scholarly journals Nitrogen Pulse and Competition Affects Nitrogen Metabolism in Invasive Weed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and Native Crop (Glycine max)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 772
Author(s):  
Baiwen Jiang ◽  
Xue Zhou ◽  
Ping Lu ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Haonan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Invasive Weeds ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Constant Multiple ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Frequent Event

Nitrogen (N) pulse is a frequent event in agroecosystems caused by fertilization. Understanding the responses of nitrogen metabolisms in native crops and invasive weeds to N pulses is essential in investigating the invasive mechanism of invasive weeds. A pot experiment was carried out to study the impacts of N pulse and the interspecific competition on nitrogen metabolism of an invasive weed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and a native crop (Glycine max); the plants were applied with an equal amount of N in three N pulse treatments, i.e., sole-summit treatment (SS) with N only applied on the seeding date, double-summit treatment (DS) with twice N applied (the fertilizer was applied on both the seeding date and the flowering date), and no-summit treatment (NS) in which N was applied evenly during the experiment. The results showed that A. retroflexus increased the nitrate reductase (NR) activity more than G. max (except for the roots) in the early growing stage, and increased the glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activities in stem more than G. max in SS and DS treatments during the last two growing stages, however, the advantages were far weaker in the NS treatment. Interspecific competition had negative effects on the nitrogen metabolism of the two species among most of the sample times, and the effects of interspecific competition exerted a tissue-specific influence on nitrogen metabolism in the two species. A. retroflexus switched to reproductive growth earlier in SS treatment than in the DS and NS treatments when it was grown in mixed planting, and its height was the lowest in the NS treatment, so the competitive ability of A. retroflexus was higher in the SS and DS treatments than in the NS treatment, while SS treatment was the common application method of N fertilizer in the G. max farmland in China. Thus, the results of this study suggest that, if the farmer changed the N fertilizer application mode to a constant multiple fertilization mode, the competitive capacity of A. retroflexus will be reduced.

Plant Water Stress of Soybean (Glycine max) and Common Cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum): A Comparison Under field Conditions

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Scott ◽  
R. D. Geddes
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Plant Water Stress ◽  
Diffusive Resistance ◽  
Early Afternoon

The study was conducted to determine the seasonal and diurnal water stress of soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Lee 74′] grown under intraspecific competition (competition between plants of the same species) and interspecific competition (competition between plants of different species) with common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr.). Midday xylem potentials decreased as the season progressed and were lower in common cocklebur during vegetative growth of soybean and in soybean during reproductive growth. For a given species differences in xylem potential due to mode of competition were small. In the diurnal studies xylem potential for each species decreased to a minimum in the early afternoon but recovered to the original pre-dawn values at night. As the season progressed leaf xylem potential (a) decreased at a greater rate, (b) decreased sooner in the day, and (c) recovered at a slower rate. It was shown that differences in xylem potential between soybean and common cocklebur on a given day were small. Greater diffusive resistance values generally were found with soybean than with common cocklebur and with each species grown under interspecific competition.

Interactions between Herbicidal Carbamates and Growth Regulators

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. James ◽  
G. N. Prendeville ◽  
G. F. Warren ◽  
M. M. Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Differential Movement ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Polygonum Lapathifolium ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Interactions between carbamate and growth regulator herbicides were antagonistic both in whole plants and in plant segments. When combinations of isopropylm-chlorocarbanilate (chlorpropham) and (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) were applied to the foliage of either redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) or pale smartweed (Polygonum lapathifoliumL.), the severe twisting effects of 2,4-D were greatly reduced. This interaction did not involve differential movement or metabolism of either herbicide. The induced elongation of soybean hypocotyl sections by the three growth regulators 2,4-D, 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba), and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) was inhibited in the presence of either chlorpropham orS-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC). Similarly, curvature tests using soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr.) hypocotyl sections showed the curvature induced by the growth regulators to be almost completely eliminated by the presence of the carbamates.

The effect of wilting or soaking on the nutritive value of two invasive weed species in Nepal

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 143-143
Author(s):  
C. Rymer ◽  
D.I. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Invasive Weeds ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Eupatorium Adenophorum ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Goats are an important component of the livelihoods of resource poor livestock keepers (RPLK) in Nepal. A major constraint is the poor health (and low economic value) of goats in the early part of the wet season, and this is partly brought about by the shortage of available forage in the dry season. Two invasive weeds (Eupatorium adenophorum, EA, and Chromolaena odorata, CO) now grow throughout Nepal. The plants grow year round, and so could be used as a source of forage, but their voluntary intake and perceived nutritive value by goats is low. If an appropriate means of treating EA and CO could be developed, their nutritive value may increase. EA and CO could then be included in the forage harvested for goats. The objective of this experiment was therefore to determine the effect on the nutritive value of EA and CO of either wilting or soaking these plants.

Growth and Water use by Common Cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum)and Soybeans (Glycine max)Under Field Conditions

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Geddes ◽  
H. D. Scott ◽  
L. R. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Depth Interval ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Soil Extraction ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
The Individual

The competitive effects of common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.) on soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Lee 74′] were studied on Peridge silt loam during 1975 and 1976. Interspecific competition reduced the dry matter (DM) and leaf area of the individual plants in comparison to the plants grown under intraspecific conditions. Twelve weeks after emergence the percentage reductions in DM and leaf area due to interspecific competition were similar, were greater in common cocklebur than soybeans, and were greater in the dry year (1976) than in the wet year (1975). The root systems of both species varied with plant age, soil depth, and seasonal moisture. In general, the density of roots of both species was greatest in the soil profile at a depth interval of 0 to 13 cm and in the dry year more roots were found deeper in the soil. Extraction of soil water began in mid-July at the 91-cm depth and in late July at the 137-cm depth. Roots of common cocklebur and of the interspecific treatment explored a greater volume of soil for water than did those of soybeans. The total amount of water used by a pure stand of soybeans and a mixed stand of soybeans and common cocklebur was greater than that used by a pure stand of common cocklebur. Approximately 25% less water was lost as evapotranspiration (ET) in the dry year than in the wet year. Values for water use efficiency (WUE) increased during the season. Little difference in WUE between species was found in the wet year and up to 10 weeks after emergence in the dry year.

Pemberian Superfarm Rhizobium Dan Pupuk N Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merill.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Rika Agustina ◽  
Hamidah Hamidah ◽  
Akhmad Sopian
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Crop Seed

Giving Superfarm Rhizobium and N fertilizer on the Growth and Production of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merill.). The aim of research to determine the effect of Superfarm Rhizobium and N fertilizer on the growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max (L. Merill). The study was conducted over four months, from March to July 2015. The study in Dusun Desa Sumber Jaya Manunggal Jaya Rt. 09 District of Tenggarong Seberang Regency. this study used a draft split plot with factorial 3 x 4 consisting of three replications. the first factor is Superfarm Rhizobium which comprise three levels: ie s0 (without treatment), s1 (2 g / plant), s2 (4 g / plant). The second factor is the dose of N fertilizer consists of four levels ie N0 (without fertilizer) n1 (2.5G / plant) n2 (5g / plant) and n3 (7,5g / plant) . the results showed that treatment of Rhizobium Superfarm Award (S) had no significant effect on all parameters. While the provision of fertilizer N (N) significantly affected plant height parameter parameter 2, 4 and 6 weeks after planting. and at a dose of 7.5 g significantly the parameters of crop seed weight, seed weight per plot, the production results (Ton ha-1). The highest production was achieved by treatment s0n3 483.33 g / plot, equivalent to 2.69 Toh ha-1.

NITROGEN METABOLISM IN SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX L.) AS AFFECTED BY METSULFURON-METHYL

2000 ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
N. Keutgen ◽  
S. Matsuhashi ◽  
M. Jia ◽  
C. Mizuniwa ◽  
T. Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Glycine Max L

scholarly journals Phenotypic plasticity of an invasive weed Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. in agrobiocenoses of the South of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 00041
Author(s):  
Leonid Esipenko ◽  
Aleksandr Podvarko ◽  
Anatoliy Savva
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Invasive Weeds ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
The South ◽  
Discrete Variation ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Krasnodar Krai

Invasive weeds are characterized by high phenotypic plasticity, which allows them to adapt to new climatic conditions due to variable phenotypes that have arisen in the historical time scale under the control of natural selection. Colonization of such plants takes place locally in accessible anthropogenic cenoses. In the South of Russia the most typical invasive plant is Ambrosia artemosiifolia L. We We examined the discrete variation by vegetative feature — shoot length according to 12 genotypes of ragweed in agrocenoses of Krasnodar Krai.

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