scholarly journals Reduction of Internal Phosphorus Load in New Lakes by Pretreatment of the Former Agricultural Soil—Methods, Ecological Results and Costs

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3575
Author(s):  
Thor Kolath ◽  
Lotte Reuss ◽  
Sara Egemose ◽  
Kasper Reitzel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
P Release ◽  
Nutrient Discharge ◽  
P Flux ◽  
Commercial Iron

New lakes are established or reestablished to provide ecosystem services such as limiting floods and nutrient discharge and to improve biodiversity. New lakes are often established on fertilized land formerly used for agricultural purposes, thereby posing a risk of issues such as phosphorus (P) release when inundated. Release of P from agricultural soil affects both the developing ecosystem of the new lake and may increase downstream eutrophication. To decrease P release following inundation, three simple and cost-effective soil pretreatments were tested through laboratory soil–water fluxes from the test sites in the new Lake Roennebaek and the fluxes of P, nitrogen (N), and iron (Fe) were compared. The pretreatments compared were sand-capping, depth-plowing, and addition of the commercial iron product CFH-12® (Kemira). Untreated agricultural soil incubated under laboratory conditions released 687 ± 88 mg P·m−2 over 207 days and 85% was released within 60 days from inundation followed by low soil–water P exchange during the remaining incubation period. However, P was still released from the untreated soil 180 days after inundation within the lake. The cumulated P flux of the three pretreatment methods was in comparison negative, between −12 ± 3 and −17 ± 4 mg P·m−2 over 207 days incubation and showed negative P fluxes from cores collected within the lake 180 days after inundation. This study showed that the release of P when establishing new lakes on former agricultural land could be minimized using these simple and cost-effective methods, which may improve the ecological status of future lakes and enable the establishment of new lakes without threatening vulnerable downstream ecosystems.

ECOLOGICAL STATUS AND RECONSTRUCTION OF RYAZAN REGION MELIORATION SYSTEM

1970 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
P. N. Vanyushin ◽  
A. V. Kuzin ◽  
А. А. Pavlov ◽  
А. V. Nefedov ◽  
N. А. Ivannikova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Viable Systems ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Technical Operation

The article analyzes the current state of the irrigation and drainage systems of the Ryazan region. It is shown that the lack of technical operation of the drainage network led to its failure and failure to perform its functions. Irrigation, in spite of the fact that it gives stability in the years of droughts due to aging and the dismantling of machinery and equipment is not carried out. It is shown that for the reconstruction and / or modernization of irrigation and drainage systems it is necessary on the basis of inventory to determine the environmentally optimal and economically viable systems, their parts and structures that require rehabilitation, reconstruction and / or modernization. The decision to reconstruct may include not only the ameliorative system as a whole, but also some part of it, for example, a canal, pipeline or a separate hydraulic structure, taking into account the justification of economic feasibility. In dry periods, for the Meshcherskaya lowland and areas with peat soils, it is necessary to provide for land-reclamation systems for dual regulation of soil moisture, which reduces the possibility of peat ignition and the spread of fire. It should be borne in mind that the reconstruction of land-reclamation systems has its specific features, which include: socio-economic (increasing the productivity of agricultural land, obtaining additional income, creating modern infrastructure, increasing employment, living conditions, labor, etc.) ; ecological (creation of cultural landscapes, ensuring their ecological sustainability, prevention of land degradation processes, improvement of recreational conditions, elimination of waterlogging, flooding, salinization, erosion, etc.). Reclamation activities are carried out in compliance with the requirements of land, water, forestry legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of the environment, on the subsurface, on the plant world and on the animal world.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution and Evaluation of Arsenic and Zinc Content in the Soil of a Karst Landscape

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6976
Author(s):  
Dimitrios E. Alexakis ◽  
George D. Bathrellos ◽  
Hariklia D. Skilodimou ◽  
Dimitra E. Gamvroula
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Urban Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Evaluation ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
North West ◽  
Total Study Area

Karst features such as polje are highly vulnerable to natural and anthropogenic pollution. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the soil quality in the Ioannina polje (north-west Greece) concerning arsenic (As) and zinc (Zn), and delineate their origin as well as compare the As and Zn content in soil with criteria recorded in the literature. For this purpose, the geomorphological settings, the land use, and the soil physicochemical properties were mapped and evaluated, including soil texture and concentrations of aqua-regia extractable As and Zn. The concentration of elements was spatially correlated with the land use and the geology of the study area, while screening values were applied to assess land suitability. The results reveal that 72% of the total study area has a very gentle slope. This relief favors urban and agricultural activity. Thus, the urban and agricultural land used cover 92% of the total area. The spatial distribution for As and Zn in the soil of the study area is located on very gentle slopes and is strongly correlated with the geological parent materials and human-induced contamination sources. Arsenic and Zn can be considered enriched in the soil of the area studied. The median topsoil contents (in mg kg−1) for As (agricultural soil 16.0; urban soil 17.8) and Zn (agricultural soil 92.0; urban soil 95.0) are higher compared to the corresponding median values of European topsoils. Land evaluation suitability concerning criteria given from the literature is discussed. The proposed work may be helpful in the project of land use planning and the protection of the natural environment.

Reducing Nutrient Loads in Northern Irish Catchments: A Modelling Approach Based on Load Apportionment and Flow Pathway Identification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Adams ◽  
Donnacha Doody
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Load Reduction ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Flow Pathways ◽  
Flow Pathway

<p>Northern Ireland has been somewhat overlooked in terms of water quality modelling in the past. Many of its catchments have consistently failed to meet Water Framework Directive targets especially due to high levels of dissolved nutrients and poor ecological status. A catchment based modelling study to address this issue has not been undertaken here previously and the approach described here uses two water quality models to achieve this aim. The objectives of the modelling were firstly to identify the total load reductions (in terms of Phosphorus (P)) required to reduce in-stream loadings sufficiently for concentrations of soluble reactive P (SRP) to be reduced to achieve the WFD “Good” status levels, and secondly to split these loadings into diffuse and point components. The third objective was to identify the most likely flow pathways for the transport of the diffuse component of P to the watercourses particularly for the agricultural (mostly intensive grassland farming) land use which dominates in almost all NI catchments.</p><p>The first model applied is the Source Load Apportionment Model (SLAM) developed by the Irish EPA. This model provides a large-scale assessment of the point and diffuse load components across catchments where multiple pressures are occurring. The second model us the Catchment Runoff Flux Assessment Tool (CRAFT) which is able to back-calculate nutrient loads associated with three major flow pathways. SLAM is a static model which uses averaged loadings from diffuse agriculture and non-agricultural land uses, and point sources (where information can be obtained from various sources) to calculate N and P exports. For P, the agricultural diffuse load component uses an enhanced version of the export coefficient approach based on combining the sources of P from applied nutrients (slurry and fertiliser) and soil P. A modelling tool allows the user to evaluate load reduction scenarios where one or several components of P (both point and diffuse) are adjusted downwards to achieve the catchment’s required load reduction. The CRAFT model works on a dynamic (daily) modelling scale and has simulated sub-catchments where the SLAM model has identified the need for significant load reductions. It identifies the different reductions (P export) that are required for each flow pathway, which will then inform on the type of additional measures (e.g. sediment traps, riparian buffer strips and wetlands) that may also be required.</p><p>The initial aim of this study is to complete a pilot application to the trans-border (UK and ROI) Blackwater catchment (1360 km<sup>2</sup>). Through a review of alternative modelling options for the whole area of NI, an assessment of whether this approach is suitable for application to the entire territory can be made.</p>

scholarly journals A RECONNAISSANCE-SCALE GIS-BASED MULTICRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS TO SUPPORT SUSTAINABLE BIOCHAR USE: POLAND AS A CASE STUDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka E LATAWIEC ◽  
Lewis PEAKE ◽  
Helen BAXTER ◽  
Gerard CORNELISSEN ◽  
Katarzyna GROTKIEWICZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Multicriteria Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Potential Barriers ◽  
Indirect Land Use Change ◽  
Biomass Availability ◽  
Change Mitigation

Although increasing numbers of research papers regarding biochar are being published worldwide, in some countries growing interest in biochar has only recently been observed; this is true of Poland. We analysed information on biochar research in Poland alongside lessons learned elsewhere in order to identify the significant opportunities and risks associated with biochar use. This data fed into a GIS-based multicriteria analysis to identify areas where biochar application could deliver greatest benefit. We found that 21.8% of agricultural land in Poland has at least moderate indication for biochar use (soil organic matter below 2% and ph below 5.5), while 1.5% was categorized as a priority as it also exhibited contamination. Potential barriers identified included biomass availability and associated risks of indirect land-use change due to possible national and transnational biomass production displacement. Biochar use could have positive global consequences as a climate change mitigation strategy, particularly relevant in a country with limited alternatives. Scaling up a mitigation technology that is viable on account of its co-benefits might be cost-effective, which could, in turn, adjust national perspectives and stronger involvement in developing mitigation policies at the regional level. Biochar has much promise in temperate conditions and further research should therefore be assigned to explore biochar’s environmental and socio-economic impacts.

scholarly journals Optimizing Rotavator Design Towards Enhancing Agricultural Crop Productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Seedbed Preparation

By continuous and rapid growth in industrialization as well as population, the agricultural lands are also becoming less and less continuously day by day which results in increase in the population of small land holders. In addition to this, because of continuous decreasing production the youth of the villages are also migrating in big cities for the employment, resulting decreasing manpower essential to perform various seedbed operations in the villages. Hence, it is the need of time for small farmers having small agricultural land and having less crop production to introduce the cost-effective farm mechanization so that they can improve production rate. Rotavator is the best option available to achieve this landmark as it is already proved that seedbed prepared by using rotavator gives highest benefit to cost ratio. For this experimental study the whole land of 9 acre area is divided into 18 plots of equal size in area. The combination of method of seedbed preparation and use of fertilizers were the preliminary criteria. The categories of fertilizer according to quantity are discussed earlier which are 50kg, 35kg and 65kg per acre respectively. The quantities of organic fertilizer used are 45kg and 60kg per acre of agricultural land for both seedbeds which are prepared manually and by using rotavator. The highest production of Pigeon Pea was obtained of 814kg was from the plot whose seedbed is prepared by using agricultural machine called rotavator and organic fertilizer; next highest production is obtained of 802 kg from the plot whose seedbed is prepared by using rotavator and the fertilizer used was chemical fertilizer. The minimum production of Pigeon Pea which is 690 kg was obtained in the plot whose seedbed was prepared manually and chemical fertilizer was used.

scholarly journals Abandoned Land Classification Using Classical Theory Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jūrate Sužiedelyte Visockiene ◽  
Egle Tumeliene
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Region Growing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Land Classification ◽  
Information Portal ◽  
Abandoned Land ◽  
Rgb Images

According to the official statistics the areas of abandoned agricultural land in Lithuania are gradually decreasing, but very slightly. The aim of this study is to research spatial determination and abandoned land classification in the territory of Vilnius District Municipality. Vilnius District Municipality was chosen for the research because it, although located near the capital of the country and has a high population density, it is still the district having the largest percent of abandoned land plots. A fast, cost-effective and sufficiently accurate method for determination of abandoned land plots would allow to constantly monitor, to fix changes and foresee the abandoned land plots reduction possibilities. In the study there was used the multispectral RGB and NIR color Sentinel-2 satellite images, the layer of the administrative boundary of Vilnius County and layer of abandoned agriculture land, which is available in Lithuanian Spatial Information Portal (www.geoportal.lt). The data was processed by Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques using classical classification Region Growing Algorithm. The research shows that NIR image classification result is more reliable than the result from RGB images.

Internal phosphorus loading as the response to complete and then limited sustainable restoration of a shallow lake

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kowalczewska-Madura ◽  
Renata Dondajewska ◽  
Ryszard Gołdyn ◽  
Joanna Rosińska ◽  
Stanisław Podsiadłowski
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
P Release ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Iron Sulphate ◽  
Internal Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Profundal Zone

The urban Swarzędzkie Lake, into which sewage had been diverted many years ago, was still characterised by low ecological status. Three restoration methods were used in order to improve the water quality, i.e. aeration of the waters overlying the bottom sediments, inactivation of phosphorus in the water column with iron sulphate and magnesium chloride and biomanipulation with pike stocking. The aim of the research was to define seasonal and spatial changes of phosphorus internal loading from bottom sediments and to compare this with previous years. We also considered changes in the process of P release when the restoration treatments were limited after 3 yr from 3 methods to 1 method. The highest phosphorus release from bottom sediments was found in the profundal zone, where in summer periods it would reach up to 29.2 mgP m−2 day−1. The lowest P release was observed in the littoral zone, down to a depth of 3 m, where it did not exceed 10.0 mgP m−2 day−1. 31% of the whole load of P released from the bottom sediments was originated from this zone. The research showed an increase of phosphorus release in the first years of restoration treatment and a systematic decrease at all stations in the following years.

The effects of biochar on the physical properties of bare soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Ventura ◽  
Fiorenzo Salvatorelli ◽  
Stefano Piana ◽  
Linda Pieri ◽  
Paola Rossi Pisa
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Experimental Scheme ◽  
Dark Colour ◽  
Key Factor

ABSTRACTThe pyrolysis conversion of vegetable residues into energy and biochar, and its incorporation in agricultural soil, reduces CO2emission and provides a longterm soil carbon sequestration. Moreover, biochar application in soil seems to increase nutrient stocks in the rooting layer, improving crop yield. Compared with the numerous studies assessing the positive effect of biochar on yield, however, little research has been published elucidating the mechanisms responsible for the reported benefits. Few studies cited soil moisture as the key factor, attributing the increased yield to the higher soil water availability.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of biochar on the physical and hydraulic properties of a bare Padana Plain (Cadriano, Bologna) agricultural soil. A preliminary plot experiment in 2009 explored the influence of 10 and 30 kg ha–1of biochar on soil moisture, without effects from plants. Results of the first experiment suggested using higher biochar rates in a similar experimental scheme. During the second experiment, 30 and 60 t ha–1doses were investigated. Soil water content, bulk density, electrical conductivity and soil water retention were measured. The comparison between treated soils and the control indicates that the biochar rate is directly correlated to electrical conductibility and inversely correlated with bulk density. The effect on the density of soil can be very positive in case of heavy soils. The dark colour of the char increased the surface temperature with respect to the control, while no differences were detected at 7·5 cm depth. No influences were found on other soil characteristics, including soil pH, moisture and water retention.

Agriculture and Groundwater Protection - a Common Effort to Tackle the Nitrate Problem in Northern Bavaria, Germany

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Haas ◽  
Heiko Lukas ◽  
Axel Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Nitrogen Surplus ◽  
Common Effort ◽  
Recharge Rates ◽  
Lower Franconia ◽  
Cultivation Practice

Due to low groundwater recharge rates and intensive agricultural land use, elevated nitrate concentrations in groundwater are measured in Lower Franconia, Bavaria (Germany). Analysis of cultivation practice in this region showed that crops with high nitrogen-surplus were cultivated to a significant extent. By the example of a catchment area where drinking water is extracted, an approach for a change in agricultural land use was tested. Fields were classified according to soil quality and the type of sub-soil. Measures like conversion of arable land into grassland or changes in type of crop that is grown, were adjusted to the local (field) conditions. Thus nitrogen surplus could be reduced to half by the extensification of one third of the agricultural land. Due to the classification system, the measures are realised in the most cost-effective way as well.

scholarly journals The effects of red soil in removing phosphorus from water column and reducing phosphorus release from sediment in Lake Taihu

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1052-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lichun Dai ◽  
Gang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Lake Taihu ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Red Soil ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
P Adsorption ◽  
P Release ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Short Time

A natural red soil and a lanthanum-modified soil (LMS) were tested to compare their phosphorus (P) adsorption capacities and their effectiveness in removing P from the water column and reducing P release from sediment. The equilibrium of P adsorption demonstrated that the maximum P adsorption for the soil was 1.29 and 2.22 mg g−1 at pH 8.5 and 5.5, respectively, and for the LMS these were increased by 45.6 and 77.6% at pH 8.5 and 5.5, respectively, indicating that the soil was effective in P adsorption and the doping of lanthanum could substantially increase P adsorption. The sediment–water column incubation showed that, due to the P adsorption of the soil and LMS, the total P in the water column decreased by 58.5, 60.6, 68.2 and 77.2% for 180 g m−2 soil, 900 g m−2 soil, 180 g m−2 LMS and 900 g m−2 LMS treated systems, respectively, in a short time (6 h), and the capping layer substantially reduced the P release from sediment during column incubation, indicating that the soils were effective in reducing internal P load. However, considering the cost of LMS, the natural soil was suggested to be a cost-effective material to control internal P load.

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