scholarly journals Novel Test Bench for the Active Reduction of Biomass Particulate Matter Emissions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Pérez-Orozco ◽  
David Patiño ◽  
Jacobo Porteiro ◽  
José Luís Míguez
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Experimental Plant ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Bed Temperature ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
The Stability

This paper introduces an experimental plant specifically designed to challenge the main operating issues related to modern biomass combustion systems (mainly NOx, particulate matter, and deposition phenomena). The prototype is an 11–18 kW overfed fixed-bed burner with a modular configuration, and the design considers the implementation of certain strategies for improving combustion: (1) a complete refrigeration system that also includes the fuel bed; and (2) an air injection control through flue gas recirculation. First, the stability and repeatability of the facility were successfully tested, establishing the duration of transient periods in the phase of experiment design. The results revealed similar effects in temperature and particulate emissions when comparing the use of the cooling bed and recirculation techniques. Reductions of 15% and up to 70% were achieved for the exhaust temperature and particulate matter concentration, respectively. Otherwise, the refrigeration considerably reduced the bed temperature, especially in its core, which enhanced the condensation of volatile salts and therefore the fouling phenomena. Although the viability of using both techniques as temperature control methods is demonstrated, further studies are needed to clarify the specific effects of each technology and to clarify the possible significance of a hybrid solution that combines both strategies.

Influence of Fuel Chemical Composition on Particulate Matter Emissions of a Turbine Engine

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Corporan ◽  
Orvin Monroig ◽  
Matthew Wagner ◽  
Matthew J. Dewitt
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Particle Number Density ◽  
Synthetic Jet ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Calculated Mass ◽  
Turboshaft Engine

The effects of fuel chemical composition on particulate matter (PM) emissions of a T63 engine were investigated. Fuels with different aromatic, cycloparaffin (naphthene), iso-paraffin and normal paraffin levels were evaluated in the turboshaft engine and compared to the performance of a typical JP-8 fuel. The fuels studied include: a semi-synthetic jet fuel, two high naphthenic experimental fuels, three Exxon solvents (Isopar M, Isopar H and Norpar-13) and methylcyclohexane. The effect of blending solvents in JP-8 on PM emissions was also assessed. Commercially available particulate instruments were used to measure particle number density, particulate mass concentration and particle size distribution. Results showed a general trend of higher particulate concentrations and larger diameter soot particles with decreasing fuel hydrogen-to-carbon (H/C) ratio or increasing aromatic content. However, for several fuels with approximately the same H/C ratio, significant differences in PND and calculated mass were observed. Furthermore, blends of JP-8 with solvents of similar H/C ratio but varying chemical composition produced significantly different particulate emissions. These findings demonstrate that particulate emissions from hydrocarbon-fueled combustion processes are not solely a function of the H/C ratio or aromatic concentration of the fuel, but that other properties or constituents also impact soot emissions. Chemical and physical properties of the fuels and their potential effect on particulate emissions are discussed. These findings provide insight into fuel properties that impact PM emissions, which may aid in the development of fuel additives to reduce particulate emissions from turbine engine combustors.

Comparative Study on Various Methods for Measuring Engine Particulate Matter Emissions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Gerald Liu ◽  
Devin R. Berg ◽  
James J. Schauer‡
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Mass Measurement ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Particulate Emission ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Particulate Mass

Studies have shown that there are a significant number of chemical species present in engine exhaust particulate matter emissions. Additionally, the majority of current world-wide regulatory methods for measuring engine particulate emissions are gravimetrically based. As modern engines produce increasingly lower particulate mass emissions, these methods become less and less stable and have high levels of measurement uncertainty. In this study, a characterization of mass emissions from engines with a range of particulate emission levels was made in order to gain a better understanding of the variability and uncertainty associated with common mass measurement methods, as well as how well these methods compare with each other. Two gravimetric mass measurement methods and a reconstructed mass method were analyzed as part of the present study. The results have shown that each of the mass measurement methods analyzed compare well at higher emission levels, but show significant disparity at the ultra-low emission levels commonly seen from modern diesel engines. Additionally, at ultra-low emission the uncertainty in the measurement becomes large, thus reducing confidence in the accuracy of the measurement. Based upon these findings, it would be difficult to justify a comparison between any two gravimetric measurement methods and it may be more appropriate to perform a reconstruction of the particulate mass due to a lower susceptibility to measurement error.

Bed cooling effects in solid particulate matter emissions during biomass combustion. A morphological insight

Energy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 118088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Pérez-Orozco ◽  
David Patiño ◽  
Jacobo Porteiro ◽  
José Luis Míguez
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Cooling Effects

P-Based Additive for Reducing Fine Particulate Matter Emissions during Agricultural Biomass Combustion

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 11274-11284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youjian Zhu ◽  
Jiyuan Fan ◽  
Peng Yang ◽  
Wei Cheng ◽  
Kuo Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Agricultural Biomass ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions

scholarly journals CFD Simulation of an Internally Cooled Biomass Fixed-Bed Combustion Plant

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
César Álvarez-Bermúdez ◽  
Sergio Chapela ◽  
Luis G. Varela ◽  
Miguel Ángel Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Bed Temperature ◽  
Air Staging

The reduction of bed temperature in fixed-bed biomass combustion is an effective measure to lower pollutant emissions. Air staging and bed cooling solutions are active strategies to decrease the fuel bed temperature. This work presents a CFD study of a biomass fixed-bed combustion plant that is equipped with an internal cooling bed system. Eight different cases are calculated to analyze the effect of the total airflow, air staging ratios and bed cooling system on biomass combustion. The findings are validated against experimental data from the literature. The results show good accordance between the numerical results and the experimental data. The primary airflow rate has the biggest influence on the bed’s maximum temperatures. The internal bed cooling system is able to achieve an average bed temperature reduction of 21%, slowing the biomass thermal conversion processes. Bed cooling techniques can be combined with air staging and primary airflow reduction to reduce bed temperatures in order to reduce pollutant emissions and other undesirable phenomena, such as fouling or slagging.

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