model in Spain in general, and in The Costa del Sol (Spain) in particular, in order to investigate the potential challenges that the domestic industry will face in the future. For this purpose, we first analysed the process of the globalization of health services and the main characteristics of the Spanish medical tourism industry (in terms of tourism and health services). Second, we examined the data availability on medical tourism for the cases of Spain, Andalusia and The Costa del Sol, and identified who travels, why, and for what reasons. The results show that Spain and The Costa del Sol offer high-quality medical and tourism facilities and services with very competitive prices, and with the high commitment and support of public local authorities, tourism and health providers, and universities. However, the lack of a real leadership, well-defined strategy, financial support, and specific training programs are considered to be crucial challenges for the near future. In addition to this, the novel coronavirus, the economic crisis, Brexit and the situation of British expats living in Spain and The Costa del sol are also discussed.

scholarly journals An outline of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and the complement cascade of immune system

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmalochan Hembram
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Main Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Transmission Chain ◽  
The World ◽  
Therapeutic Molecules ◽  
Rapid Transmission ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 19 is a viral infection caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. It was first notified in Wuhan, China, is now spread into numerous part of the world. Thus, the world needs urgent support and encouragement to develop a vaccine or antiviral treatments to combat the atrocious outbreak. Main body of the abstract The origin of this virus is yet unknown; however, rapid transmission from human-to-human “Anthroponosis” has widely confirmed. The world is witnessing a continuous hike in SARS-CoV-2 infection. In light of the outbreak of coronavirus disease 19, we have aimed to highlight the basic and vital information about the novel coronavirus. We provide an overview of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, timeline and its pathophysiological properties which would be an aid for the development of therapeutic molecules and antiviral drugs. Immune system plays a crucial role in virus infection in order to control but may have dark side when becomes uncontrollable. The host and SARS-CoV-2 interaction describe how the virus exploits host machinery and how overactive host immune response can cause disease severity also addressed in this review. Short conclusion Safe and effective vaccines may be the game-changing tools, but in the near future wearing mask, washing hands at regular intervals, avoiding crowed, maintaining physical distancing and hygienic surrounding, must be good practices to reduce and break the transmission chain. Still, research is ongoing not only on how vaccines protect against disease, but also against infection and transmission.

scholarly journals How to Better Manage Tourism on Pandemic-Times? Moving Forward on a Discussion We Should Have Had Before the 2020 Crisis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Sinay ◽  
Maria Cristina Fogliatti de Sinay
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Scholarly Community ◽  
Pandemic Virus ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Taking advantage of tourists’ intensive flow, the SARS-CoV-2 virus rapidly spread causing thousands of deaths globally. Trying to contain the already pandemic virus, government travel restrictions were suddenly imposed. Consequently, the tourism industry, which at that moment employed one in ten workers globally, suddenly collapsed. Hundreds of thousands of workers immediately lost their income. Flights were cancelled, and thousands of tourists were stuck abroad with no means to return to their home countries. The gravity of the situation raised the question of whether there was scholarly knowledge that could have helped manage tourism during the current pandemic. To answer this question, a methodical literature review was performed, allowing for up to 900 publications to be analysed. Keywords used were pandemic, tourism, tourist and travel. Based on this process, 63 publications were selected for further analysis. Among these, less than 5% were focused on the tourism side of the problem. As such, this research concludes that, by the time the novel coronavirus emerged, there was, virtually, no scholarly knowledge on how to manage tourism during pandemic times so as to avoid chaos, and that the scholarly community studying related issues is very small. Moving forward, this article recommends that research funding agencies and universities encourage the sound development of this area of knowledge. Aspects that should be investigated include when, how and by whom should tourism be halted, as well as the feasibility of a Tourism World Fund for supporting related costs.

Medical Tourism

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-42
Author(s):  
Oğuz Doğan
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
Demand For Health

The number of travels around the world to benefit from health services provided abroad is increasing every year. The high level of global demand for health services has influenced the rapid development of the medical tourism industry. Due to these developments in the industry, a global market has emerged, the medical tourism market. Countries operating in the industry are also striving to gain share from this large market or to increase their existing market shares. In this study, different perspective on global phenomenon, medical tourism, medical tourism market, and leader destinations in the industry are examined in detail.

scholarly journals Point-of-Care Diagnostic Services as an Integral Part of Health Services during the Novel Coronavirus 2019 Era

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Tivani P. Mashamba-Thompson ◽  
Paul K. Drain
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Services ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Point-of-care (POC) diagnostic services are commonly associated with pathology laboratory services. This issue presents a holistic approach to POC diagnostics services from a variety of disciplines including pathology, radiological and information technology as well as mobile technology and artificial intelligence. This highlights the need for transdisciplinary collaboration to ensure the efficient development and implementation of point-of-care diagnostics. The advent of the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted rapid advances in the development of new POC diagnostics. Global private and public sector agencies have significantly increased their investment in the development of POC diagnostics. There is no longer a question about the availability and accessibility of POC diagnostics. The question is “how can POC diagnostic services be integrated into health services in way that is useful and acceptable in the COVID-19 era?”.

scholarly journals How far Covid19 virus spread can be curbed by relaxing lockdown in different stages? -A study in Indian scenario

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arindom Chakraborty ◽  
Kalyan Das
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Data ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Term Forecast ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Indian Scenario

ABSTRACTAfter the emergence of the first cases in Wuhan, China, the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection has rapidly spread out to other provinces, neighboring countries and finally has become a global terror. It is indeed a matter of serious concern to study the transmission dynamics of this virus. The potential and severity of an outbreak and providing critical information for identifying the type of disease interventions and intensity can be well understood by the unknown basic reproduction number. A stochastic model can be used to estimate this number with possible safeguard on uncertainties. It is essential to assess how the expensive, resource-intensive measures can contribute to the prevention and control of the 2019-nCoV infection and how long they should be maintained. A short-term forecast of incidences are often of high priority. The challenge is to forecast unseen “future” simulated data for three different scenarios at some time points. We estimate current levels of transmissibility, over variable time points under different levels of interventions and use that to forecast near-future incidence. The forecasted values of incidence can be used for determining the near future mortality also.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Slums: A Pandemic Highlights Gaps in Knowledge About Urban Poverty

10.2196/19578 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e19578
Author(s):  
John Friesen ◽  
Peter F Pelz
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

According to the United Nations, about 1 billion persons live in so-called slums. Numerous studies have shown that this population is particularly vulnerable to infectious diseases. The current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, emphatically underlines this problem. The often high-density living quarters coupled with a large number of persons per dwelling and the lack of adequate sanitation are reasons why measures to contain the pandemic only work to a limited extent in slums. Furthermore, assignment to risk groups for severe courses of COVID-19 caused by noncommunicable diseases (eg, cardiovascular diseases) is not possible due to inadequate data availability. Information on people living in slums and their health status is either unavailable or only exists for specific regions (eg, Nairobi). We argue that one of the greatest problems with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of slums in the Global South is the lack of data on the number of people, their living conditions, and their health status.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Slums: A Pandemic Highlights Gaps in Knowledge About Urban Poverty (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Friesen ◽  
Peter F Pelz
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

UNSTRUCTURED According to the United Nations, about 1 billion persons live in so-called slums. Numerous studies have shown that this population is particularly vulnerable to infectious diseases. The current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, emphatically underlines this problem. The often high-density living quarters coupled with a large number of persons per dwelling and the lack of adequate sanitation are reasons why measures to contain the pandemic only work to a limited extent in slums. Furthermore, assignment to risk groups for severe courses of COVID-19 caused by noncommunicable diseases (eg, cardiovascular diseases) is not possible due to inadequate data availability. Information on people living in slums and their health status is either unavailable or only exists for specific regions (eg, Nairobi). We argue that one of the greatest problems with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of slums in the Global South is the lack of data on the number of people, their living conditions, and their health status.

IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC ON INSURANCE IN THE TOURIST INDUSTRY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Yu. E. KLISHINA ◽  
◽  
O. N. UGLITSKIKH ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Tourist Industry ◽  
Travel Agents ◽  
Foreign Travel ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

The article provides an overview of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the tourism industry. The contribution of the tourism industry to GDP and employment of the population is also considered. In particular, the impact of the pandemic on insurance in tourism was considered. The tourism industry is one of those sectors of the Russian economy that was among the first to be hit by the novel coronavirus infection. We are talking about a blow not only viral, medical – after all, the first outbreak in Russia was a consequence of the return of citizens from foreign travel, but also a financial blow – due to the spread of COVID-19 around the world, current tours had to be interrupted, and those planned at a later date – cancel or reschedule. In such conditions, tour operators, travel agents, carriers and other participants in the tourist services market suffered serious losses.

scholarly journals COVID-19, the novel coronavirus 2019: current updates and the future

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Singh ◽  
Shashank Kumar Srivastav ◽  
Akhil Mittal ◽  
Mansukhjeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Rna Virus ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Serological Testing ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Viral Culture ◽  
The Common ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Viral Sequencing ◽  
Near Future

COVID-19 is a new strain that has not been previously identified in humans. It is large, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus. The clinical features range from the common cold to more severe diseases i.e., MERS and SARS. Incubation period ranges between 1-12.5 days (median 5-6 days). As on 07 March, 2020 total confirmed cases are 1,01,927 with 3486 deaths in 93 countries/territories/areas. The various lab tests for COVID-19 virus are NAAT, serological testing, viral sequencing and viral culture. Many aspects of this virus is still not understood. The authors in this article describe studies to know the pathogenesis as well as immunological response with use of animal methods. Authors also discuss genetic engineering, evaluation of activation and inflammatory activity of myeloid cells during pathogenic human coronavirus, etc. that can help in prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in near future.

scholarly journals THE INVISIBLE CRY OF NON-COVID-19 PATIENTS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: THE NEGLECTED MANY

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Anju Singh ◽  
Avir Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Services ◽  
Admission Rate ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Public ◽  
Care Services ◽  
The Face ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Routine Procedures ◽  
Near Future ◽  
To Receive

While the novel coronavirus has changed the face of the society and affected healthcare system immensely, non-COVID-19 patients tend to suffer the most. After 6 months of different phases of lockdown, patients are finding it very difficult to make their way to the hospitals and out- patient departments. Routine procedures including elective surgeries are completely withheld in the public sector. Hence, an obvious upgrading of their ailments are likely to occur in the near future. The pandemic has posed great challenges to those who used to travel miles to receive health care services in distant cities. It has also reduced the admission rate of patients to emergency departments. India, experiencing the highest surge of cases in the present time, is likely to suffer the brunt of this deadly war. With fast depletion of resources, non-COVID-19 patients are left with nothing but a blind fate that will leave them ruined by the time corona gets cured from the society.

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