scholarly journals Exploring the Use of a Spatio-Temporal City Dashboard to Study Criminal Incidence: A Case Study for the Mexican State of Aguascalientes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Tapia-McClung
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Circular Model ◽  
Geovisual Analytics ◽  
San Marcos ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Times ◽  
Crime Incidence ◽  
The Impact

By considering public safety as a relevant component of a smart city framework, the development and use of city dashboards that explore the spatio-temporal monitoring of crime incidence to help local governments base their decision-making process on evidence is becoming more relevant. This research deals with the case study of the state of Aguascalientes, Mexico, whose capital hosts the annual San Marcos Fair, considered the most important fair in the country. By developing an online dynamic platform consisting of several different modules that rely on the use of geovisual analytics for dynamic and interactive data display and exploration, authorities can gain insights about the times and locations of the impact of criminal incidence, detect patterns over space and time, and look into what actions could be put in place. This becomes useful in advancing a circular model of the smart city in which urban processes are observed, data is collected and analyzed, management and decision actions occur, and more data is collected to measure their effectiveness. By comparing statistics for the three year period of 2016–2018, it is found that the second year of the study had a significant decrease in pedestrian crime incidence during the Fair, supporting the use of city dashboards with geovisual analytics to help monitor urban processes and aid authorities in making decisions. Further research is needed to uncover more efficient practices to achieve inter-institutional collaboration and data sharing schemes that adhere to and boost the principles of the smart city.

scholarly journals THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SMART CITY IN CREATING INNOVATIONS OF PUBLIC SERVICES BY REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS (CASE STUDY OF BANDUNG CITY AND MAKASSAR CITY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-68
Author(s):  
Widuri Wulandari ◽  
Siti Munawaroh
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
City Government ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
The Government

In order to make improvements in public services, the City Government of Bandung and Kota Makassar implement Smart City, and it is also in accordance with the directions of the Kementerian Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara & Reformasi Birokrasi provide quality services that satisfy the needs of society in the fields of education, health, housing, and so forth. Local governments must also work creatively and innovatively to improve accountability, transparency, and responsiveness by utilizing information technology. The focus of this study is to compare the Government of Bandung with Makassar City in running Smart City in order to implement the innovation of public services. As a method for this research, a qualitative analysis is used, so that the phenomena or situations in the field can be realistically and systematically explained in detail while using the review literature from previous research. The Governments of Bandung City and Makassar City have shown to be successful areas with the implementation of Smart City. Both cities have received many awards for providing innovative services of high quality in spite of the fact that Makassar city started relatively late with implementing Smart City. Although they have been successful so far, the innovation of public services in these two cities will still have to be improved, so that a larger part of society will be able to profit from them. It takes a deep commitment on the part of the local authorities in order to be able to implement Smart City that creates an innovative programme. Smart City's implementation is a solution for creating good governance and makes improvements across multiple sectors of society. Moreover, Smart City sustains community activities and also provides easy access to information made by local governments. Keywords: Smart City, Innovation, Public Service

Paving the Way for Geovisual Analytics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prof. Jaya Sreevalsan Nair
Keyword(s):  
Information Science ◽  
Geographic Information Science ◽  
Data Exploration ◽  
Predictive Analysis ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Success Story ◽  
The Core ◽  
Geovisual Analytics ◽  
The Times

The human visual system can reliably identify trends in datasets using various channels of visualization. The success story of visualization in accomplishing core analytical tasks has made it a mainstay in various domains, including the Geographic Information Science (GIS). The core analytical tasks are data exploration, decision making, and predictive analysis. Geospatio-temporal data is ubiquitous, and as the data grows in complexity and size; analytical tasks become more complex too. In the times of geospatial big data, geovisual analytics has begun to gain traction. In this paper, we give a brief overview of geovisualizations, discuss geovisual analytics through a case study, and list out some of the persistent challenges in geovisual representation and analysis.

Computation of Temporal Decline to a Vanished Island A Case Study Zalzal Koh

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Asghar ◽  
Muhammad Ayaz Ahmad ◽  
Memona Zafar ◽  
Shazma Saman ◽  
Muhammad Awais Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Waves ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Richter Scale ◽  
Pressure Water ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

A massive tremor stuck Baluchistan Pakistan on September 24, 2013 with a magnitude of 7.7 recorded on Richter scale. The epicenter was Awaran Baluchistan which directly affected about 300,000 people leaving about 386 causalities. The impact of this earthquake was so much large that it created a new landmass which was named as Zalzala Koh later. It was the result of strike slip faulting at a depth of 15km. The new born island was full of rich minerals, gases and dead sea animals. This island was 60 feet high, 100 feet wide and 250 feet long. The classification results of Landsat 8 show that the island completely disappeared in 2019 after 6 six years of its birth. First the volume of this island decreases due to reduced pressure of internal gases and secondly, the high-pressure water waves vanished it completely. Satellite imagery proved efficient for spatio-temporal monitoring of various landuse classes.

The Budgetary Behavior of Local Governments and Intergovernmental Grant Policies: A Case Study for Japan

1985 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-415
Author(s):  
Hiromitsu Ishi
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations ◽  
Government Grants ◽  
The Us ◽  
Fiscal Behavior ◽  
Intergovernmental Grant ◽  
The Impact

The basic aim in this paper is to clarify intergovernmental fiscal relations in Japan. Particular attention is paid to the impact of various types of central government grants on the local government budgets. This is an important issue in a nation like Japan, where the fiscal system is strongly centralized. First, a model is constructed to express the local fiscal behavior under the present grant policies, following the past attempts developed in the United States of America. Then, the estimates of this model are attempted using available data, and some policy questions are examined. The main empirical conclusions that are drawn from the Japanese experience are much more plausible than those in the US case. This implies that the control of central government via various grant policies is more dominant in Japan.

scholarly journals Sustainable Circular Micro Index for Evaluating Virtual Substitution Using Machine Learning with the Path Planning Problem as a Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13436
Author(s):  
Javier Maldonado-Romo ◽  
Mario Aldape-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Path Planning ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Circular Model ◽  
Physical Elements ◽  
The Impact

Due to the problems resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, for example, semiconductor supply shortages impacting the technology industry, micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises have been affected because the profitability of their business models depends on market stability. Therefore, it is essential to propose alternatives to mitigate the various consequences, such as the high costs. One attractive alternative is to replace the physical elements using resource-limited devices powered by machine learning. Novel features can improve the embedded devices’ (such as old smartphones) ability to perceive an environment and be incorporated in a circular model. However, it is essential to measure the impact of substituting the physical elements employing an approach of a sustainable circular economy. For this reason, this paper proposes a sustainable circular index to measure the impact of the substitution of a physical element by virtualization. The index is composed of five dimensions: economic, social, environmental, circular, and performance. In order to describe this index, a case study was employed to measure the path-planning generator for micro aerial vehicles developed using virtual simulation using machine-learning methods. The proposed index allows considering virtualization to extend the life cycle of devices with limited resources based on suggested criteria. Thus, a smartphone and the Jetson nano board were analyzed as replacements of specialized sensors in controlled environments.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Visualisation of Reflections from Building Integrated Photovoltaics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Schregle ◽  
Christian Renken ◽  
Stephen Wittkopf
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaics ◽  
Computational Workflow ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

With the increasing adoption of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), concerns arise about potential glare. While recommended criteria to assess glare exist, it is challenging to apply these in the spatial and temporal domains and communicate the complex data to planning authorities and clients. In this paper we present a new computational workflow using annual daylight simulation, material modelling using bi-directional scattering distribution functions (BSDFs) and image-based postprocessing to obtain 3-dimensional renderings of cumulative annual irradiance and glare duration on the built environment. The annual daylight simulation considers relevant sun positions in high temporal resolution (15-minute timesteps) and measured BSDFs to model different PV materials. The postprocessing includes a relative irradiance visualisation comparing the impact of a proposed PV proportional to a reference material. It also includes a new spatio-temporal workflow to assess the glare duration based on recommended thresholds. We demonstrate this workflow with a case study of a proposed PV roof for a church, assessing the glare potential of two different PV materials. Our visualisations indicate glare durations well below the thresholds with satinated PVs, and in noncritical zones outside observer positions with standard PVs. Thus the proposed PV roof does not cause any disturbing glare.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Visualisation of Reflections from Building Integrated Photovoltaics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Schregle ◽  
Christian Renken ◽  
Stephen Wittkopf
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaics ◽  
Computational Workflow ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

With the increasing adoption of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), concerns arise about potential glare. While recommended criteria to assess glare exist, it is challenging to apply these in the spatial and temporal domains and communicate the complex data to planning authorities and clients. This paper presents a new computational workflow using annual daylight simulation, material modelling using bi-directional scattering distribution functions (BSDFs) and image-based postprocessing to obtain 3-dimensional renderings of cumulative annual irradiance and glare duration on the built environment. The annual daylight simulation considers relevant sun positions in high temporal resolution (15-minute timesteps) and measured BSDFs to model different PV materials. The postprocessing includes a relative irradiance visualisation comparing the impact of a proposed PV proportional to a reference material. It also includes a new spatio-temporal workflow to assess the glare duration based on recommended thresholds. This workflow is demonstrated with a case study of a proposed PV roof for a church, assessing the glare potential of two different PV materials. The visualisations indicate glare durations well below the thresholds with satinated PVs, and in noncritical zones outside observer positions with standard PVs. Thus the proposed PV roof does not cause any disturbing glare.

scholarly journals How to Deliver Smart Heritage within Local Government: Defining Smart Heritage and Smart Heritage Principles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
David Batchelor
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
City Council ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Heritage Discourse ◽  
The City

<p><b>Local governments are innovatively applying smart city technology to resolve challenges in their jurisdictions. These challenges commonly relate to environmental sustainability, infrastructure, and transportation, and result in novel discourses within local government strategies and operations, such as Smart Environment, Smart Infrastructure, and Smart Mobility. Driven by the success of these discourses, local governments seek further solutions through converging the smart city technology with other disciplines. The next likely convergence is with the heritage discipline, subsequently producing the Smart Heritage discourse. Academic literature records that Smart Heritage is an emergent yet unformed discourse that is on the verge of application within local government. Smart Heritage presents opportunities to converge historical narratives with the automated and autonomous capabilities of smart technology. However, due to its novelty, the local government sector has no guidance on delivering Smart Heritage within strategies and operations. Therefore, this thesis comprehensively explores and defines the Smart Heritage discourse and addresses Smart Heritage's delivery within local government strategies and operations.</b></p> <p>The original contributions to knowledge in this thesis are the first thorough definition of Smart Heritage in academic literature and the production of Smart Heritage Principles, which direct the delivery of Smart Heritage within local government. This thesis firstly defines Smart Heritage through an investigation into the nascent patchwork of academic literature at the intersection of the smart city and heritage disciplines. This definition establishes the discursive framework for the subsequent inquiry into how to deliver Smart Heritage in local government organisations. In this inquiry, the researcher conducts three case studies on local governments in Australia: Broken Hill City Council, the City of Melbourne, and the City of Newcastle. In each case study, the researcher analyses strategic smart city and heritage documents and then interviews their smart city and heritage advisors regarding strategic and operational convergences between the disciplines. The researcher then synthesises the resulting data into cross-case key considerations that contextualise a base understanding of how local governments deliver Smart Heritage. Using this understanding, the researcher conducts a second round of interviews and synthesis that, in turn, produces the refined Smart Heritage Principles. The researcher validates the principles’ relevancy and applicability through an additional case study with Wellington City Council in New Zealand.</p> <p>The research finds that Smart Heritage in the academic literature is nascent yet organically forming around a shared discourse between the smart city and heritage disciplines. As a result, there are numerous understandings of Smart Heritage. Nevertheless, these understandings agree that Smart Heritage convergences historical contextual narratives with automatic and autonomous technologies and advances from the passive Digital Heritage discourse. The case studies find that there is a foundation for Smart Heritage within local government through strategic documents that share similar focuses and advisors who seek multi-disciplinary convergences. However, the disciplines’ overlapping is not explicitly recognised in strategic documents and operational models, leading to inadequate financial and staff resourcing of Smart Heritage and inefficient cross-disciplinary initiatives in local government. The research identifies four thematic key considerations that address delivering Smart Heritage within local government; recognition, delivery, resourcing, and innovation; and proposes four Smart Heritage Principles for local governments to follow in order to deliver the discourse. The researcher presents the principles in an industry-ready document at the end of the thesis.</p> <p>The implications of this research are the increased visibility of Smart Heritage as an academic discourse and support for the delivery of Smart Heritage within local government strategies and operations. Smart Heritage becomes more visible as this research solidifies then illuminates a discursive pathway that researchers can engage with. Importantly, this research presents evidence that Smart Heritage is extant within academic literature and local governments, supporting its position as a constructive academic and practical discourse. The Smart Heritage Principles support the delivery of Smart Heritage within local government strategies and operations through the applied guidance they offer the organisations. As the industry-ready document is the first publication with this focus, the influence on the delivery of Smart Heritage is significant. The researcher aspires to share the Smart Heritage Principles document beyond this research context through its distribution to other councils globally.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of Smart City Construction on the Quality of Public Occupational Health: Empirical Evidence From Guangdong Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Cheng ◽  
Fan-Fan Wang ◽  
Da-Wei Dong ◽  
Ji-Chao Liang ◽  
Chun-Fen Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Pearl River Delta Region ◽  
City Construction ◽  
The Impact

This article takes the Guangdong Province of China as the research object and uses the difference-in-difference model to evaluate the impact of smart city construction on the quality of public occupational health and intercity differences. The obtained results show that smart city construction significantly improves the quality of public occupational health, and it is still valid after a series of robustness tests. The effect of this policy is stronger in cities that belong to the Pearl River Delta region or sub-provincial level cities. This study indicates that the central government should improve the pilot evaluation system and the performance appraisal mechanism of smart cities from the perspective of top-level design during the process of promoting smart city construction, which aims to correctly guide local governments to promote the construction of smart cities. To achieve the full improvement effect of smart city construction on the quality of public occupational health, local governments should implement smart city strategies in a purposeful and planned way according to the actual situation of the development of the jurisdiction.

Success from Lease-based farming-a case study of Dalit women farmer group from Bhagwanpur Rural Municipality (RM), Siraha, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-68
Author(s):  
Sagar GC ◽  
Laxman Khatri ◽  
Dilip Kumar Shah ◽  
Jibnath Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Income Policy ◽  
Rural Municipality ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Dalit Women ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Key Informant Interview ◽  
The Impact

The case study reflects the impact of leasehold farming promoted on the livelihood of women group in Bhagwanpur RM. The data for the analysis of results of leasehold farming were collected through survey of the individual farmer involved and through key informant interview. The study revealed that people encouraged with the motivation from local government, supporting organizations and visitors of the site has brought measurable positive changes(food security, occupation, education, income, policy etc.) in the lives of the landless people and has set a good example among other local governments for its scaling.

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