scholarly journals The Influence of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement on the Mechanical Performance of Bituminous Mixtures. An Analysis at the Mortar Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8343
Author(s):  
Ana E. Hidalgo ◽  
Fernando Moreno-Navarro ◽  
Raúl Tauste ◽  
M. Carmen Rubio-Gámez
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Elastic Response ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Water Sensitivity ◽  
Term Performance

The main characteristics of bituminous mixtures manufactured with a considerable amount of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), compared to conventional mixtures, are a reduction in workability, an increase in stiffness, and a loss of ductility, due to the presence of the aged bitumen contained in the RAP particles. To minimize these impacts, softer binders or rejuvenators are commonly used in the design of these mixtures in order to restore part of the ductility lost and to reduce the stiffness. In spite of previous investigations demonstrating that the mortar plays an essential role in the workability, long-term performance, and durability of bituminous mixtures (where cracking, cohesion, and adhesion problems all start at this scale), not many studies have assessed the impacts caused by the presence of RAP. In response to this, the present paper analyzes the workability, fatigue performance, and water sensitivity of bituminous mortars containing different amounts of RAP (from 0% to 100%) and rejuvenators. Mortar specimens were compacted using a gyratory compactor and studied via dynamic mechanical analysis under three point bending configuration. The results demonstrated that the presence of RAP reduces the workability and ductility of asphalt mortars. However, it also causes an increase in their stiffness, which induces a more elastic response and causes an increase in their resistance to fatigue, which could compensate for the loss of ductility. This aspect, together with the low water sensitivity shown, when using Portland cement as an active filler, would make it possible to produce asphalt materials with high RAP contents with a similar long-term mechanical performance as traditional ones. In addition, the use of rejuvenators was demonstrated to effectively correct the negative workability and ductility impacts caused by using RAP, without affecting the fatigue resistance and material adhesion/cohesion.

scholarly journals Performance Assessment of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) in Road Surface Mixtures

Recycling ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Vítor Antunes ◽  
José Neves ◽  
Ana Cristina Freire
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Water Sensitivity ◽  
Short And Long Term

Considerable amounts of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) are produced every year, as the road network requires maintenance to ensure the safety and comfort of its users. RAP is a 100% recyclable material and a useful fit to be re-introduced into another cycle without downgrading its functionality. Despite the current knowledge about the benefits associated with RAP use, it is not yet largely applied in several countries. This paper aims to validate, on the basis of both short- and long-term mechanical behaviours, the application of a bituminous mixture with a high RAP incorporation rate (75%) in road pavement wearing courses. A crude tall oil rejuvenator was used. Both short- and long-term oven ageing procedures were employed to simulate the ageing that occurs during mixture production and in-service life, respectively. The tests for validating the RAP mixture as an alternative solution comprised stiffness, resistance to fatigue, permanent deformation, and determination of the water sensitivity. Furthermore, the RAP bitumen mobilisation degree was evaluated and a mixing protocol was established. In comparison with virgin bituminous mixtures, it was found that, in general, the high RAP mixtures presented similar or better behaviour. The ageing process had a hardening effect namely in terms of stiffness and resistance to permanent deformation, without significant effects on the resistance to fatigue and water damage.

Mechanical performance of sustainable asphalt mixtures manufactured with copper slag and high percentages of reclaimed asphalt pavement

2021 ◽  
Vol 304 ◽  
pp. 124653
Author(s):  
Osvaldo Muñoz-Cáceres ◽  
Aitor C. Raposeiras ◽  
Diana Movilla-Quesada ◽  
Daniel Castro-Fresno ◽  
Manuel Lagos-Varas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt

Characterization of binder and mix properties to detect reclaimed asphalt pavement content in bituminous mixtures

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
J S Chen ◽  
P Y Chu ◽  
Y Y Lin ◽  
K Y Lin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Relative Energy ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Noticeable Increase

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to recommend a testing procedure to detect the content of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) used in hot-mix asphalt mixtures. Asphalt was extracted from RAP for use in blending with new binder and aggregate. The recovered binders were blended with virgin asphalt (AC-10) at 10 different concentrations. A concept called relative energy loss was proposed to determine the engineering properties of recycled asphalt concrete (RAC). The relative energy loss was found to be directly related to the resistance of RAC to moisture-induced damage. A noticeable increase in relative energy loss with as much as 50% RAP was observed. At 20% RAP, there was not enough RAP to change binder or mixture properties. The predicted performance of mixtures containing up to 40% RAP by weight was shown to be similar to that of virgin material mixtures. A model was developed to estimate the RAP content in terms of penetration, viscosity, and relative energy loss. Key words: reclaimed asphalt pavement, relative energy loss, moisture sensitivity.

scholarly journals Reuse of bituminous pavements: A mini-review of research, regulations and modelling

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joke Anthonissen ◽  
Wim Van den bergh ◽  
Johan Braet
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Life Cycle Stage ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures

Bituminous pavement can be recycled – even multiple times – by reusing it in new bituminous mixtures. If the mechanical properties of the binder get worse, this reclaimed asphalt is often used in the sub-structure of the road. Apparently, up till now, no end-of-life phase exists for the material. Actually, defining the end-of-life and the end-of-waste stage of a material is important for life cycle assessment modelling. Various standards and scientific studies on modelling life cycle assessment are known, but the crucial stages are not yet defined for reclaimed asphalt pavement. Unlike for iron, steel and aluminium scrap, at this moment, no legislative end-of-waste criteria for aggregates are formulated by the European Commission. More research is necessary in order to develop valuable end-of-life criteria for aggregates. This contribution is a mini-review article of the current regulations, standards and studies concerning end-of-life and end-of-waste of reclaimed asphalt pavement. The existing methodology in order to define end-of-waste criteria, a case study on aggregates and the argumentation used in finished legislative criteria are the basis to clarify some modelling issues for reclaimed asphalt material. Hence, this contribution elucidates the assignment of process environmental impacts to a life cycle stage as defined by EN15804, that is, end-of-life stage (C) and the supplementary information Module D with benefits and loads beyond the system boundary.

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