scholarly journals Simultaneous Removal of Residual Sulfate and Heavy Metals from Spent Electrolyte of Lead-Acid Battery after Precipitation and Carbonation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Gu ◽  
Bitian Fu ◽  
Ji Whan Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Carbonation Process ◽  
Slaked Lime ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Direct Discharge ◽  
Lead Acid

Spent electrolyte from lead-acid battery contains high concentrations of sulfate acid and heavy metals; therefore without proper handling, they might cause severe environmental pollution. A relatively high concentration of sulfate ions (approximately 3000 mg/L) and heavy metals still exists in the effluent even after precipitation with slaked lime and carbonation process, which need to be further processed to lower both the concentrations of sulfate and heavy metals for direct discharge. A process that involves the reduction of sulfate to sulfide with sulfate-reducing bacteria and precipitation of the excessive sulfide with Fe(OH)2 was adopted to dispose of the effluent after precipitation and carbonation for direct discharge. Thermodynamic calculations were adopted to narrow down the optimum experimental range and understand the precipitation mechanism. In the whole process, no new impurities nor ions were introduced and 99.2% of sulfate, 99.9% of sulfide, 99.1% of Ca and more than 94.6% of Pb and 99.8% of Cd were removed and the obtained effluent was safe to discharge.

scholarly journals Contamination of Soil and Plant By the Hazaribagh Tannery Industries

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
MN Mondol ◽  
A Asia ◽  
AS Chamon ◽  
SMA Faiz
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
High Concentrations

An investigation was made at Hazaribagh Tannery area, comprising about 145 industries in Dhaka Metropolitan area. The analyses of soil and plant samples showed that heavy metals contribute significantly towards environmental contamssination resulting from industrial activities. Concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Zn, Pb, Cd, Mn, Fe and Ni) in soil and plant samples cross the MAC (Maximum allowable concentration) in both wet and dry season. In case of soil sample the highest concentration of Cr (172792 ppm) was found at main disposal point. Chromium, Zn, Pb, Cd, Mn, Fe and Ni concentrations at Hazaribagh plant samples respectively ranged from 171-1348, 247-777, 45-96, 1.66-2.17, 72-231, 354-787, and 18-38 ppm respectively in dry season and 75-1142, 209-691, 29- 84, 1.02-2.00, 66-124, 331-664, 11-37 ppm respectively in wet season. Concentration went down gradually with increasing distance from the main disposal point (spot 1). But again high concentration (150708 ppm of Cr) was noted in spot 6. Similar results were found for plant samples. High concentrations of heavy metals were found in plant samples which consequently affect food chain, which may be a major environmental concern. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 43(2): 207-222, December 2017

scholarly journals Heavy metals in tributaries of Pampulha Reservoir, Minas Gerais

2001 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. RIETZLER ◽  
A. L. FONSECA ◽  
G. P. LOPES
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Control Site ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Initial Portion ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Belo Horizonte

A great amount of heavy metals enter Pampulha Reservoir via it's main tributaries (Sarandi and Ressaca). Although no water quality classification has been carried out for these tributaries, the reservoir is expected to be in class 2 of the CONAMA-86 system. As part of a monitoring scheme of the Pampulha Watershed, heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Cr, Mn and Fe) were investigated in the water at a control site (considered free from direct human influence) and at potential sites of toxicity and contamination during August (dry season) and November (wet season) of 1998. The results for the first sampling period showed relatively high concentrations of zinc (0.22 mg.L<FONT FACE=Symbol>-</FONT>1) in the upper portion of the reservoir. The highest values of nickel and chromium (0.19 and 0.89 mg.L<FONT FACE=Symbol>-</FONT>1, respectively) were found in the initial portion of the Sarandi Stream, while the highest concentrations of lead (0.05 mg.L<FONT FACE=Symbol>-</FONT>1), cadmium (0.014 mg.L<FONT FACE=Symbol>-</FONT>1), manganese (0.43 mg.L<FONT FACE=Symbol>-</FONT>1) and iron (15.25 mg.L<FONT FACE=Symbol>-</FONT>1) were detected in the Ressaca Stream by the landfill dump of Belo Horizonte. A relatively high concentration of cadmium was also detected at the confluence of the two streams. During the second sampling period, there was an increase in the concentrations of zinc at all sampling sites except the control, with values varying from 0.71 mg.L<FONT FACE=Symbol>-</FONT>1 (the Sarandi Stream) to 2.50 mg.L<FONT FACE=Symbol>-</FONT>1 (the Ressaca Stream). Lead, cadmium, nickel and chromium concentrations were also higher in the Ressaca Stream, but not detected at the other sampling sites. Copper values were higher than in the first period: 0.10 mg.L<FONT FACE=Symbol>-</FONT>1 at the control up to 0.38 mg.L<FONT FACE=Symbol>-</FONT>1 at the confluence of the streams. Similar results were found for manganese and iron, with values reaching up to 19.30 and 125 mg.L<FONT FACE=Symbol>-</FONT>1, respectively. Moreover, all values recorded in the second sampling period were much higher than recommended for class 2 waters. These results emphasize the need for such monitoring in relation to better water quality management of this reservoir.

Analysis of the selected heavy metals content inthe lead-acid battery polymeric separator

Polimery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (06) ◽  
pp. 442-451
Author(s):  
Dorota Kolasa ◽  
Aneta Lukomska ◽  
Joanna Soltysiak ◽  
Michal Soszko ◽  
Olga Ciezarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Lead Acid

scholarly journals Heavy metals uptake by hyperaccumulating flora in some serpentine soils of Kosovo

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-222 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ultramafic Rocks ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
Serpentine Soils ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metals Uptake

<p>Ultramafics represent magmatic or metamorphic rocks which are characterized by high concentrations of Mg, Fe, Ni, Cr and Co and low concentrations of Ca, and K. Serpentine soils are weathered products of a range of ultramafic rocks composed of ferromagnesian silicates. The aim of this study was to determine the content of heavy metals in some of serpentine soils of Kosovo and heavy metals uptake by entire associated flora. Furthermore, another objective of this study was finding out bioavailable Ca/Mg relationship, which is very important indicator for plants&rsquo; development. The sampling was conducted in June 2014. A total of three serpentine areas have been surveyed and 7 soil samples have been taken in various depths of soil profiles. Those samples were analyzed for total Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe and Zn. Results showed that each site exhibited a high concentration of at least one metal. The maximum concentrations of metals in soils Dry Matter (DM) were 108.9 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> Cd, 95.8 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> Co, 1206 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> Cr, 24 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> Cu, 2570 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> Ni, 21.7 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> Pb, 39 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> Zn, and 51563 mg kg<sup>- </sup>Fe. The serpentine soils at all sites were characterized by elevated levels of heavy metals, which showed typical properties of ultramafic environments. Nickel Total at studied areas varied between 1543 and 2570 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, while the highest Ni concentration was found in aerial part of Alyssum markgrafii (4038 mgkg<sup>-1</sup>),</p> <div> <p>Based on our findings on the field we concluded that there is a close relationship between the quantity of Ni in soil and Ni uptake in plants.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

Australian Biosolids: Characterization and Determination of Available Copper

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian W. Oliver ◽  
Graham Merrington ◽  
Mike J. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Total Metal ◽  
High Concentrations

Environmental Context. Land application of sewage-derived biosolids is both an inexpensive method to dispose of waste and a simple way to increase soil fertility and stability. However, biosolids often contain high concentrations of heavy metals, but not all of the metals are immediately available for uptake by the soil or other organisms. To determine if this toxicologic risk outweighs the benefits, the degree of ecologically available metal, rather than simply the entire metal content, must be known in both the as-disposed and worst conditions scenarios. Application of these principles requires regulatory bodies to amend their guidelines. Abstract. Application of biosolids to agricultural land provides a low-cost disposal option with many potential benefits to soil. However, the practice may result in accumulations of potentially toxic heavy metals, and thus regulations are in place to limit the amount of metals applied to soil in this way. Current Australian regulations are not ideal because they are based on total metal concentrations in soils and biosolids, rather than the fraction that is ecologically available (the fraction accessible by organisms). Therefore more environmentally appropriate regulations, based on the available metal portion, need to be devised. However, before this is possible, more needs to be known about the characteristics of Australian biosolids, including the factors that influence the availability of biosolid metals. Copper is a metal of great concern because of its commonly high concentration in biosolids and because of its relatively high toxicity to certain groups of bacteria and fungi. Therefore an investigation was conducted to characterize the range of properties observed in Australian biosolids, and to determine the fraction of available metals and the factors that influence it (particularly in the case of copper). General properties such as pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, and total metal concentrations were measured. Availability of copper was specifically measured using isotopic exchange techniques and a Cu2+ ion-selective electrode. Results showed that total copper concentration and Cu2+ activity could be used to predict available copper. A new system of biosolid land-use regulation that incorporates the available metal fraction and a pH protection factor is proposed.

The environmental impact of gold mines: pollution by heavy metals

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabah Abdul-Wahab ◽  
Fouzul Marikar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Desert Plant ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Gold Mines ◽  
Environmental Media ◽  
Plant Area ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Mining Plant

AbstractThe gold mining plant of Oman was studied to assess the contribution of gold mining on the degree of heavy metals into different environmental media. Samples were collected from the gold mining plant area in tailings, stream waters, soils and crop plants. The collected samples were analyzed for 13 heavy metals including vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), aluminium (Al), strontium (Sr), iron (Fe) and barium (Ba). The water in the acid evaporation pond showed a high concentration of Fe as well as residual quantities of Zn, V, and Al, whereas water from the citizens well showed concentrations of Al above those of Omani and WHO standards. The desert plant species growing closed to the gold pit indicated high concentrations of heavy metals (Mn, Al, Ni, Fe, Cr, and V), while the similar plant species used as a control indicated lesser concentrations of all heavy metals. The surface water (blue) indicated very high concentrations of copper and significant concentrations of Mn, Ni, Al, Fe, Zn, lead, Co and Cd. The results revealed that some of the toxic metals absorbed by plants indicated significant metal immobilization.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals and Pollution of Environmental Media Around a Used Lead-acid Battery Recycling Center in Ibadan, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (29) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Oloruntoba ◽  
Olusegun Gurusa ◽  
Folashade Omokhodion ◽  
Julius Fobil ◽  
Niladri Basu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Environmental Media ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria ◽  
Lead Acid

Background. Heavy metals are usually present in trace amounts in various environmental media such as water, soil, and air, and many are poisonous to human health even at very low concentrations. Objectives. To assess the risk of heavy metal contamination of water, soil, and plants around a used lead acid battery (ULAB) recycling center in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods. Environmental samples (water, soil, and plants) were collected using standard methods and concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), antimony (Sb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria. Results. The concentration of metals detected in water samples were higher than permissible limits at more than 50% of the sampling locations. In contrast, heavy metals in soil were within permissible limits. Most of the heavy metals except Pb were found to be present in the plant within permissible limits. Lead levels in water and plants from all locations exceeded the permissible limits. The contamination degree and pollution load index of water sources around the ULAB recycling center indicate a high degree of pollution of water sources with heavy metals, while soil samples were within the normal baseline levels. The transfer factor of Pb from soil to Amaranthus viridis was 1.92. This has implications for human health as the plant is often harvested and for sale in local markets as a source of food and medicine. Conclusions. The present study recommends improved technology for ULAB recycling and adequate treatment of effluent/runoff from recycling centers before discharge. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

scholarly journals Concentration of Heavy Metals in the Biot of Lake Radoniqi and Badovci, Food Safety: Study of the Natural Environment in the Republic of Kosovo

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
Adem Dreshaj ◽  
Bedri Millaku ◽  
Elvis Elezaj ◽  
Bekë Kuqi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Fish Organs ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Concentrations

The purpose of this research is to determine the content of heavy metals in the lakes of Kosovo, lakes with heavy metals such as: (Hg, Cd, Pb, As, Fe, Zn, Ni, Cu), in water and water sediment in Lake Radoniq and Lake Badovc. Determination of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, As), in muscle tissue and fish organs. Parameters as an indicator of fish safety for food, indicator of environmental pollution (Kosovo lake bioten). Age of fish, the amount of fat are important factors that affect the accumulation of heavy metals in fish. This indicates that the bioaccumulation of heavy metals is a special process and indicates the concentration of heavy metals in the body of the fish. The high concentration of Fe in fish organs is of particular importance for hemoglobin and its role in fish. Metal indicators such as biocumulation factors are different, for example, for Pb can be increased with high concentrations compared to international parameters which depends on the species of fish and the location of catching s137 fish, the concentration of heavy metals in the Lake and the impacts from agricultural activities. The concentration of heavy metals in the body of aquatic life depends on the way in which heavy metals penetrate, giving the body the opportunity to detoxify them through metabolism. Metabolism means the exchange of substances, the uninterrupted exchange of matter between the living organism and the external environment. This process is the basis of life, which allows a cell to grow and reproduce, maintain its structure and respond to its environment.

scholarly journals Bacteriological and Physicochemical Analysis of Groundwater of Kasur

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asad Abbas ◽  
Ijaz Hussain ◽  
Abdul Wahab ◽  
Aisha Shafique ◽  
Maryam Zaheer
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Basic Element ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Ear Infections ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Almost All

Earth is a blue planet because of the rudimentary cause of life, that is water. All the biochemical reactions which are pre-requisite for nourishing life of animals and plants, use water as a basic element. Being a universal solvent, it dissolves almost all minerals present in the soil. It is one of the basic and necessary compounds responsible for the survival of life. The main purpose of research was to determine the quality of groundwater in Kasur near the tanneries. The study is focused on the bacteriological and physicochemical (pH, Temperature, DO, BOD, CO2, TOSM, TDS, TM and heavy metals) parameters. We selected four sites as Din Garh, Qatal Garhi, Mangal Mandi and Kot Haleem Khan for investigation. Coliforms were present in high concentration that produce viruses and bacterial diseases such as typhoid fever, hepatitis, gastrocnemii, dysentery and ear infections. World Health Organization (WHO) has justified that the drinkable water must have zero level of coliform and E.coli. Regarding the Total Suspended Matter (TSM), the values ranged from 0.3-0.5g/l in DIN GHARH, 0.2-0.5g/l in QATAL GHARHI, 0.2-0.5g/l in MANGAL MANDI and 0.2-0.6g/l in KOT HALEEM KHAN. The study concludes that the water pollution due to tanneries in Kasur have changed the bacteriological and physicochemical properties of ground water to a considerable level which is not drinkable. It also conclude that groundwater was contaminated with high concentrations of BOD, TOSM, TDS, TM and Heavy metals due to discharge of industrial effluents.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Simulations for Determining the Recycling Path of a Spent Lead-Acid Battery Electrolyte Sample with Ca(OH)2

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Gu ◽  
Bitian Fu ◽  
Toyohisa Fujita ◽  
Ji Whan Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Simulation ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Theoretical Limit ◽  
Removal Ratio ◽  
Removal Process ◽  
Carbonation Process ◽  
Thermodynamic Simulations ◽  
Battery Electrolyte ◽  
Lead Acid

By utilizing thermodynamic calculations, the possible removal path of spent lead-acid battery electrolytes was modeled. The process was divided into precipitation and carbonation processes. In the carbonation process, two scenarios were discussed, namely carbonation with and without pre-filtration of the precipitates resulted from the precipitation process. The results showed that in the precipitation process, the theoretical limit for the chemical removal of SO42− was 99.15%, while in the following carbonation process without filtration, only 69.61% of SO42− was removed due to the fact that CO2 reacts with Ca2+ ion in the solution, and thus leads to the production of CaCO3 and SO42− ions in the solution. In the carbonation process without filtration, with the increase of CO2 in the solution the removal ratio of SO42− further decreases. Thermodynamic simulation was effective in predicting the theoretical removal limits and helps in understanding and optimizing the removal process.

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