scholarly journals Assessing the Sustainability of China’s Basic Pension Funding for Urban and Rural Residents

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanying Sun ◽  
Changhao Su ◽  
Xinghui Xian
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Pension Funding ◽  
Urban And Rural Residents ◽  
Adjustment System ◽  
The Impact

This paper uses an actuarial model to evaluate the effect of poverty alleviation policy on the sustainability of China’s basic pension funding for urban and rural residents (BPFUUR). Because of the poverty alleviation policy, China’s basic endowment insurance for urban and rural residents (BEIURR) has been given the responsibility of helping the poor through insurance and by increasing the income of the elderly. On the basis of summarizing the current situation of BEIURR, this paper simulated and predicted the impact of poverty alleviation policy on the short term (2020–2025) and medium term (2025–2050) sustainability of China’s BPFUUR. The results show that: (1) The sustainability of the fund will inevitably face challenges; (2) The per capita contribution level will be at a low level for a long time; (3) The birth tide brought by the two-child policy has a positive impact on the medium-term sustainability of the fund; (4) Poverty eradication mainly affects the short-term current deficit, but not the medium-term accumulated deficit; (5) The higher the payment, the better the sustainability of the funding in the short and medium term. According to the above results, this paper puts forward some countermeasures, such as insisting on family planning, optimizing the adjustment system for basic pension funds, and improving the treatment of basic pensions.

scholarly journals Paleolithic Diet—Effect on the Health Status and Performance of Athletes?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019
Author(s):  
Barbara Frączek ◽  
Aleksandra Pięta ◽  
Adrian Burda ◽  
Paulina Mazur-Kurach ◽  
Florentyna Tyrała
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Paleolithic Diet ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this meta-analysis was to review the impact of a Paleolithic diet (PD) on selected health indicators (body composition, lipid profile, blood pressure, and carbohydrate metabolism) in the short and long term of nutrition intervention in healthy and unhealthy adults. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of 21 full-text original human studies was conducted. Both the PD and a variety of healthy diets (control diets (CDs)) caused reduction in anthropometric parameters, both in the short and long term. For many indicators, such as weight (body mass (BM)), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC), impact was stronger and especially found in the short term. All diets caused a decrease in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), albeit the impact of PD was stronger. Among long-term studies, only PD cased a decline in TC and LDL-C. Impact on blood pressure was observed mainly in the short term. PD caused a decrease in fasting plasma (fP) glucose, fP insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the short run, contrary to CD. In the long term, only PD caused a decrease in fP glucose and fP insulin. Lower positive impact of PD on performance was observed in the group without exercise. Positive effects of the PD on health and the lack of experiments among professional athletes require longer-term interventions to determine the effect of the Paleo diet on athletic performance.

scholarly journals The Impact of Environmental Corporate Social Responsibility on Enterprise Performance——Implications for Sustainable Development Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 02072
Author(s):  
Ao Xiangyuan ◽  
Ong Tzesan
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Green Marketing ◽  
Enterprise Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact

This paper selected 119 listed companies from 2008 to 2018 in mainland China as samples, aiming to further explore the different impacts of environmental corporate social responsibility (ECSR) on corporate performance in the long and short term, and explore the mediating role of corporate green marketing performance. The results show that CSR has a significant impact on the return on assets and enterprise value in the short term. In the long-term, the adoption of green marketing innovation has a positive impact on enterprise performance. In general, the results of this paper are of great significance for managers and external investors to implement decisions. In addition, the research results can help enterprises improve their environmental responsibility and green innovation in order to improve their competitiveness.

Empirical analysis of the impact of financial development on the income gap between urban and rural residents in the context of large data using fuzzy Kmeans clustering algorithm

2020 ◽  
pp. 002072092093683
Author(s):  
Yao Li
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Urban And Rural Residents ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Impact

With the rise of the tertiary industry, the financial industry has achieved unprecedented development, which is mainly reflected in the rapid growth of economic aggregate, the increasingly balanced financial structure system and the increasingly diversified financial products. However, with the rapid development of financial industry, the income of urban and rural residents is increasingly unbalanced. The increasing income gap between urban and rural areas has caused a large number of adverse phenomena in the process of economic development, seriously affecting the income distribution of the people and even causing social instability. Therefore, in today’s big data era, it is necessary to systematically study and analyze the impact of financial industry development on the national income gap between urban and rural areas. At the same time, it is of great significance to improve the problem of excessive income gap between urban and rural areas. This paper mainly analyses the relationship between the three effects of the development of financial industry and the income gap between urban and rural residents. In the empirical aspect, the paper creatively uses the fuzzy Kmeans clustering algorithm to regression analysis the panel data of a certain area from 2010 to 2018. At the same time, in the empirical data analysis, this paper creatively replaces the European norm measure of the Kmeans clustering algorithm with the AE measure, and puts forward a proposal. The index of financial development level is based on the proportion of loans from financial institutions. Through theoretical and empirical analysis, this paper draws the following conclusions: the financial scale in the financial industry will have a huge impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas. Finally, based on the above problems and current situation, this paper puts forward relevant improvement suggestions.

Performance Funding Policy Effects on Community College Outcomes: Are Short-Term Certificates on the Rise?

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Y. Li ◽  
Alec I. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
State Level ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Performance Funding ◽  
Funding Policy ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Performance funding (PF) policies allocate a portion of state funding to colleges based on student outcomes. This study is the first to account for policy type and design differences, and explores the impact of performance funding on three levels of credential completions: short-term certificates, medium-term certificates, and associate’s degrees. Method: We create a panel dataset of 751 two-year colleges from years 1990 to 2013 using data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System. We conduct a series of analyses using difference-in-differences with the inclusion of college- and state-level control variables. Results: We find that, on average, performance funding produces no significant changes in completions of any of the three credentials. Policy types characterized by a greater proportion of funding tied to the base budget, mission differentiation in performance metrics, inclusion of underrepresented student metrics, and longer periods of operating years produce an increase in short-term certificates, no significant change in medium-term certificates, and a decrease in associate’s degrees. Contributions: This study’s findings suggest that because awarding more short-term certificates is a relatively quick and cost-effective way to capture performance funds, colleges might be engaging in a path of least resistance by churning out short-term certificates and redirecting focus away from associate’s degrees, which is concerning given that short-term certificates generally offer limited labor market benefits compared to medium-term certificates and associate’s degrees. Our results also underscore the importance of policy designs in explaining differential impacts on credential completion.

scholarly journals The impact of participation in employment-based retirement savings plans on material hardship

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-428
Author(s):  
BRADLEY T. HEIM ◽  
SHANTHI P. RAMNATH
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Retirement Savings ◽  
Program Participation ◽  
Material Hardship ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTo contribute to a retirement plan (barring an increase in income), an individual must either reduce consumption or increase debt. Using data from the 2004 wave of the Survey of Income and Program Participation, we examine the extent to which contributing to 401(k)-type accounts leads to an increase in short-term financial difficulties, particularly among low-income individuals. After instrumenting for plan take-up, we find that contributing to a 401(k) plan appears to have a small positive impact on the presence of any material hardship and debt holding among the lowest income quintiles, though that effect diminishes further up the income distribution.

scholarly journals Projetos de extensão fazendo a diferença na formação do profissional de Educação Física na Unioeste

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Ricardo Brandt ◽  
Alberto Saturno Madureira ◽  
Edilson Hobold
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
University Education ◽  
Education Professionals ◽  
The Future ◽  
Making A Difference ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
The Impact

INTRODUÇÃO: O processo ensino-aprendizagem extrapola a sala de aula, sendo que a extensão universitária contribui de forma significativa nesse processo, melhorando a condição do egresso na atuação do profissional da Educação Física. OBJETIVO: Este trabalho teve por objetivo apresentar o impacto na vida dos acadêmicos que além de participarem das aulas normais propostas na matriz curricular também se envolvem em projetos de extensão e o quanto estas atividades podem contribuir além de suas formações, mas com a melhora dos seus currículos. MÉTODOS: Este estudo e um relato de experiência que envolve três projetos de extensão que são desenvolvidos no campus da Unioeste de Marechal Cândido Rondon, do curso de Educação Física – Bacharelado. RESULTADOS: Três projetos que atualmente existem no curso de Educação Física – Bacharelado na Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, se destacam entre tantos outros, por impactar de forma positiva na formação dos discentes além de proporcionar a comunidade exercícios de forma gratuita, para populações de diferentes idades, sendo eles o projeto Coração de Ouro, com prática de exercício físico para idosos, o projeto Unioeste Runners que oferece treinamento de corrida de rua para jovens, adultos e idosos e o Projeto Futuro do Judô, que oportuniza esta prática esportiva para crianças, adolescentes e jovens de instituições públicas do município de Marechal Cândido Rondon. CONCLUSÃO: Evidencia-se neste trabalho a importância da participação em projetos de extensão no processo de formação universitária, proporcionando vivencias diferenciadas na vida profissional do egresso. ABSTRACT. Extension projects making a difference in the formation of physical education profissionals at Unioeste. BACKGROUND: Teaching-learning process goes beyond the classroom, and university extension contributes significantly this process, improving the condition of graduates in the performance of Physical Education professionals. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to present the impact in lives of academics who, in addition to participating in the normal classes proposed in the curricular matrix, are also involved in extension projects and how much these activities can contribute beyond their training, but with the improvement of their resumes. METHODS: This study is experience report that involves three extension projects that are developed on the Unioeste campus of Marechal Cândido Rondon, the Bacharelado Physical Education course. RESULTS: Three projects that currently exist in the Bachelor’s Degree in Physical Education at the State University of Western Paraná, stand out among many others, for having a positive impact on the training of students, in addition to providing the community with free exercise, for populations of different ages, being the Heart of Gold project, with physical exercise for the elderly, the Unioeste Runners project, which offers running training for young people, adults and the elderly, and the Future of Judo Project, which provides this sports practice for children , adolescents and young people from public institutions in the municipality of Marechal Cândido Rondon. CONCLUSION: This paper highlights the importance of participate in extension projects on university education process, providing differentiated experiences for the egress of great relevance for the future professional.

Simulation-Based Comprehensive Cleft Care Workshops: A Reproducible Model for Sustainable Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1238-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami S. Kantar ◽  
Corstiaan C. Breugem ◽  
Kristen Keith ◽  
Serena Kassam ◽  
Charanya Vijayakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Educational Tools ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Cleft Surgery

Objective: Evaluate simulation-based comprehensive cleft care workshops as a reproducible model for education with sustained impact. Design: Cross-sectional survey-based evaluation. Setting: Simulation-based comprehensive cleft care workshop. Participants: Total of 180 participants. Interventions: Three-day simulation-based comprehensive cleft care workshop. Main Outcome Measures: Number of workshop participants stratified by specialty, satisfaction with the workshop, satisfaction with simulation-based workshops as educational tools, impact on cleft surgery procedural confidence, short-term impact on clinical practice, medium-term impact on clinical practice. Results: The workshop included 180 participants from 5 continents. The response rate was 54.5%, with participants reporting high satisfaction with all aspects of the workshop and with simulation-based workshops as educational tools. Participants reported a significant improvement in cleft lip (33.3 ± 5.7 vs 25.7 ± 7.6; P < .001) and palate (32.4 ± 7.1 vs 23.7 ± 6.6; P < .001) surgery procedural confidence following the simulation sessions. Participants also reported a positive short-term and medium-term impact on their clinical practices. Conclusion: Simulation-based comprehensive cleft care workshops are well received by participants, lead to improved cleft surgery procedural confidence, and have a sustained positive impact on participants’ clinical practices. Future efforts should focus on evaluating and quantifying this perceived positive impact, as well reproducing these efforts in other areas of need.

The assessment of budget expenditures impact on economic activity

2018 ◽  
pp. 28-45
Author(s):  
I. V. Belyakov
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Private Consumption ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
The Impact

The article explores the impact of government spending on the key components of economic activity in Russia, such as private consumption and investment. The author pays serious attention to the theoretical justifications of the possible impact of fiscal policy on economic growth and its components, as well as reviews the empirical results obtained in this area. In the empirical part of the article, government expenditures are represented by the “GDP by expenditure” items — government consumption and government investment. The results, for Russian data covering the period of 1995—2017, indicate a short-term positive impact of government spending on private consumption and a negative impact on private investment. It also proves important to take into consideration the changes in macroeconomic conditions that occurred approximately in the middle of the observed period.

scholarly journals The Impact of Credit on Village Economies

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P Kaboski ◽  
Robert M Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Household Behavior ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Agricultural Investment ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Asset Growth ◽  
General Equilibrium Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village ◽  
Equilibrium Effect

This paper evaluates the short- and longer term impact of Thailand's “Million Baht Village Fund” program, among the largest scale government microfinance iniatives in the world, using pre- and post-program panel data and quasi-experimental cross-village variation in credit per household. We find that the village funds have increased total short-term credit, consumption, agricultural investment, and income growth (from business and labor), but decreased overall asset growth. We also find a positive impact on wages, an important general equilibrium effect. The findings are broadly consistent qualitatively with models of credit-constrained household behavior and models of intermediation and growth. (JEL D14, G21, O12, O16, O18)

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