scholarly journals Climate Change and Livelihood Vulnerability in Mixed Crop–Livestock Areas: The Case of Province Punjab, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irshad Ahmad ◽  
Hengyun Ma
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Mixed Crop ◽  
The Face ◽  
Arid And Semiarid Areas ◽  
Future Policy

The mixed crop–livestock system is a primary source of livelihood in developing countries. Erratic climate changes are severely affecting the livelihoods of people who depend upon mixed crop–livestock production. By employing the livelihood vulnerability index (LVI), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LVI (LVIIPCC), and the livelihood effect index (LEI), this study evaluated livelihood vulnerability in southern Punjab, Pakistan. The study provides a range of indicators for national and local policy makers to improve resilience in the face of livelihood vulnerability. By incorporating more major components and subcomponents, this study identifies more specific challenges of livelihood vulnerability for future policy directions. It is interesting to find that credit and cash used for crop inputs are critical financial constraints for farmers. From the estimated indicators, this study also provides some specific policy recommendations for the four study districts of Punjab Province. These results are helpful in identifying and highlighting vulnerability determinants and indicators. Initiating and promoting better adaptive capacity and starting resilience projects for households are urgent actions required by donors and governments to reduce the livelihood vulnerability of mixed crop–livestock households in arid and semiarid areas.

scholarly journals Livelihood Vulnerability of Riverine-Island Dwellers in the Face of Natural Disasters in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Sarker ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
G Alam ◽  
Roger Shouse
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Flood Inundation ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Riverbank Erosion ◽  
The Face ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Vulnerability Framework ◽  
Access To Food

Bangladesh is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world. In particular, its riverine-island (char) dwellers face continuous riverbank erosion, frequent flooding, and other adverse effects of climate change that increase their vulnerability. This paper aims to assess the livelihood vulnerability of riverine communities by applying the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) vulnerability framework and the livelihood vulnerability index (LVI). Results indicate substantial variation in the vulnerability of char dwellers based on mainland proximity. The main drivers of livelihood vulnerability are char-dweller adaptation strategies and access to food and health services. The study further reveals that riverbank erosion, frequent flood inundation, and lack of employment and access to basic public services are the major social and natural drivers of livelihood vulnerability. Char-based policy focusing on short- and long-term strategy is required to reduce livelihood vulnerability and enhance char-dweller resilience.

scholarly journals Community Preparation and Vulnerability Indices for Floods in Pahang State of Malaysia

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Alias Nurul Ashikin ◽  
Mohd Idris Nor Diana ◽  
Chamhuri Siwar ◽  
Md. Mahmudul Alam ◽  
Muhamad Yasar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Household Products ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact

The east coast of Malaysia is frequently hit by monsoon floods every year that severely impact people, particularly those living close to the river bank, which is considered to be the most vulnerable and high-risk areas. We aim to determine the most vulnerable area and understand affected residents of this community who are living in the most sensitive areas caused by flooding events in districts of Temerloh, Pekan, and Kuantan, Pahang. This study involved collecting data for vulnerability index components. A field survey and face-to-face interviews with 602 respondents were conducted 6 months after the floods by using a questionnaire evaluation based on the livelihood vulnerability index (LVI). The findings show that residents in the Temerloh district are at higher risk of flooding damage compared to those living in Pekan and Kuantan. Meanwhile, the contribution factor of LVI-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) showed that Kuantan is more exposed to the impact of climate change, followed by Temerloh and Pekan. Among all the principal components shown, food components were considered to be the most vulnerable. Meanwhile, water components were categorised as the most invulnerable. Preventive planning involves preserving human life, minimising damage to household products, preserving crops and animals, adequate supply of clean water and food, good health and ensuring financial sustainability as an indication of changing livelihoods, sustainable food-storing systems, and other protective steps to curb damage and injury caused by annual flood strikes. Information generated on LVI assessment and adaptation procedures will help policymakers reduce people’s vulnerability in the face of floods and ensure proper plans are put in place in all relevant areas.

A gendered approach to understanding climate change impacts: lessons from a coastal region of Bangladesh.

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
S. Momtaz ◽  
M. Asaduzzaman ◽  
Z. Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
The Face

Abstract The purpose of this chapter is to understand the vulnerability of women's livelihoods to climate change impacts in Bangladesh. Data were collected through a survey of 150 randomly selected women from a sample of households. Focus group discussions, key informant interviews, participant observations, and a transect walk, provided supporting information to substantiate the household surveys. The chapter first outlines the theoretical foundation on which the research is based. This is followed by examining women's vulnerability in the study area. The chapter then describes women's coping strategies in the face of climate change-induced disasters. The chapter further explores women's adaptive capacity through the examination of their access to various services. It ends with a set of recommendations for policy makers in order to improve the situation of women's vulnerability.

One Atmosphere

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Singer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Montreal Protocol ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Protective Shield ◽  
Third Assessment Report ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Full Force

There can be no clearer illustration of the need for human beings to act globally than the issues raised by the impact of human activity on our atmosphere. That we all share the same planet came to our attention in a particularly pressing way in the 1970s when scientists discovered that the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) threatens the ozone layer shielding the surface of our planet from the full force of the sun's ultraviolet radiation. Damage to that protective shield would cause cancer rates to rise sharply and could have other effects, for example, on the growth of algae. The threat was especially acute to the world's southernmost cities, since a large hole in the ozone was found to be opening up each year over Antarctica, but in the long term, the entire ozone shield was imperiled. Once the science was accepted, concerted international action followed relatively rapidly with the signing of the Montreal Protocol in 1985. The developed countries phased out virtually all use of CFCs by 1999, and the developing countries, given a 10-year period of grace, are now moving toward the same goal. Getting rid of CFCs has turned out to be just the curtain raiser: the main event is climate change, or global warming. Without belittling the pioneering achievement of those who brought about the Montreal Protocol, the problem was not so difficult, for CFCs can be replaced in all their uses at relatively little cost, and the solution to the problem is simply to stop producing them. Climate change is a very different matter. The scientific evidence that human activities are changing the climate of our planet has been studied by a working group of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), an international scientific body intended to provide policy makers with an authoritative view of climate change and its causes. The group released its Third Assessment Report in 2001, building on earlier reports and incorporating new evidence accumulated over the previous five years. The report is the work of 122 lead authors and 515 contributing authors, and the research on which it was based was reviewed by 337 experts.

scholarly journals Spatial Assessment of Damage Vulnerability to Storms Based on the Analysis of Historical Damage Cost Data in the Korean Peninsula

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 6051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Il Choi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Damage Cost ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Spatial Assessment

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Reports, climate variability and changes increase the possibility of extreme weather events causing climate-related hazards and the risk of natural disasters. A storm is one of the most common and serious natural hazards that pose significant human and economic damage costs worldwide. The Korean Peninsula is also at persistent risk of hydro-meteorological disasters induced by rainstorms and typhoons due to geomorphological features and climate change impacts. This study has, therefore, proposed the damage vulnerability index for a spatial assessment of the damage vulnerability to storms, based on the IPCC’s vulnerability assessment concept. The damage vulnerability index is aggregated from the potential indicator for the potential damage targets, estimated by the population and major facility densities, and the risk indicator for the expected damage risk, estimated by the risk analysis for integrating both frequency and severity of human and economic damage cost records. The damage vulnerability index can assess regions vulnerable to the disaster damage induced by rainstorms, typhoons, and both, respectively, over the 231 administrative districts in the Republic of Korea. It is expected that the proposed damage vulnerability index can provide realistic and practical information on sustainable damage mitigation plans for the nationwide administrative districts against storm-induced disasters.

Using Dynamic Adaptive Policy Pathways and hydrological modelling to co-create water resource adaptation policies for climate change: a practical example for southern Portugal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Pedro Nunes ◽  
Luís Filipe Dias ◽  
Bruno A. Aparício ◽  
Inês Morais ◽  
Ana Lúcia Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Hydrological Modelling ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Adaptive Policy ◽  
Southern Portugal

<p>Mediterranean agricultural systems often rely on irrigation, which can cause conflicts with domestic water demand due to limited water resources. Climate change could enhance these conflicts by bringing a drier climate, lowering water availability, while increasing irrigation demands, therefore creating a need for timely adaptation actions. However, the creation of adaptation plans requires the integration of local policy-makers and stakeholders, both to ensure that the plans are adjusted to local physical and social conditions, and to secure investment in the implementation phase. As many are not technical experts in water resources, this integration requires innovative methodologies to ensure that knowledge gained from advanced hydrological methods can be effectively transmitted for use.</p><p>These issues were addressed in the climate change adaptation plan for water resources in the Algarve region (southern Portugal), which was co-created between hydrologists and local stakeholders and policy-makers under project CLIMAAA, by using the Dynamic Adaptive Policy Pathways (DAAP) approach to synthetize the results from hydrological modelling of future scenarios.</p><p>Future scenarios were simulated from the present until 2100 using a hydrological model, with multiple realizations of climate scenarios RCP4.5and RCP8.5. The results show an increase in water stress conditions, mainly in the RCP8.5 scenario. Future scenarios and potential adaptation measures were discussed with the local policy-makers (regional and municipal water managers) and water users (water utilities, farmer associations). An agreed-upon set of measures was then simulated with the model to assess their effectiveness for adaptation. These results were used to design a DAAP specifically for the water sector in the Algarve.</p><p>Policy-makers were then presented with the DAPP, combined with a cost assessment, and selected the most suitable and politically reliable adaptation pathway until 2100. They did not consider socially desirable to decrease irrigation use, and showed a strong preference for measures such as promoting efficient water use and water retention landscapes, which are distributed and incremental, to measures such as wastewater recycling which require a large investment. However, they did consider desalination as a last resort despite the high investment, to be applied in case other measures fail to maintain water stress below an acceptable threshold. In the end, an adaptation plan for water resources was co-created between policy-makers and researchers which strongly reflected local desires and preferences, while ensuring that its effectiveness was assessed with the best available tools; this plan is now in in the review and implementation stage.</p>

scholarly journals Adaptive Capacity Mapping of Semarang Offshore Territory by the Increasing of Water Level and Climate Change

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Ifan Ridlo Suhelm
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Village

Tidal inundation, flood and land subsidence are the problems faced by Semarang city related to climate change. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicted the increase of sea level rise 18-59 cm during 1990-2100 while the temperature increase 0,6°C to 4°C during the same period. The Semarang coastal city was highly vulnerable to sea level rise and it increased with two factors, topography and land subsidence. The purpose of this study was to map the adaptive capacity of coastal areas in the face of the threat of disasters caused by climate change. The parameters used are Network Number, Employee based educational background, Source Main Livelihoods, Health Facilities, and Infrastructure Road. Adaptive capacity of regions classified into 3 (three) classes, namely low, medium and high. The results of the study showed that most of the coastal area of Semarang have adaptive capacities ranging from low to moderate, while the village with low capacity totaling 58 villages (58.62%) of the total coastal district in the city of Semarang.

scholarly journals Assessing Local Vulnerability to Climate Change by Using Livelihood Vulnerability Index: A Case Study of Dipang Watershed in Central Himalaya Region of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-163
Author(s):  
Kapil Dhungana ◽  
Harish Bahadur Chand ◽  
Dinesh Bhandari ◽  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
Sanjay Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change

The current study uses the livelihood vulnerability index (LVI) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change livelihood vulnerability index (IPCC-LVI) approaches to assess household’s livelihood vulnerability in the Dipang watershed located in the Central Himalayan region of Nepal. Primary data was collected through various participatory rural appraisal (PRA) tools such as direct observation, key informant interviews (KIIs), focus group discussions (FGDs) and household surveys. Similarly, data on climatic variables were collected from the nearby meteorological station over 30 years (1987-2018). The mean annual average temperature increased by 0.036°C while the average rainfall decreased by 2.30 mm. Respondents perceived a similar trend of rising temperatures, decreasing rainfall intensity, dryness in the atmosphere, and dwindling water sources. The overall LVI score (0.416) indicated that the households are vulnerable to climate change. Food (0.642) and natural disasters and climate variability (0.566) were the most vulnerable among all contributing factors. Similarly, the overall LVI-IPCC score (0.104) indicated that the households were moderately vulnerable due to high exposure (0.566), sensitivity (0.448), and low adaptive capacity (0.334). The study findings suggest an urgent need to reduce high exposure to climate risks, improved livelihood strategies, and boost agricultural productivity and health in the watershed area.

scholarly journals Threats of Global Climate Change: A Review of the Driver to Multiples Environmental Degradation, Human Right Injustice and Unsustainable Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ayuk Macbert Nkongho ◽  
Cherabe Nchomba George
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Combat Climate Change ◽  
Management And Conservation

As we embrace the new millennium of the 21st century, the threats to the environment are unprecedented. However, none of these threats is as immense as global warming. Environmental management and conservation actions are floundering in the face of climate change as the latter poses a complex, bewildering array of impacts to the environment particularly on the state, individuals, communities, and cultures, as well as on natural resources (land, water, and air). Because of this, there is the need for the protection and promotion of climate change justice. The problem facing policy-makers and environmental stakeholders is how to plan within the context of global warming and to implement strategies for increasing the resistance and resilience of the environment to climate change impacts. This is because climate change is an issue of reality and is seemingly difficult to understand and to be plan for. It is, therefore, vital that a justice-centered approach is adopted to combat climate change. This article, therefore, seeks to analyze the causes and impacts of climate change, designs strategies and recommendations which is hope to address the adverse effects of climate change on human rights and the environment.

Sharing the Global Emissions Budget

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-42
Author(s):  
Megan Blomfield
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Global Commons ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Territorial Claims ◽  
Global Emissions

This chapter concerns how the global emissions budget should be shared, critiquing the equal per capita emissions view (EPC). First, it is explained how theorists have used claims about natural resource rights to formulate the atmospheric commons argument for EPC. Then, drawing on the assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and Elinor Ostrom’s work on common-pool resources, it is shown that these arguments invoke a misleading analysis of climate change as a global commons problem. Accurate understanding of how climate change results from overuse of a global commons suggests that proponents of the commons argument for EPC overlook potential territorial claims to the climate sink. Two options for EPC theorists who wish to maintain the view in the face of this critique are identified, but both turn out to necessitate deeper engagement with the question of how rights to the world’s resources should be assigned.

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