scholarly journals The Effect of Jet Fuel Tax Changes on Air Transport, Employment, and the Environment in the US

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3352
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Sobieralski ◽  
Sarah M. Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Fuel Tax ◽  
Fuel Taxes ◽  
Ch4 And N2o ◽  
Tax Changes ◽  
Local Employment

This paper presents an analysis of the effects of jet fuel taxes on air traffic, employment and emissions using a difference-in-difference design. These findings are relevant, as US airports identify how to respond to revenue shortfalls and support local employment in the recovery after Covid-19. Jet fuel tax cuts are considered pro-growth by airlines and stakeholders, however, limited research documents the impacts on airline operations, employment, and emissions, which is an increasing issue given growing societal concerns about aviation sustainability. This study provides an analysis of the effects of changes in jet fuel taxes on air travel, employment, and the environment, using a difference-in-differences design based on data from major US airlines at several US hubs. Results suggest that a jet fuel tax cut increases air traffic by 0.2% on average but fades within a year. The direct effect on air transportation employment is insignificant, as is the effect on total employment. The estimated effect on pollution is an increase of over 1% in CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions. These findings illustrate the precarious balance between air transport growth, local employment, and environmental concerns, and may aid policymakers as they consider potential changes to jet fuel taxes.

Long-term spatiotemporal patterns of CH4 and N2O emissions from livestock and poultry production in Turkey

2009 ◽  
Vol 167 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 545-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Recep Kulcu ◽  
Kamil Ekinci ◽  
Fatih Evrendilek ◽  
Can Ertekin
Keyword(s):  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

scholarly journals Air transport liberalisation in the European Union and its impact on development of the civil aviation sector in Poland

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Pisarek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Market Structure ◽  
European Community ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Traffic Dynamics ◽  
Structure Changes

The objective of this paper is to present an overview of the process of air transport liberalisation within the European Community and its influence on development of the aviation market in Poland. The paper describes the stages of air transport liberalisation in the European Community and its implementation to the Polish market. The special focus is given to problems of existing effects of air transport liberalisation and perspectives of its development. The study primarily intends to examine market structure changes of the Polish civil aviation sector and air traffic dynamics over the years of Polish integration with the European Union, presenting the most up-to-date available statistics

The Economics of Air Traffic Control

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Angus Hislop
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Private Industry ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk

This paper is based mainly on a study carried out in 1976/7 for the UK Department of Industry into the long-term development of air traffic control systems in Europe by a team drawn from the Civil Aviation Authority, the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment and private industry, in which Coopers and Lybrand provided the economic expertise.Until the early 1970s, air traffic control was almost completely neglected by air transport economists. Economists contributed to the planning of airports and airline operations but not to the third facet of the air transport system. However, in 1970–1, in conjunction with a programme of expansion and improvement of the country's airports and airways, the US Department of Transportation launched a major study of the airport and airways system. This was designed to establish an equitable charging policy between the different categories of user but in the event its recommendations in this area have only recently begun to be followed.

scholarly journals Low-cost air traffic as a determinant of tourism development

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
Filip Bugarčić ◽  
Marijana Bugarčić
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Further Development

Air transport as an organized form of service provision, especially in passenger transport, can be important for increasing the number of foreign tourists. Globalization and the development of information technologies have contributed to the development of the business model of airlines, which has enabled a significant reduction in the cost of air travel and the accelerated development of this industry. Therefore, the emphasis is placed on the global trend of development of low-cost airlines, their way of doing business and the effects they have on the development of tourism. The increase in the number of low-budget airlines has multiple effects on the development of international tourism and passenger transport due to cheaper transport, which is made possible by improving the competitiveness of air transport after its deregulation. In addition, lower prices and a better logistical position can contribute to an increase in the number of foreign tourists and a higher income for this industry, as well as other related economic activities. The aim of this paper is to examine through theoretical and empirical insight whether there is an impact of low-cost airlines on the volume of air traffic and the intensity of passenger transport, with an emphasis on existing literature, as well as empirical confirmation on the example of Serbia. The conducted research has important implications, since in pandemic conditions, further development of low-budget airlines is expected to contribute to the recovery of air traffic and tourism.

scholarly journals Seasonality in Air Traffic and Incidence of Dangerous Occurrences in the Polish Air Transport Market in 2010-2017

2021 ◽  
Vol XXIV (Special Issue 4) ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Jaroslaw Kozuba ◽  
Stanislaw Sirko ◽  
Bartłomiej Czerkowski ◽  
Robert Wieszala ◽  
Ryszard Szynowski
Keyword(s):  
Air Traffic ◽  
Air Transport

scholarly journals Using manure as fertilizer for maize could improve sustainability of milk production

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0601 ◽  
Author(s):  
José D. Jiménez-Calderón ◽  
Adela Martínez-Fernández ◽  
Fernando Prospero-Bernal ◽  
José Velarde-Guillén ◽  
Carlos M. Arriaga-Jordán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Chemical Fertilization ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

This study evaluated the effect of organic or chemical fertilization of maize on cow performance, economic outcomes, and greenhouse gas emission. Each type of maize silage according its different fertilization was used in two rations offered to two different groups of nine Friesian-Holstein cows throughout 4 months. The production cost of the maize silage was 8.8% lower for organic than for chemical fertilization. Both silages had similar nutritive value, except a higher concentration of starch in maize with organic fertilization, which allowed a reduction in the proportion of concentrate in the ration, saving 25.3 eurocents per cow in the daily ration, generating a positive balance of 21.8 eurocents per cow and day. The milk yield and composition were unaffected depending on the type of fertilization, whereas the estimation of CH4 and N2O emissions with chemical fertilization was higher than emissions with organic fertilization. As a result, it is possible to increase the sustainability and profitability of dairy production with reuse and recycling of manure.

scholarly journals The nitrogen, carbon and greenhouse gas budget of a grazed, cut and fertilised temperate grassland

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie K. Jones ◽  
Carole Helfter ◽  
Margaret Anderson ◽  
Mhairi Coyle ◽  
Claire Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
N Budget ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Enteric Fermentation ◽  
C And N ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

Abstract. Intensively managed grazed grasslands in temperate climates are globally important environments for the exchange of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). We assessed the N and C budget of a mostly grazed, occasionally cut, and fertilized grassland in SE Scotland by measuring or modelling all relevant imports and exports to the field as well as changes in soil C and N pools over time. The N budget was dominated by import from inorganic and organic fertilisers (21.9 g N m2 yr−1) and losses from leaching (5.3 g N m2 yr−1), N2 emissions and NOx and NH3 volatilisation (6.4 g N m2 yr−1). The efficiency of N use by animal products (meat and wool) averaged 11 %. On average over nine years (2002–2010) the balance of N fluxes suggested that 7.2 ± 4.6 g N m−2 y−1 (mean ± confidence interval at p > 0.95) were stored in the soil. The largest component of the C budget was the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE), at an average uptake rate of 218 ± 155 g C m−2 y−1 over the nine years. This sink strength was offset by carbon export from the field mainly as harvest (48.9 g C m2 yr−1) and leaching (16.4 g C m2 yr−1). The other export terms, CH4 emissions from the soil, manure applications and enteric fermentation were negligible and only contributed to 0.02–4.2 % of the total C losses. Only a small fraction of C was incorporated into the body of the grazing animals. Inclusion of these C losses in the budget resulted in a C sink strength of 163 ± 140 g C m−2 y−1. On the contrary, soil stock measurements taken in May 2004 and May 2011 indicated that the grassland sequestered N in the 0–60 cm soil layer at 4.51 ± 2.64 g N m−2 y−1 and lost C at a rate of 29.08 ± 38.19 g C m−2 y-1, respectively. Potential reasons for the discrepancy between these estimates are probably an underestimation of C and N losses, especially from leaching fluxes as well as from animal respiration. The average greenhouse gas (GHG) balance of the grassland was −366 ± 601 g CO2 eq m−2 y−1 and strongly affected by CH4 and N2O emissions. The GHG sink strength of the NEE was reduced by 54 % by CH4 and N2O emissions. Enteric fermentation from the ruminating sheep proved to be an important CH4 source, exceeding the contribution of N2O to the GHG budget in some years.

CH4 and N2O emissions from different varieties of forage rice (Oryza sativa L.) treating liquid cattle waste

2012 ◽  
Vol 419 ◽  
pp. 178-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohei Riya ◽  
Sheng Zhou ◽  
Yoichi Watanabe ◽  
Masaki Sagehashi ◽  
Akihiko Terada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Forage Rice ◽  
Ch4 And N2o
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