scholarly journals Carbon Emission Reduction Strategy for Energy Users in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuquan Zhao ◽  
Feiqi Liu ◽  
Han Hao ◽  
Zongwei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
The Cost

The Chinese government has made a commitment to control carbon emissions, and the deployment of renewable energy power generation is considered as an effective solution. In recent years, great effort has been exerted to support the development of renewable energy in China. While, due to fiscal pressures and changes in management policies, related subsidies are diminishing now and energy users are asked to pay for the cost. Regulations about carbon cap and renewable energy consumptions are issued to transfer the responsibility of consuming renewable energy and reducing carbon emissions to energy consumers. A national carbon trading system is set up in China and is under its growth stage. Therefore, this study lists the factors that should be considered by the energy users, analyzes the levelized cost of electricity generated by renewable energy in four cities in China, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan, and compares the results with current carbon prices. Based on the research, under the current status, it is still more cost-efficient for enterprises to buy carbon credits than introduce renewable energies, and great differences among cities are shown due to different natural conditions. Besides, with diminishing subsidies and development of the carbon trading market, the carbon price will gradually reflect the actual value and carbon emission reduction costs will become an important part of enterprise expenditure. In the long term, enterprises should link more factors to carbon emissions, like social responsibility and brand image, instead of only the cost.

scholarly journals Carbon Emission Reduction and Coordination Strategies for New Energy Vehicle Closed-Loop Supply Chain under the Carbon Trading Policy

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Yan Yin ◽  
Fengcai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Order Quantity ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
Cost Coefficient ◽  
New Energy ◽  
New Energy Vehicle ◽  
The Cost

Due to the increasingly serious energy crisis and environmental pollution, new energy vehicle (NEV) as a environmentally-friendly travel tool has been vigorously developed by various countries. However, in 2020, China officially enters the “postsubsidy era” in which the carbon trading scheme will replace the current fiscal and taxation system, affecting the implementation of NEV. Under the carbon trading policy, it has gradually become a major issue how NEV companies achieve production revenue coordination and carbon emission optimization decisions. This study focuses on building a multilevel supply chain for NEV production, sales, and component recycling. In addition, this study establishes a Stackelberg game model dominated by NEV manufacturers and uses contracts to coordinate the model. Results are as follows: (1) With the increasing maturity and perfection of enterprises’ carbon emission reduction technology, consumers’ demand for new energy vehicles will increase, and the effect will be more obvious when the system centralized decision-making. (2) Since the centralized decision is aimed at the total profit of the system and has the advantage of optimal order quantity, the total benefit of the supply chain is higher than that of the decentralized decision. Moreover, if the cost coefficient of carbon emission reduction is small, the total benefit of the supply chain under the centralized decision will be more obvious. (3) From the perspective of each member of the supply chain, the profit change of the manufacturer is more sensitive to the change of order quantity compared with the cost coefficient of carbon emission reduction. When the cost of carbon emission reduction technology is too high, manufacturers may not have much incentive to carry out technological research and development and innovation, resulting in failure to achieve system optimization. (4) This study designed a revenue-cost-sharing contract coordination mechanism; that is, the retailer will provide part of the revenue to the manufacturer, and the manufacturer will provide recovery compensation to the recycler.

scholarly journals Research on Carbon Emission Reduction Effect of China's Carbon Trading Pilot

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 240-250
Author(s):  
Linshan Wang ◽  
Chuanming Liu ◽  
Xi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emissions Trading ◽  
Emission Rights ◽  
Development Levels

Carbon emissions trading is one of the important ways to reduce carbon emissions by giving CO2 emission rights a commodity attribute that allows them to trade on the market and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through the market mechanisms. Based on the inter-provincial panel data from 1997 to 2016, this paper constructs a basic theoretical analysis framework to analyze the carbon emission reduction effects of carbon trading policies, adopts PSM-DID to study the carbon emission reduction effects of carbon trading pilots. This study finds that: (1) The implementation of the carbon trading pilot can promote carbon emission reduction, but the pilot provinces and municipalities have different economic development levels, industrial structure and supporting measures adopted after the implementation of the carbon trading pilot policy, resulting in differences in carbon emission reduction effects between pilot provinces. (2) For the seller of carbon emission rights, carbon emission reduction is achieved through three effects of "market return-inducing", "technical innovation incentive" and "government support"; for the buyer, carbon emission reduction is achieved through three effects of "enterprise cost pressure", "process innovation motivation" and "market guiding". (4) The results of traditional PSM-DID further prove that the carbon trading pilot can significantly reduce CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals Development and Utilization of Renewable Energy Based on Carbon Emission Reduction—Evaluation of Multiple MCDM Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9822
Author(s):  
Tao Li ◽  
Ang Li ◽  
Yimiao Song
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
Photovoltaic Power ◽  
Development And Utilization

With the proposed target of carbon peak and carbon neutralization, the development and utilization of renewable energy with the goal of carbon emission reduction is becoming increasingly important in China. We used the analytic hierarchy process (ANP) and a variety of MCDM methods to quantitatively evaluate renewable energy indicators. This study measured the sequence and differences of the development and utilization of renewable energy in different regions from the point of view of carbon emission reduction, which provides a new analytical perspective for the utilization and distribution of renewable energy in China and a solution based on renewable energy for achieving the goal of carbon emission reduction as soon as possible. The reliability of the evaluation system was further enhanced by confirmation through a variety of methods. The results show that the environment and carbon dimensions are the primary criteria to evaluate the priority of renewable energy under carbon emission reduction. In the overall choice of renewable energy, photovoltaic energy is the best solution. After dividing regions according to carbon emission intensity and resource endowment, areas with serious carbon emissions are suitable for the development of hydropower; areas with sub-serious carbon emissions should give priority to the development of photovoltaic or wind power; high-carbon intensity area I should vigorously develop wind power; high-carbon intensity area II should focus on developing photovoltaic power; second high-carbon intensity areas I and II are suitable for the development of wind power and photovoltaic power; and second high-carbon intensity areas III and IV are the most suitable for hydropower.

scholarly journals The Impact and Influencing Path of the Pilot Carbon Emission Trading market——Evidence From China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wangzi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Carbon Market ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
The World ◽  
Carbon Emission Trading ◽  
The Impact

As the country with the largest CO2 emissions in the world, the Chinese government has put forward clear goals of hitting peak carbon emissions by 2030 and carbon neutralization by 2060. Thus, China started piloting carbon emission trading in 2013, and in July 2021 China opened national carbon trading, which is the largest carbon market in the world (China Launches World, 2021). Therefore, it is very important for China to study the role and mechanism of carbon trading at present. Based on the quasi-natural experiment of China’s carbon market pilot, this paper uses panel data of 30 provinces in mainland China from 2008 to 2019 to conduct an empirical study on carbon emission reduction and the economic effects in China’s pilot provinces through a Time-varying Differences-in-Differences method model. The results show that the implementation of a carbon trading policy can significantly inhibit carbon emissions and promote economic growth. At the same time, this paper further analyzes the emission reduction mechanism of the carbon emissions trading policy through the intermediary effect test and finds that the policy mainly realizes carbon emission reduction by changing the energy consumption structure, promoting low-carbon innovation, and upgrading the industrial structure. In addition, innovative research has found the impact of a carbon price signal and marketization on the emission reduction effect of the carbon market. Finally, targeted suggestions are put forward.

scholarly journals The Study of the Impact of Carbon Finance Effect on Carbon Emissions in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region—Based on Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index Decomposition Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Di Liu ◽  
Jian Hou ◽  
Dandan Xu ◽  
Wenbo Chao
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Logarithmic Mean ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Finance ◽  
The Impact

The negative effects of global warming are becoming more and more serious. The fundamental way to prevent global warming is by reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Achieving this has become a key concern for all countries. The logarithmic mean divisia index model was constructed to decompose the total carbon emission increment. Carbon finance effect was divided into green credit effect and carbon trading effect to analyze the impact of carbon finance on carbon emissions. The results showed that the total carbon emission reduction value caused by green credit effect from 2010 to 2016 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was 66193.96 million tons, and the added value of carbon emission caused by carbon trading effect was 80266.68 million tons. There are regional differences in the effects of carbon finance on carbon emissions in these regions. It can be concluded that to a certain extent, green credit can reduce carbon emissions, and carbon trading can increase carbon emissions. Using the gradual expansion of carbon finance trading and market mechanism of carbon finance to solve the problem of carbon emission can improve the efficiency of carbon emission reduction.

scholarly journals Carbon Emission Estimation of Assembled Composite Concrete Beams during Construction

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1810
Author(s):  
Kaitong Xu ◽  
Haibo Kang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Ping Jiang ◽  
Na Li
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
The Government

At present, the issue of carbon emissions from buildings has become a hot topic, and carbon emission reduction is also becoming a political and economic contest for countries. As a result, the government and researchers have gradually begun to attach great importance to the industrialization of low-carbon and energy-saving buildings. The rise of prefabricated buildings has promoted a major transformation of the construction methods in the construction industry, which is conducive to reducing the consumption of resources and energy, and of great significance in promoting the low-carbon emission reduction of industrial buildings. This article mainly studies the calculation model for carbon emissions of the three-stage life cycle of component production, logistics transportation, and on-site installation in the whole construction process of composite beams for prefabricated buildings. The construction of CG-2 composite beams in Fujian province, China, was taken as the example. Based on the life cycle assessment method, carbon emissions from the actual construction process of composite beams were evaluated, and that generated by the composite beam components during the transportation stage by using diesel, gasoline, and electric energy consumption methods were compared in detail. The results show that (1) the carbon emissions generated by composite beams during the production stage were relatively high, accounting for 80.8% of the total carbon emissions, while during the transport stage and installation stage, they only accounted for 7.6% and 11.6%, respectively; and (2) during the transportation stage with three different energy-consuming trucks, the carbon emissions from diesel fuel trucks were higher, reaching 186.05 kg, followed by gasoline trucks, which generated about 115.68 kg; electric trucks produced the lowest, only 12.24 kg.

scholarly journals Low-Carbon Economic Bi-Level Optimal Dispatching of an Integrated Power and Natural Gas Energy System Considering Carbon Trading

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6968
Author(s):  
Hong Li ◽  
Yazhong Ye ◽  
Lanxin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Power System ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
Gas System

The integrated power and natural gas energy system (IPGES) is of great significance to promote the coordination and complementarity of multi-energy flow, and it is an important carrier to increase the proportion of wind power accommodation and achieve the goal of carbon emission reduction. In this paper, firstly, the reward and punishment ladder-type carbon trading model is constructed, and the impact of the carbon trading mechanisms on the carbon emission sources in the power system is comparatively analyzed. Secondly, in order to achieve a reasonable allocation of carbon resources in IPGES, a bi-level optimization model is established while taking into account the economics of dispatching and the requirements of carbon emission reduction. Among them, the outer layer is the optimal carbon price solution model considering carbon trading; in the inner layer, considering the power system constraints, natural gas system constraints, and coupling element operation constraints, a stochastic optimal dispatching model of IPGES based on scenario analysis is established. Scenario generation and reduction methods are used to deal with the uncertainty of wind power, and the inner model is processed as a mixed integer linear programming problem. In the MATLAB environment, program the dichotomy and call the Gurobi optimization solver to complete the interactive solution of the inner and outer models. Finally, case studies that use an integrated IEEE 39-bus power system and Belgian 20-node gas system demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of the proposed model and optimization method.

scholarly journals Optimal Decisions for Two Risk-Averse Competitive Manufacturers under the Cap-and-Trade Policy and Uncertain Demand

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxia Sun ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Yang Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Cap And Trade ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
Optimal Decisions ◽  
The Government

With the increasingly serious problem of environmental pollution, reducing carbon emissions has become an urgent task for all countries. The cap-and-trade (C&T) policy has gained international recognition and has been adopted by several countries. In this paper, considering the uncertainty of market demand, we discuss the carbon emission reduction and price policies of two risk-averse competitive manufacturers under the C&T policy. The two manufacturers have two competitive behaviors: simultaneous decision making and sequential decision making. Two models were constructed for these behaviors. The optimal decisions, carbon emission reduction rate, and price were obtained from these two models. Furthermore, in this paper the effects of some key parameters on the optimal decision are discussed, and some managerial insights are obtained. The results show that the lower the manufacturers’ risk aversion level is, the higher their carbon emission reduction rate and utilities. As the carbon quota increases, the manufacturers’ optimal carbon reduction rate and utilities increase. Considering consumers’ environmental awareness, it is more beneficial for the government to reduce the carbon quota and motivate manufacturers’ internal enthusiasm for emission reduction. The government can, through macro control of the market, make carbon trading prices increase appropriately and encourage manufacturers to reduce carbon emissions.

scholarly journals Multi-Perspective Influence Mechanism Analysis and Multi-Scenario Prediction of Carbon Emissions——A Case of the Yangtze River Delta, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 04014
Author(s):  
Tao Yi ◽  
Mohan Qiu ◽  
Zhengang Zhang ◽  
Song Mu ◽  
Yu Tian
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
Influence Mechanism ◽  
The Yangtze River Delta

Under the mandatory push of meeting carbon emission reduction commitments proposed in the Paris Agreement, the analysis on the peaking time of China’s carbon emissions deserves enough attention. This paper focuses on the peaking times of total carbon emissions (TCE) and carbon emission intensity (CEI) in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). According to the development of carbon emissions in YRD and related targets in the 13th Five-Year Plan, the peaking times of TCE and CEI in different scenarios are predicted based on the influence mechanism analysis of carbon emissions in YRD from the perspective of energy, economy and society. Considering the development characteristics of China at this stage, this paper introduces several new indicators such as full-time equivalent of research and development (R&D) personnel and investment in environmental pollution control. Based on the study results, several policy recommendations are put forward to fulfil China’s carbon emission reduction commitments.

scholarly journals How to Allocate Carbon Emission Permits Among China’s Industrial Sectors Under the Constraint of Carbon Intensity?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianguo Zhou ◽  
Yushuo Li ◽  
Xuejing Huo ◽  
Xiaolei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Abatement Cost ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Emission Permits ◽  
Carbon Abatement ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Ferrous Metals

With the official launch of China’s national unified carbon trading system (ETS) in 2017, it has played an increasingly important role in controlling the growth of carbon dioxide emissions. One of the core issues in carbon trading is the allocation of initial carbon emissions permits. Since the industry emits the largest amount of carbon dioxide in China, a study on the allocation of carbon emission permits among China’s industrial sectors is necessary to promote industry carbon abatement efficiency. In this study, industrial carbon emissions permits are allocated to 37 sub-sectors of China to reach the emission reduction target of 2030 considering the carbon marginal abatement cost, carbon abatement responsibility, carbon abatement potential, and carbon abatement capacity. A hybrid approach that integrates data envelop analysis (DEA), the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and principal component analysis (PCA) is proposed to allocate carbon emission permits. The results of this study are as follows: First, under the constraint of carbon intensity, the carbon emission permits of the total industry in 2030 will be 8792 Mt with an average growth rate of 3.27%, which is 1.57 times higher than that in 2016. Second, the results of the carbon marginal abatement costs show that light industrial sectors and high-tech industrial sectors have a higher abatement cost, while energy-intensive heavy chemical industries have a lower abatement cost. Third, based on the allocation results, there are six industrial sub-sectors that have obtained major carbon emission permits, including the smelting and pressing of ferrous metals (S24), manufacturing of raw chemical materials and chemical products (S18), manufacturing of non-metallic mineral products (S23), smelting and pressing of non-ferrous metals (S25), production and supply of electric power and heat power (S35), and the processing of petroleum, coking, and processing of nuclear fuel (S19), accounting for 69.23% of the total carbon emissions permits. Furthermore, the study also classifies 37 industrial sectors to explore the emission reduction paths, and proposes corresponding policy recommendations for different categories.

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