scholarly journals Eco-Environmental Risk Evaluation for Land Use Planning in Areas of Potential Farmland Abandonment in the High Mountains of Nepal Himalayas

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 6931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Chaudhary ◽  
Yukuan Wang ◽  
Amod Mani Dixit ◽  
Narendra Raj Khanal ◽  
Pei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Risk Map ◽  
Farmland Abandonment ◽  
The North ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Land use change, especially that due to farmland abandonment in the mountains of Nepal, is being seen as a major factor contributing to increasing eco-environmental risk, undesirable changes in the socio-cultural landscape, biodiversity loss, and reduced capacity of the ecosystem to provide key services. This study aims to: i) evaluate eco-environmental risk for one of the high mountain river basins, the Dordi river basin in Nepal, that has a growing potential of farmland abandonment; and ii) develop a risk-based land use planning framework for mitigating the impact of risk and for enhancing sustainable management practices in mountain regions. We employed a multi-criteria analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to assign risk weightage to geophysical and socio-demographic factors, and performed spatial superposition analysis in the model builder of a geographic information system (GIS) to produce an eco-environmental risk map, which was subjected to a reliability check against existing eco-environmental conditions by ground truthing and using statistical models. The result shows that 22.36% of the basin area has a high level of risk. The very high, extreme high, moderate, and low zones accounted 17.38%, 7.93%, 28.49%, and 23.81%, respectively. A high level of eco-environmental risk occurs mostly in the north and northwest, but appears in patches in the south as well, whereas the level of moderate risk is concentrated in the southern parts of the river basin. All the land use types, notably, forest, grassland, shrub land, and cultivated farmland, are currently under stress, which generally increases with elevation towards the north but is also concentrated along the road network and river buffer zones where human interference with nature is the maximum. The risk map and the framework are expected to provide information and a scientific evidence-base for formulating and reasonable development strategies and guidelines for consensus-based utilization and protection of eco-environmental resources in the river basin. As an awareness raising tool, it also can activate social processes enabling communities to design for and mitigate the consequences of hazardous events. Moreover, this risk assessment allows an important link in understanding regional eco-environmental risk situation, land use, natural resources, and environmental management.

scholarly journals Using the analytic hierarchy process to create an erosion risk map. A case study in Malakasiotiko stream, Trikala perfecture

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1904 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bathrellos ◽  
H. Skilodimou
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Risk Map ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hierarchy Process

This study is aimed at the evaluation of the erosion risk at the drainage basin of Malakasiotiko stream in Trikala prefecture, using a Geographic Information System (GIS). A database from six factors that influence erosion namely slope, lithology, drainage density, tectonic features density, land use and rainfall inserted into GIS. Each factor was grouped in various classes. A method known as Analytic Hierarchy Process (ΑΗΡ) was applied to rate the individual classes of each factor and weight the impact of one factor against the other in order to determination their importance to erosion process. The results of the ΑΗΡ application in combination with GIS techniques were used to estimate the overall erosion risk and create the erosion risk map. The study area was divided into three zones of erosion risk. High erosion risk zones are mostly located on the northwest, west and south parts of the drainage basin of Malakasiotiko stream. The erosion risk map of the study area can be a useful geologic and géomorphologie criterion for the land use planning.

Evaluation of Environmental Efficiency of Runoff Responsibility Distribution from the Perspective of Equity and Efficiency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Kuan Ling ◽  
Chang Hsueh Sheng ◽  
Cheng Hao Teng
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Spatial Unit ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

<p>In recent years, the risk of flooding disasters caused by climate change has increased, and a new concept of runoff sharing has been proposed in China. It is an operation method based on the area of ​​the catchment from the perspective of water conservancy. However, the basin area is also a spatial unit of human economic activity. Social and economic development and the distribution of runoff responsibilities clearly show a mutual measurement relationship, and the land has a certain social responsibility to handle its own runoff. How can it be distributed fairly and efficiently? The issue of responsibility for runoff sharing has become an important issue for joint initiatives in the field of soil and water. </p><p> </p><p>In the case of considering the watershed as a spatial scope, in addition to considering its own hydrological properties, there are also socioeconomic development issues that should be clarified and discussed step by step. Therefore, this study attempts to use the three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to consider hydrology The concept of interaction with the socio-economic environment takes into account the impact of exogenous factors on the allocation of runoff responsibility, and evaluates the efficiency of runoff responsibility. In view of this, from the standpoint of the government and residents sharing the runoff, this study effectively combines the different types of data of the social, economic, and ecological environments in the catchment areas to carry out a comprehensive assessment, and weighs out the optimal distribution efficiency of the overall river basin. </p><p> </p><p>This study is divided into three parts to clarify the distribution of runoff responsibilities, which are divided into: (1) Establishing an assessment framework for the distribution of river basin runoff responsibilities: Based on the analysis of the spatial unit of the catchment area, an attempt is made to integrate different regional development conditions, which can be summarized Appropriate and appropriate distribution methods; (2) Weighing the fairness and efficiency of the distribution of runoff responsibilities in the spatial unit of the watershed: Point out the current runoff responsibility distribution model and characteristics of the catchment area; (3) Attempt to develop the principles for the use of land use planning, Apply the concept of runoff responsibility to land use planning. </p><p> </p><p>Based on the results of this study, a more fair way to distribute runoff responsibilities is proposed, and a new perspective on social natural equality from the river basin scale is clarified. The key factors that affect the distribution of runoff responsibilities are clear. Efficiently undertake total runoff and provide policy planning advice. Try to discuss the issue of runoff responsibility allocation from the field of urban planning, provide river basin runoff responsibility with a planning vision, strengthen the spatial thinking of water and soil dialogue, and look forward to providing a new model of river basin governance in extreme climates. </p>

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF RELIEF ON LAND COVER AND LAND USE OF THE LLAP RIVER BASIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shpejtim Bulliqi ◽  
Leutrim Krasniqi ◽  
Florim Isufi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
River Basin ◽  
The North ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Environment Agency ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Geomorphometric Parameters

Based on the dialectical principle, an attempt was made to analyze in details the impact of relief on land cover and land use. To achieve this objective, the Llap river basin was chosen. The Llap river basin lies in the north-eastern part of Kosovo, which is discerned as a morphological whole with particular physical-geographic elements. Since the past, relief was a factor with direct and indirect impact on land cover and especially on land use. The essential part of the analysis was the correlation of the geomorphometric parameters (altitude and slope) with land cover and land use. For calculating these parameters, a digital elevation model of 12 m / pixel was downloaded from the Alaska Satellite Facility. On the other hand, the CORINE Land Cover 2012 data from the European Environment Agency (EEA) were used for land cover. The completion of the analysis was done in that form for each category of geomorphometric parameters was compared with land cover and land use. It is evident that relief has influenced the Llap basin, both in the extent of settlements and in the activities that human develop on this land.

scholarly journals Analysis and prediction of LUCC change in Huang-Huai-Hai river basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1406-1420
Author(s):  
Jianwei Wang ◽  
Kun Wang ◽  
Tianling Qin ◽  
Hanjiang Nie ◽  
Zhenyu Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Emission Scenarios ◽  
Future Change ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Downstream Area

AbstractLand use/cover change plays an important role in human development and environmental health and stability. Markov chain and a future land use simulation model were used to predict future change and simulate the spatial distribution of land use in the Huang-Huai-Hai river basin. The results show that cultivated land and grassland are the main land-use types in the basin, accounting for about 40% and 30%, respectively. The area of cultivated land decreased and artificial surfaces increased from 1980 to 2010. The degree of dynamic change of land use after the 1990s was greater than that before the 1990s. There is a high probability of exchange among cultivate land, forest and grassland. The area of forest decreased before 2000 and increased after 2000. Under the three emission scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5) of IPSL-CM5A-LR climate model, the area of cultivated land will decrease and that of grassland will increase in the upstream area while it will decrease in the downstream area. The above methods and rules will be of great help to future land use planning.

Influence of climate change on soil erosion in high mountain area: a case study of upper Heihe river basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Guanxing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Heihe River ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
High Mountain Area ◽  
The Impact

<p>The impact of climate change on soil erosion is pronounced in high mountain area. In this study, the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model was improved for better calculation of soil erosion during snowmelt period by integrating a distributed hydrological model in upper Heihe river basin (UHRB). The results showed that the annual average soil erosion rate from 1982 to 2015 in the study area was 8.1 t ha<sup>-1 </sup>yr<sup>-1</sup>, belonging to the light grade. To evaluate the influence of climate change on soil erosion, detrended analysis of precipitation, temperature and NDVI was conducted. It was found that in detrended analysis of precipitation and temperature, the soil erosion of UHRB would decrease 26.5% and 3.0%, respectively. While in detrended analysis of NDVI, soil erosion would increase 9.9%. Compared with precipitation, the effect of temperature on total soil erosion was not significant, but the detrended analysis of temperature showed that the effect of temperature on soil erosion during snowmelt period can reach 70%. These finding were helpful for better understanding of the impact of climate change on soil erosion and provide a scientific basis for soil management in high mountain area under climate change in the future.</p>

Linking Land Use Capability classes and APSIM to estimate pasture growth for regional land use planning

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Vogeler ◽  
Rogerio Cichota ◽  
Josef Beautrais
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Pastoral Systems ◽  
System Models ◽  
Farm System ◽  
The Impact

Investigation of land-use and management changes at regional scales require the linkage of farm-system models with land-resource information, which for pastoral systems includes forage supply. The New Zealand Land Resource Inventory (NZLRI) and associated Land Use Capability (LUC) database include estimates of the potential stock-carrying capacity across the country, which can be used to derive estimates of average annual pasture yields. Farm system models and decision support tools, however, require information on the seasonal patterns of pasture growth. To generate such pasture growth curves (PGCs), the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) was used, with generic soil profiles based on descriptions of LUC classes, to generate PGCs for three regions of New Zealand. Simulated annual pasture yields were similar to the estimates of annual potential pasture yield in the NZLRI spatial database, and they provided information on inter-annual variability. Simulated PGCs generally agreed well with measured long-term patterns of seasonal pasture growth. The approach can be used to obtain spatially discrete estimates of seasonal pasture growth patterns across New Zealand for use in farm system models and for assessing the impact of management practices and climate change on the regional sustainability.

scholarly journals NO<sub>2</sub> seasonal evolution in the North Subtropical free troposphere

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 14473-14504
Author(s):  
M. Gil-Ojeda ◽  
M. Navarro-Comas ◽  
L. Gómez-Martín ◽  
J. A. Adame ◽  
A. Saiz-Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Free Troposphere ◽  
Seasonal Evolution ◽  
The North ◽  
Measuring Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pollution Events

Abstract. Three years of Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAXDOAS) measurements (2011–2013) have been used for estimating the NO2 mixing ratio along a horizontal line of sight from the high mountain Subtropical observatory of Izaña, at 2370 m a.s.l. (NDACC station, 28.3° N, 16.5° W). The method is based on horizontal path calculation from the O2–O2 collisional complex at the 477 nm absorption band which is measured simultaneously to the NO2, and is applicable under low aerosols loading conditions. The MAXDOAS technique, applied in horizontal mode in the free troposphere, minimizes the impact of the NO2 contamination resulting from the arrival of MBL airmasses from thermally forced upwelling breeze during central hours of the day. Comparisons with in-situ observations show that during most of measuring period the MAXDOAS is insensitive or very little sensitive to the upwelling breeze. Exceptions are found during pollution events under southern wind conditions. On these occasions, evidence of fast efficient and irreversible transport from the surface to the free troposphere is found. Background NO2 vmr, representative of the remote free troposphere, are in the range of 20–45 pptv. The observed seasonal evolution shows an annual wave where the peak is in phase with the solar radiation. Model simulations with the chemistry-climate CAM-Chem model are in good agreement with the NO2 measurements, and are used to further investigate the possible drivers of the NO2 seasonality observed at Izaña.

scholarly journals Spatial Pattern Analysis of a Water-Related Ecosystem Service and Evaluation of the Grassland-Carrying Capacity of the Heihe River Basin under Land Use Change

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2658
Author(s):  
Rui Luo ◽  
Shiliang Yang ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Pengqun Gao ◽  
Tianming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Heihe River Basin ◽  
Heihe River ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Heihe River Basin

A key challenge to the sustainability and security of grassland capacity is the protection of water-related ecosystem services (WESs). With the change of land use, the supply of aquatic ecosystem services has changed, and the grassland-carrying capacity has been affected. However, the correlation mechanism between WESs and the grassland-carrying capacity is not clear. In this study, we used the InVEST(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) model to evaluate the impact of land-use change on WESs, and made a tradeoff analysis between WESs and grassland-carrying capacity. Considering that the Heihe River Basin (HRB) was an important grassland vegetation zone, which was a milestone for the development of animal husbandry in China, HRB was taken as a case. The main findings are as follows: (1) the spatial distribution of WESs shows the dissimilation rule, the upper reaches are the main water yield area, the soil retention is weakening in the middle and lower reaches, and the pollution has further increased in the middle and upper reaches. (2) The carrying capacity of animal husbandry decreased in the upper reaches, increased in Shandan County and Zhangye City in the middle reaches, and decreased sharply in other regions. (3) There was a positive correlation between the livestock-carrying capacity and nitrogen export in 2018, which was increasing. As the change of land use has changed the evapotranspiration structure, WESs have undergone irreversible changes. Meanwhile, the development of large-scale irrigated farmland and human activities would be the source of a further intensification of regional soil erosion and water pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to trade off the WESs and animal husbandry under land-use change. This paper revealed how WESs changed from 2000 to 2018, the characteristics of the changes in the spatial and temporal distribution, and the carrying capacity. It aims to provide a scientific basis for coordinating the contradiction between grassland and livestock resources, improving the regional ecological security situation, and carrying out ecosystem management.

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