Australian Biosolids: Characterization and Determination of Available Copper

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian W. Oliver ◽  
Graham Merrington ◽  
Mike J. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Total Metal ◽  
High Concentrations

Environmental Context. Land application of sewage-derived biosolids is both an inexpensive method to dispose of waste and a simple way to increase soil fertility and stability. However, biosolids often contain high concentrations of heavy metals, but not all of the metals are immediately available for uptake by the soil or other organisms. To determine if this toxicologic risk outweighs the benefits, the degree of ecologically available metal, rather than simply the entire metal content, must be known in both the as-disposed and worst conditions scenarios. Application of these principles requires regulatory bodies to amend their guidelines. Abstract. Application of biosolids to agricultural land provides a low-cost disposal option with many potential benefits to soil. However, the practice may result in accumulations of potentially toxic heavy metals, and thus regulations are in place to limit the amount of metals applied to soil in this way. Current Australian regulations are not ideal because they are based on total metal concentrations in soils and biosolids, rather than the fraction that is ecologically available (the fraction accessible by organisms). Therefore more environmentally appropriate regulations, based on the available metal portion, need to be devised. However, before this is possible, more needs to be known about the characteristics of Australian biosolids, including the factors that influence the availability of biosolid metals. Copper is a metal of great concern because of its commonly high concentration in biosolids and because of its relatively high toxicity to certain groups of bacteria and fungi. Therefore an investigation was conducted to characterize the range of properties observed in Australian biosolids, and to determine the fraction of available metals and the factors that influence it (particularly in the case of copper). General properties such as pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, and total metal concentrations were measured. Availability of copper was specifically measured using isotopic exchange techniques and a Cu2+ ion-selective electrode. Results showed that total copper concentration and Cu2+ activity could be used to predict available copper. A new system of biosolid land-use regulation that incorporates the available metal fraction and a pH protection factor is proposed.

Impact of metals bioleaching on the nutrient value of biological nutrient removal biosolids

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdallah Shanableh ◽  
Pushpa Ginige
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Beneficial Use ◽  
Nutrient Value

The biosolids industry in Australia is evolving around the beneficial use of biosolids as a resource. Phosphorus rich biosolids from biological nutrient removal (BNR) facilities are highly desirable for land application. However, the accumulation of toxic heavy metals and industrial organic contaminants may render the biosolids unsuitable for land application. The presence of toxic heavy metals has been identified by Local Authorities in Australia as a major constraint limiting the beneficial use of biosolids. The potential of off-site contamination due to the migration of nutrients is also a major concern especially when applying biosolids to acidic agricultural land. Accordingly, the relevant environment protection and conservation agencies are involved in either developing or finalising guidelines to control the beneficial use of biosolids products. Metals bioleaching is a process achieved through bio-acidification. Bio-acidification of biosolids prior to land application can be used to dissolve and remove a significant fraction of the heavy metals content of the product. However, the process also reduces the nutrients content of the resource. Bio-acidification of Loganholme (Queensland) BNR biosolids dissolved 76% of the total phosphorus and 38% of the TKN. The heavy metals solubilisation results reached 50% for Cr, 79% for Ni, 45% for Zn, 24% for Cu, 30% for Cd, and 82% for Pb.

scholarly journals Removal of heavy metals derived from COD analysis wastewater by electrolysis using graphite electrode

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Thi Thanh Diem Ngo ◽  
◽  
Minh Tien Tran ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Graphite Electrodes ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Recycle And Reuse ◽  
A Current

In this study, electrolysis using graphite electrodes was applied to treat wastewater generated from a COD analysis procedure (referred to as COD wastewater). COD wastewater containing high concentrations of H2SO4, Hg2+, and Cr2O72- salts were collected and then treated by electrolysis with graphite electrodes in a lab-scale experiment. The results showed that the electrolysis process was not affected by the electrode’s distance or area. The most efficient treatment for all three metals was achieved at a current value of 31.58 mA, which corresponds to a current density of 1.974 mA/cm2 under a voltage of 3 V, 8-h electrolysis time, wastewater pH<1, electrode distance of 4 cm, and electrode area of 16 cm2. Under these conditions, the concentrations of heavy metals after treatment were 1170.17 mg/l for Hg, 871.20 mg/l for Ag, and 56.3 mg/l for Cr. The treatment efficiencies were 48.15, 66.94, and 50.76%, for Hg, Ag, and Cr, respectively. While this technology is simple, low cost, and achieves a relatively high efficiency, after treatment the COD wastewater still carried a high concentration of heavy metals that exceeded the permissible standards. Therefore, it is necessary to have a further treatment method in place to completely eliminate the heavy metals remaining in wastewater, as well as to recycle and reuse acidic components from wastewater and to treat them up to environmental standards before discharge. In conclusion, electrolysis with graphite electrodes can be applied in practice to treat other sources of wastewater contaminated by heavy metals with low emissions.

Environmental Risk and Recoverable Potential Evaluation of Heavy Metals in the Sludge from the Industrial Wastewater in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 508 ◽  
pp. 196-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Feng Bai ◽  
Cheng Long Zhang ◽  
Jing Wei Wang ◽  
Jin Qiu Xu ◽  
Yuan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Metal Production ◽  
Potential Evaluation ◽  
Steel Industries

During the treatment of wastewater from metal production and processing industries, a huge volume of sludge is generated. Sludge from the industrial effluent is usually abandoned or used in agriculture as fertilizer due to the presence of phosphorus, potassium and other inorganic elements, or landfilled. In our work, metals concentration in the sludge from different industries of multi-area, China, was determined and the recoverable potential was assessed. It indicated that the sludge from electroplating, PCB, leather treatment, metal smelter and stainless steel industries was restricted its use as a fertilizer because that the sludge had too high concentration of toxic heavy metals. Meanwhile, it was seen that Ag, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb, Zn contents in the sludge from some industries had exceeded the minimum standards of industrial smelting and had the value recycled. It is imperative and beneficial to find a low-cost, environmentally friendly recycling technology to recover the metals in sludge from industrial wastewater.

ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATION IN COCONUT WATER

1970 ◽  
pp. 07-10
Author(s):  
MdDidarul Islam, Ashiqur Rahaman, Aboni Afrose
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Wet Ashing ◽  
Aas Method

This study was based on determining concentration of essential and toxic heavy metal in coconut water available at a local Hazaribagh area in Dhaka, Bangladesh. All essential minerals, if present in the drinking water at high concentration or very low concentration, it has negative actions. In this study, fifteen samples and eight heavy metals were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) method which was followed by wet ashing digestion method. The concentration obtained in mg/l were in the range of 0.3 to 1.5, 7.77 to 21.2, 0 to 0.71, 0 to 0.9, 0 to 0.2, 0.9 to 17.3, 0.1 to 0.9, 0 to 0.9 and 0 to 0.7 for Fe, Ni, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, Pb and Se respectively. From this data it was concluded that any toxic heavy metals like Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni exceed their toxicity level and some essential nutrients were in low concentration in those samples. 

Assessment of micro and macro nutrients in poultry feeds available in Dhaka city, Bangladesh.

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Md Didarul Islam ◽  
Ashiqur Rahaman ◽  
Fahmida Jannat
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Macro Nutrients

This study was based on to determine the concentration of macro and micro nutrients as well as toxic and nontoxic heavy metals present in the chicken feed available in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. All macro nutrients, if present in the feed at high concentration have some adverse effect, at the same time if this nutrient present in the feed at low concentration this have some adverse effect too. So that this nutrient level should be maintained at a marginal level. On the other side toxic heavy metals if present in the feed at very low concentration those can contaminate the total environment of the ecosystem. In this study six brand samples (starter, grower, finisher and layer) which was collected from different renowned chicken feed formulation industry in Bangladesh. Those samples were prepared for analysis by wet ashing and then metals were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. It was found that 27.7 to 68.4, 57.3 to 121.9, 0.21 to 4.1, 0.32 to 2.1, 0.11 to 1.58, 0.28 to 2.11 and 0.28 to 1.78 for zinc, iron, copper, mercury, cadmium, nickel and cobalt respectively. It was found that essential macro and micro nutrients were present in the feed in low concentration on the other side mercury was present in high concentration in the feed samples.

scholarly journals Bioavailability of heavy metals in soils amended with sewage sludge

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M T Morera ◽  
J. Echeverría ◽  
J. Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metals Bioavailability ◽  
Heavy Metals In Soils

The recycling of sewage sludge to agricultural land results in the slow accumulation of potentially toxic heavy metals in soils. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the bioavailability of Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn applied to soils in urban anaerobically stabilized sewage sludge. The soils were Lithic Haplumbrept (Lh), Calcixerollic Xerochrept (Cx1 and Cx2) and Paralithic Xerorthent (Px). Sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L) were grown in the soils following amendment with the sludge. The addition of sewage sludge markedly increased the average dry weight of the plants in the soils that had lower yields without sludge addition (Lh, Cx2, and Px). The acid pH of the Lh soil favoured the bioavailability of Zn from sewage sludge. The bioavailability of Cu was greater in the alkaline soils than in the acidic soil (Lh), which can be attributed to the high organic matter content of the Lh soil which complexes Cu and impairs its uptake by the plants. The concentration of metals in the plants increased with the sewage sludge dose. The effect of the soil type on the metal concentration in plants was greater that the effect of the dose. Key words: Soils, sewage sludge, heavy metals, bioavailability, sunflower

scholarly journals Contamination of Soil and Plant By the Hazaribagh Tannery Industries

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
MN Mondol ◽  
A Asia ◽  
AS Chamon ◽  
SMA Faiz
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
High Concentrations

An investigation was made at Hazaribagh Tannery area, comprising about 145 industries in Dhaka Metropolitan area. The analyses of soil and plant samples showed that heavy metals contribute significantly towards environmental contamssination resulting from industrial activities. Concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Zn, Pb, Cd, Mn, Fe and Ni) in soil and plant samples cross the MAC (Maximum allowable concentration) in both wet and dry season. In case of soil sample the highest concentration of Cr (172792 ppm) was found at main disposal point. Chromium, Zn, Pb, Cd, Mn, Fe and Ni concentrations at Hazaribagh plant samples respectively ranged from 171-1348, 247-777, 45-96, 1.66-2.17, 72-231, 354-787, and 18-38 ppm respectively in dry season and 75-1142, 209-691, 29- 84, 1.02-2.00, 66-124, 331-664, 11-37 ppm respectively in wet season. Concentration went down gradually with increasing distance from the main disposal point (spot 1). But again high concentration (150708 ppm of Cr) was noted in spot 6. Similar results were found for plant samples. High concentrations of heavy metals were found in plant samples which consequently affect food chain, which may be a major environmental concern. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 43(2): 207-222, December 2017

scholarly journals Heavy metals in tributaries of Pampulha Reservoir, Minas Gerais

2001 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. RIETZLER ◽  
A. L. FONSECA ◽  
G. P. LOPES
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Control Site ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Initial Portion ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Belo Horizonte

A great amount of heavy metals enter Pampulha Reservoir via it's main tributaries (Sarandi and Ressaca). Although no water quality classification has been carried out for these tributaries, the reservoir is expected to be in class 2 of the CONAMA-86 system. As part of a monitoring scheme of the Pampulha Watershed, heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Cr, Mn and Fe) were investigated in the water at a control site (considered free from direct human influence) and at potential sites of toxicity and contamination during August (dry season) and November (wet season) of 1998. The results for the first sampling period showed relatively high concentrations of zinc (0.22 mg.L<FONT FACE=Symbol>-</FONT>1) in the upper portion of the reservoir. The highest values of nickel and chromium (0.19 and 0.89 mg.L<FONT FACE=Symbol>-</FONT>1, respectively) were found in the initial portion of the Sarandi Stream, while the highest concentrations of lead (0.05 mg.L<FONT FACE=Symbol>-</FONT>1), cadmium (0.014 mg.L<FONT FACE=Symbol>-</FONT>1), manganese (0.43 mg.L<FONT FACE=Symbol>-</FONT>1) and iron (15.25 mg.L<FONT FACE=Symbol>-</FONT>1) were detected in the Ressaca Stream by the landfill dump of Belo Horizonte. A relatively high concentration of cadmium was also detected at the confluence of the two streams. During the second sampling period, there was an increase in the concentrations of zinc at all sampling sites except the control, with values varying from 0.71 mg.L<FONT FACE=Symbol>-</FONT>1 (the Sarandi Stream) to 2.50 mg.L<FONT FACE=Symbol>-</FONT>1 (the Ressaca Stream). Lead, cadmium, nickel and chromium concentrations were also higher in the Ressaca Stream, but not detected at the other sampling sites. Copper values were higher than in the first period: 0.10 mg.L<FONT FACE=Symbol>-</FONT>1 at the control up to 0.38 mg.L<FONT FACE=Symbol>-</FONT>1 at the confluence of the streams. Similar results were found for manganese and iron, with values reaching up to 19.30 and 125 mg.L<FONT FACE=Symbol>-</FONT>1, respectively. Moreover, all values recorded in the second sampling period were much higher than recommended for class 2 waters. These results emphasize the need for such monitoring in relation to better water quality management of this reservoir.

scholarly journals Applicability of Moringa oleifera Lam. pie as an adsorbent for removal of heavy metals from waters

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Affonso C. Gonçalves Junior ◽  
Ana P. Meneghel ◽  
Fernanda Rubio ◽  
Leonardo Strey ◽  
Douglas C. Dragunski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

This study evaluated the efficacy of moringa seeds (Moringa oleifera Lam.) as an adsorbent material for removing toxic heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, and chromium from contaminated solutions. The effect of the adsorbent mass was investigated at two pH conditions (5.0 and 7.0). The optimized conditions were 0.300 g of adsorbent at pH 5.0, used for the isotherms construction, and linearized according to Langmuir and Freundlich models. Results showed that cadmium adsorption was similar in both the models used. For lead, the Freundlich model had the best adjustment and chromium was better adjusted by the Langmuir model. It was concluded that the adsorbent was effective in the remediation of solutions containing cadmium, lead and chromium, thus, its use as sustainable alternative material is feasible, since it has low cost, does not need a previous treatment and it is a byproduct.

HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN HALTON REGION SOILS: AN ASSESSMENT FOR FUTURE MUNICIPAL SLUDGE UTILIZATION

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. WEBBER ◽  
A. SHAMESS
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Municipal Sludge ◽  
Grid Pattern ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Sludge Application

Studies were conducted to determine: (a) the heavy metal concentrations in Halton Region agricultural soils; and (b) whether a 1984 estimate of at least 39 yr for practicing land application of sludge in the Region was valid. Soil samples were taken on a regular grid pattern from the agricultural area of the Region. In a very large proportion of the samples, heavy metal concentrations were less than the maximum permissible values for sludge application to land in Ontario and in most of the samples, they were less than or approximately equal to the mean values for uncontaminated soils in Ontario. In a small proportion of the samples, heavy metal concentrations exceeded the maximum permissible values for sludge application to land in Ontario. These samples were obtained mainly west of the Niagara Escarpment in the southwest corner of the Region and the offending metals were primarily Pb and Zn. High Pb and Zn concentrations in these soils were not related to sludge application but were naturally occurring and probably were derived from Pb and Zn sulfides in the soil parent material. It was concluded that sludge may be applied on a very large proportion of the agricultural land in Halton Region and that the 1984 estimate of at least 39 yr for continuing this practice was valid. Moreover, in view of recent reductions in annual sludge quantity for land application in the Region and in sludge Cd concentration, the 39-yr estimate was considered to be conservative. Key words: Heavy metals, cadmium, Halton Region, municipal sludge, land application

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