scholarly journals Energy Transitions Towards Low Carbon Resilience: Evaluation of Disaster-Triggered Local and Regional Cases

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yekang Ko ◽  
Brendan F. D. Barrett ◽  
Andrea E. Copping ◽  
Ayyoob Sharifi ◽  
Masaru Yarime ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Small Community ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Positive Perspective ◽  
Emission Growth ◽  
Oriented Energy ◽  
Key Aspects

Following numerous global scientific studies and major international agreements, the decarbonization of energy systems is an apparent and pressing concern. The consequence of continued emission growth tied to rising global average temperatures is difficult to predict, but against a background of other natural and human-induced disasters, may create a situation, from a positive perspective, where each disaster event triggers “build back better” responses designed to speed the transition toward low carbon, resilience-oriented energy systems. This article examines the potential for disaster-triggered responses in communities, at various local and regional levels, in four industrial economies in the Asia Pacific region: Japan, China, Australia, and the USA. Seven case studies were evaluated against a set of criteria that exemplify the key aspects of resilient energy systems. The research results suggest that a new space of innovation does emerge in post-disaster situations at a range of local and regional scales. The greatest potential benefit and opportunity for significant gains, however, appears to manifest at the small community level, and the ultimate challenge relates to how to mainstream local innovations into state and national level transformation on energy systems so as to enhance resilience and promote rapid decarbonization.

scholarly journals The performance of national COVID-19 ‘Symptom Checkers’: A comparative case simulation study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Mansab ◽  
S Bhatti ◽  
D Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
National Level ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
List Type ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Key Aspects

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe response to COVID-19 differs from nation to nation. There are likely a number of factors one can attribute to such disparity, not least of which is differing healthcare models and approaches. Here, we examine the COVID-19 community triage pathways employed by four nations, specifically comparing the safety and efficacy of national online ‘symptom checkers’ utilised within the triage pathway.MethodsA simulation study was conducted on current, nationwide, patient-led symptom checkers from four countries (Singapore, Japan, USA and UK). 52 cases were simulated to approximate typical COVID-19 presentations (mild, moderate, severe and critical), and COVID-19 mimickers (e.g. sepsis and bacterial pneumonia). The same simulations were applied to each of the four country’s symptom checkers, and the recommendations to refer on for medical care or to stay home were recorded and compared.ResultsThe symptom checkers from Singapore and Japan advised onward healthcare contact for the majority of simulations (88% and 77% respectively). The USA and UK symptom checkers triaged 38% and 44% of cases to healthcare contact, respectively. Both the US and UK symptom checkers consistently failed to identify severe COVID-19, bacterial pneumonia and sepsis, triaging such cases to stay home.ConclusionOur results suggest that whilst ‘symptom checkers’ may be of use to the healthcare COVID-19 response, there is the potential for such patient-led assessment tools to worsen outcomes by delaying appropriate clinical assessment. The key features of the well performing symptom checkers are discussed.SUMMARYWhat is already known?The availability and use of symptom checkers are increasing.Symptom checkers are currently in use at a national level to help in the healthcare response to COVID-19.There is limited evidence to support the effectiveness or safety of symptom checkers as triage tools during a pandemic response.What does this paper add?This study compares performance of symptom checkers across different countries, revealing marked variation between national symptom checkers.The symptom checkers employed by Japan and Singapore are twice as likely to triage cases onward for clinical assessment than those of the US or UK.The US and UK symptom checkers frequently triaged simulated cases of sepsis, bacterial pneumonia and severe COVID-19 to stay home with no further healthcare contact.We discuss the key aspects of the well-performing triage systems.

scholarly journals ‘GRAND STRATEGIES’, MILITARY AND POLITICAL DOCTRINES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: TRENDS OF EVOLUTION AFTER THE END OF THE COLD WAR. LESSONS FOR UKRAINE

2016 ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Valentyn Petrov
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
National Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grand Strategy ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Grand Strategies ◽  
Defense Planning

The conceptual and practical aspects of security policy of the USA in terms of their reflection in the ‘Grand Strategy’, military and political-military doctrines are analyzed. The hierarchy of strategic documents that determine US security and defense policy, together with the approaches towards their development in the context of the domestic policy, global trends and forecasts, are examined. The mechanism of working out various national level strategies and doctrines in the USA can be studied as an example. This world superpower has a definitely clear set of relevant documents. First of all, we are talking about the so-called Grand strategies & High strategies that can be determined as a specific component of the political and defense planning in the US. At the current moment, any other country can hardly challenge the US Power. That is why the American ‘Grand Strategy’ is not only a strategy of the national security, but also a leverage partly influencing the international, global, Euro-Atlantic, Asia-Pacific, etc. security. Taking into account above-mentioned possible implementation of the US experience in Ukraine’s defense planning in respect to actual threats and challenges to national security is studied.

scholarly journals Citizen Participation in Low-Carbon Energy Systems: Energy Communities and Its Impact on the Electricity Demand on Neighborhood and National Level

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Sebastian Zwickl-Bernhard ◽  
Hans Auer
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Research Question ◽  
National Level ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Electricity Demand ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Local Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

In this work, the main research question is how a high penetration of energy communities (ECs) affects the national electricity demand in the residential sector. Thus, the existing building stock of three European regions/countries, namely, the Iberian Peninsula, Norway, and Austria, is analyzed and represented by four different model energy communities based on characteristic settlement patterns. A tailor-made, open-source model optimizes the utilization of the local energy technology portfolio, especially small-scale batteries and photovoltaic systems within the ECs. Finally, the results on the national level are achieved by upscaling from the neighborhood level. The findings of different 2030 scenarios (building upon narrative storylines), which consider various socio-economic and techno-economic determinants of possible future energy system development, identify a variety of modification potentials of the electricity demand as a result of EC penetration. The insights achieved in this work highlight the important contributions of ECs to low-carbon energy systems. Future work may focus on the provision of future local energy services, such as increasing cooling demand and/or high shares of electric vehicles, further enhancement of the upscaling to the national level (i.e., considering the distribution network capacities), and further diversification of EC composition beyond the residential sector.

Participants of the Global Oil Market

2003 ◽  
pp. 123-135
Author(s):  
D. Kokurin ◽  
G. Melkumov
Keyword(s):  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Oil Market ◽  
Oil Corporations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Basic Parameters

The article deals with the leading participants of the global oil market and examines its basic parameters in 2002. The authors point out such demand-creating countries as the USA, the EU15 and the Asia Pacific, discuss their specifics as oil-consuming countries and their ability to influence the global oil market. The supply is provided by OPEC countries, US oil corporations and partly independent oil producers.

THE ACTIVITIES OF THE USA AND CHINA IN THE REGIONS OF THE WORLD, AFFECTING THE REALIZATION OF RUSSIA'S INTERESTS. Part 1: country interests and activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 149-166
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Gordienko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

The paper examines the interests of Russia, the United States and China in the regions of the world and identifies the priorities of Russia's activities in Europe, Central Asia and the Caucasus, the Asia-Pacific region, the Arctic, Africa, the Middle East and Latin America, their comparative assessment with the interests of the United States and China. An approach to assessing the impact of possible consequences of the activities of the United States and China on the realization of Russia's interests is proposed. This makes it possible to identify the priorities of the policy of the Russian Federation in various regions of the world. The results of the analysis can be used to substantiate recommendations to the military-political leadership of our country. It is concluded that the discrepancy between the interests of the United States and China is important for the implementation of the current economic and military policy of the Russian Federation.

Abstract TP73: Transition of ECASS III Results to Clinical Practice: 90 Day Outcomes in a US Cohort

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn A Cronin ◽  
Patricia Langenberg ◽  
Tara M Dutta ◽  
Steven J Kittner
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Time To Treatment ◽  
Select Group ◽  
Symptomatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Iv Tpa

Introduction: ECASS III showed benefit of IV tPA for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) 3-4.5 hr from onset in a select group of patients from Europe, with this extended treatment subsequently recommended by the AHA/ASA. We prospectively enrolled AIS patients treated with IV tPA as this recommendation was being applied in clinical practice, to determine safety and efficacy in a representative cohort from the USA. Methods: Consecutive AIS patients treated with IV tPA at 18 primary stroke centers throughout Maryland were approached and informed consent obtained during hospitalization. Sites ranged from small community hospitals to large academic medical centers. In-hospital and demographic data were obtained from each site’s GWTG database or directly from the medical record. Study personnel blinded to the treatment time window obtained 90 day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) by structured phone interview. Patients were grouped by time to treatment (≤ 3hr vs. 3-4.5hr) and compared for presence of additional exclusion criteria from ECASS III that are not standard practice in the USA for ≤ 3hr (age >80, history of stroke and diabetes, oral anticoagulant treatment, and NIHSS>25). Good functional outcome (mRS 0-1 and 0-2), mortality, and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) were analyzed. Results: Patients treated 3-4.5hr were somewhat younger (mean age 62.6 vs. 66.6, p=0.06), and had smaller infarcts (median NIHSS 5 vs. 8, p=0.04). There was only partial adherence to the additional ECASS exclusions (Table 1). There were no significant differences by time to treatment in sICH, mortality, or 90 day functional outcome (Table 2). Conclusion: For US patients treated with IV tPA 3-4.5 hr from onset in every day practice, there is no evidence for increased risk or worse outcomes compared to standard treatment up to 3 hr.

scholarly journals Energy Rebound as a Potential Threat to a Low-Carbon Future: Findings from a New Exergy-Based National-Level Rebound Approach

Energies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Brockway ◽  
Harry Saunders ◽  
Matthew Heun ◽  
Timothy Foxon ◽  
Julia Steinberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Potential Threat

scholarly journals Energy justice in the transition to low carbon energy systems: Exploring key themes in interdisciplinary research

2019 ◽  
Vol 233-234 ◽  
pp. 916-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren McCauley ◽  
Vasna Ramasar ◽  
Raphael J. Heffron ◽  
Benjamin K. Sovacool ◽  
Desta Mebratu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Justice ◽  
Low Carbon Energy
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