scholarly journals The Impact of Heavy Vehicle Traffic Trends on the Overdesign of Flexible Asphalt Pavements

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2688
Author(s):  
Paolo Intini ◽  
Nicola Berloco ◽  
Pasquale Colonna ◽  
Vittorio Ranieri
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Pavement Design ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
Traffic Data ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Vehicle Traffic ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
The Impact

Given their environmental impact, the careful design of asphalt pavements is crucial. Previous research has highlighted the influence of several parameters on the outputs of different pavement design methods. In this study, the focus is on heavy vehicle trends, considering both the percentage of heavy vehicles in the average traffic flow and its evolution over time, which is usually included as a growth factor in the design inputs. Since these factors are very often assumed to be based on old estimates, the first aim of this study was to update them by exploring a recent series of continuous data collected on the Italian motorway network and showing how to infer estimates from historical traffic data. Subsequently, the variability of these input factors is introduced in standard pavement design methods to assess their influence on the design process and to quantify the risk of overdesign. While the analysis of historical heavy vehicle traffic data may reveal an overall zero-growth traffic tendency, different scenarios should be considered and assessed in cost-benefit analyses given the not negligible influence of growth factors on pavement thicknesses. This influence is shown here in different simulated design conditions, with different initial traffic volumes, share of heavy vehicles, and resilient moduli.

scholarly journals EVALUATING THE EFFECT OF HEAVY VEHICLES ON TRAFFIC PARAMETERS BY USING HEAVY VEHICLE FACTOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-104
Author(s):  
Parthkumar Patel ◽  
H.R. Varia
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
Mixed Traffic ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Ideal Situation ◽  
The Impact

Safe, convenient and timely transportation of goods and passengers is necessary for development of nation. After independence road traffic is increased manifold in India. Modal share of freight transport is shifted from Railway to roadways in India. Road infrastructures continuously increased from past few decades but there is still need for new roads to be build and more than three forth of the roads having mixed traffic plying on it. The impact of freight vehicles on highway traffic is enormous as they are moving with slow speeds. Nature of traffic flow is dependent on various traffic parameters such as speed, density, volume and travel time etc. As per ideal situation these traffic parameters should remain intact, but it is greatly affected by presence of heavy vehicle in mixed traffic due to Svehicles plying on two lane roads. Heavy vehicles affect the traffic flow because of their length and size and acceleration/deceleration characteristics.  This study is aimed to analyse the impact of heavy vehicles on traffic parameters.

scholarly journals Equivalent temperature for design of asphalt pavements in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 05010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Pszczola
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Pavement Design ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Calculation Methods

The paper presents application of equivalent temperature for design of asphalt pavements. The calculation methods of equivalent temperature: the Shell method, the French method, the methods that use the AASHTO and the Asphalt Institute fatigue criteria were presented. The results of calculations of equivalent temperature for Polish climatic conditions were presented and discussed. It was shown that different asphalt pavement design methods and utilization of Polish climatic data resulted in various calculated values of equivalent temperature that could be used in the design process.

Impact of Changing Traffic Characteristics and Environmental Conditions on Flexible Pavements

2000 ◽  
Vol 1730 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanmin Zhang ◽  
Joseph P. Leidy ◽  
Izydor Kawa ◽  
W. Ronald Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Pavement Design ◽  
Road Test ◽  
The North ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Axle Loads ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aasho Road Test

Although the trend for the next generation of pavement design methods is shifting to mechanistic design, the use of design methods based on the AASHO road test results is still the current design practice in Texas and some other states. Critical to these design methods are the AASHTO load equivalency factors (LEFs), which are used to convert the mixed traffic axle loads into standard 18-kip (80.1-kN) equivalent single-axle loads. Several studies have been conducted on the subject of load equivalency for pavement design and analysis. However, there remain uncertainties related to various issues of load equivalency. Over the years, the composition and characteristics of traffic using Texas highways have been changing. The North American Free Trade Agreement has accelerated such changes in that more trucks, primarily moving among mid-western states, Texas, and Mexico, are traveling on Texas highways. In addition, the original AASHO road test was conducted at a site with environmental conditions significantly different from the environmental conditions in Texas. It is therefore critical to understand fully the impact of such changing traffic characteristics and environmental conditions on pavements in Texas. Presented is the methodology used to analyze the impact of these factors on the AASHTO LEFs.

scholarly journals THE HEAVY VECHICLES INTERACTION WITH ROAD PAVEMENT INFLUENCE TO CONSTRUCTION LAYERS ANALYZIS / SUNKIŲJŲ AUTOMOBILIŲ SĄVEIKOS SU KELIO DANGA IR JŲ ĮTAKOS KONSTRUKCIJOS SLUOKSNIAMS ANALIZĖ

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurij Sokolov ◽  
Henrikas Sivilevičius
Keyword(s):  
Axial Load ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
Intensity Increase ◽  
Vehicle Traffic ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Pavement Construction ◽  
The Impact

Smoothness is the main feature of road exploitation. It particularly affects movement speed, safety and driving comfort. Evenness of the road belongs of three factors: strength of the pavement construction, heavy vehicle traffic and the impact of the axle mass over it’s term of exploitation. The main negative influence on Lithuanian roads has a overloaded heavy vehicle in excess of the permissible axle load limits. Static and dynamic vehicle weighing equipment and technologies were presented in the article. This article explores overloaded heavy vehicle damage done to Lithuanian roads and its intensity increase. Discuss the basic preventive techniques and methods to prevent the rapid wear of pavements. Also analysis of changes in axial load data through the 2009 August is done.

scholarly journals High-Performance Sustainable Asphalt Mixtures for High-Volume Traffic Roads in Severe Climates

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8765
Author(s):  
Fernando Moreno-Navarro ◽  
Francisco Javier Sierra ◽  
Miguel Sol-Sánchez ◽  
M. Carmen Rubio-Gámez ◽  
Manuel Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Bituminous Materials ◽  
Traffic Volumes

This paper summarizes the work carried out in a research project whose main objective was to develop high-performance sustainable bituminous materials (using crumb rubber and additives to reduce their manufacturing temperature) to be used in roads that support high traffic volumes and/or severe environmental conditions. For this purpose, various studies were conducted both in a laboratory and in a real asphalt plant (at binder and mixture level). Later, these materials were used to construct a trial section in a highway at a mountain pass (at more than 1400 m above sea level) supporting more than 2600 heavy vehicles each day under severe environmental conditions (snow during winter, and high temperatures and many hours of solar radiation during the summer). The results indicate the viability of using these materials, since they provide a number of advantages such as improved workability at lower temperatures and an increase in the mechanical resistance against the main sources of distress that affect asphalt pavements.

scholarly journals Design and Fabrication of Safety Impact Guard

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VIII) ◽  
pp. 273-281
Author(s):  
Sachin Nikam
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Terror Attack ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
The Impact

Death due to Accidents are greater than natural disaster and terror attack in India. One of the most injurious cases is the crash between car and heavy vehicle. Every year lacks of passengers are killed due to road accidents in which 8% are due to heavy vehicles. Road accident causes loss of life and also property. Accidents can not be avoided completely but the impact force is decreased by application of Design and Fabrication of safety impact guard. Safety impact guard is protecting device used to reduce collision impact at rear end of heavy vehicle when accident occurs.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of a Roundabout and a 3-leg Intersection Under Heterogeneous Traffic

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-359
Keyword(s):  
Video Recording ◽  
Heterogeneous Traffic ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Unstable State ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
Traffic Data ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
The City

This paper addresses the analysis of the operational performance of a roundabout and a 3-legged intersection located in quite a busy area of the Aligarh city. The city has an urban population of around 0.9 million people. The roundabout and 3-legged intersection are located in the close proximity of busy commercial areas and schools. Roundabout that has been taken under consideration is un-signalized and 3- legged intersection is priority controlled. The Current study has been undertaken analyze the operational execution of the two intersections and to pave the way for forthcoming investigations related to improvement of the intersections in the Aligarh District region. Traffic data was accumulated on weekdays during peak periods (5:30 pm to 6:30 pm). Video recording was taken in consideration to accomplish this task. The traffic was categorized in 3 classes; light vehicles, heavy vehicles and bicycles. To execute the evaluation of functioning performance of both intersections, SIDRA INTERSECTION software has been used. Results have shown that both the roundabout and 3-legged intersection are operating nearly at their maximum capacities and Level of Service (LOS) is not adequate for such amount of traffic influx into both the intersections. Volume to capacity (v/c) ratio has revealed that both the roundabout and 3-legged intersection are in an unstable state and roundabout condition is worse than the 3-legged intersection as the heavy vehicle volume influx is quite higher for the roundabout

Application of a Tax to E-Commerce Deliveries in Barcelona

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110124
Author(s):  
Genís Majoral ◽  
Francesc Gasparín ◽  
Sergi Saurí
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Revenue Collection ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
The Impact

The number of e-commerce transactions is increasing worldwide. Deliveries of goods purchased online generate externalities throughout the whole supply chain and, particularly, the increasing concern about the last-mile distribution of goods. The escalating presence of vans in cities contributes to poor air quality, climate change, noise, and congestion. So far, the majority of solutions to address this issue are based on the supply side, such as electric vans, optimizing the routing and pick-up-points, and so forth. Even in other transport sectors, pricing solutions are well known, yet they have not been extended to e-commerce delivery. This paper aims to propose an environmental tax falling on the demand side and equaling the externalities from this activity. The analysis has been particularized for the case of Barcelona. A cost–benefit analysis to assess the impact of such a tax has been carried out. When revenue collection is reinvested in the logistics sector, and for subsidizing electric distribution vehicles, the results indicate that the levying of the tax can generate positive outcomes.

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of rapid diagnostic tests on Plasmodium vivax malaria in South Korea: a cost–benefit analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e004292
Author(s):  
Jung Ho Kim ◽  
Jiyeon Suh ◽  
Woon Ji Lee ◽  
Heun Choi ◽  
Jong-Dae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundRapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are widely used for diagnosing Plasmodium vivax malaria, especially in resource-limited countries. However, the impact of RDTs on P. vivax malaria incidence and national medical costs has not been evaluated. We assessed the impact of RDT implementation on P. vivax malaria incidence and overall medical expenditures in South Korea and performed a cost–benefit analysis from the payer’s perspective.MethodsWe developed a dynamic compartmental model for P. vivax malaria transmission in South Korea using delay differential equations. Long latency and seasonality were incorporated into the model, which was calibrated to civilian malaria incidences during 2014–2018. We then estimated averted malaria cases and total medical costs from two diagnostic scenarios: microscopy only and both microscopy and RDTs. Medical costs were extracted based on data from a hospital in an at-risk area for P. vivax malaria and were validated using Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service data. We conducted a cost–benefit analysis of RDTs using the incremental benefit:cost ratio (IBCR) considering only medical costs and performed a probabilistic sensitivity analysis to reflect the uncertainties of model parameters, costs and benefits.ResultsThe results showed that 55.3% of new P. vivax malaria cases were averted, and $696 214 in medical costs was saved over 10 years after RDT introduction. The estimated IBCR was 2.5, indicating that RDT implementation was beneficial, compared with microscopy alone. The IBCR was sensitive to the diagnosis time reduction, infectious period and short latency period, and provided beneficial results in a benefit over $10.6 or RDT cost under $39.7.ConclusionsThe model simulation suggested that RDTs could significantly reduce P. vivax malaria incidence and medical costs. Moreover, cost–benefit analysis demonstrated that the introduction of RDTs was beneficial over microscopy alone. These results support the need for widespread adoption of RDTs.

scholarly journals Measurements of urban traffic parameters before and after road reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 365-376
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bąkowski ◽  
Leszek Radziszewski
Keyword(s):  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Noise Model ◽  
Vehicle Traffic ◽  
The Road ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
National Road ◽  
The City ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract The study analyzed the parameters of vehicle traffic and noise on the national road in the section in the city from 2011 to 2016. In 2013–2014 this road was reconstructed. It was found that in most cases, the distribution of the tested variable was not normal. The median and selected percentiles of vehicle traffic parameters and noise were examined. The variability and type A uncertainty of the results were described and evaluated. The results obtained for the data recorded on working and non-working days were compared. The vehicle cumulative speed distributions, for two-way four-lane road segments in both directions were analyzed. A mathematical model of normalized traffic flow has been proposed. Fit factor R2 of the proposed equations to the experimental data for passenger vehicles ranges from 0.93 to 0.99. It has been shown that two years after the road reconstruction, the median noise level did not increase even though traffic volumes and vehicle speeds increased. The Cnossos noise model was validated for data recorded over a period of 6 years. A very good agreement of the medians determined according to the Cnossos-EU model and the measured ones was obtained. It should be noted, however, that for the other analyzed percentiles, e.g. 95%, the discrepancies are larger.

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