scholarly journals Attitudes and Perceptions of Employees toward Corporate Social Responsibility in Western Balkan Countries: Importance and Relevance for Sustainable Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melovic ◽  
Milovic ◽  
Backovic-Vulic ◽  
Dudic ◽  
Bajzik
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
Multivariate Factor Analysis ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Corporate Social

The aim of this paper is to identify the factors that influence employees’ attitudes and perceptions of corporate social responsibilities (CSR), as well as to discuss if there are some significant differences in the application of CSR in the analyzed Western Balkan countries, especially in terms of public and private sector affiliation. This is the first academic survey which examined the employees’ attitudes and perceptions of CSR integrally in five Western Balkan countries. Multivariate factor analysis was applied to data collected from 2410 employees in the analyzed countries. In order to test additionally the results obtained by factor analysis, the Structural Equation Model (SEM) was applied. The results of the research, obtained by multivariate factor analysis and SEM model, show that the largest percentage of employees believe that the CSR concept enables the generating of new values and success of the company, as well as welfare for the whole society. Additionally, companies are increasingly recognizing the strategic importance of CSR for the sustainability of their business, as well as the importance of development of sustainable practices in the environment. Based on the results of the research, the authors found out that there were significant differences in the understanding and acceptance of CSR in the analyzed countries, while there were significantly smaller differences between the private and public sectors. The results of the research may serve as a guide for managers when making decisions about implementing the strategy and future activities regarding CSR.

scholarly journals Corporate Social Responsibility and Intellectual Capital: Sources of Competitiveness and Legitimacy in Organizations´ Management Practices

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gallardo-Vázquez ◽  
Valdez-Juárez ◽  
Lizcano-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Tangible Assets ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Corporate Social

Two important managerial strategies have shaped organizations’ initiatives in recent years: corporate social responsibility (CSR) and intellectual capital (IC). Organizations’ implementation of voluntary CSR practices implies a commitment that goes beyond mere actions and it constitutes a step toward securing benefits for these entities. In contrast, IC refers to a set of intangible organizational assets (i.e., human, structural, and relational capital) that are capable of providing greater value than tangible assets do. Putting both strategies into practice independently of each other is a source of competitive advantages for organizations, including more legitimacy in their sector. However, the present study sought to explore the possibility of strengthening the link between CSR and IC by integrating socially responsible practices into the configuration of each IC dimension. Thus, this research’s objective was to determine whether CSR initiatives can generate improvements in key IC components in organizations. The study included extremely diverse Spanish organizations ranging from small and medium-sized enterprises to large firms, private and public companies, and organizations serving multiple purposes, such as universities—all of which were implementing CSR initiatives. The partial least squares technique was applied to estimate a structural equation model to achieve the objective. The findings include that CSR improves organizations’ IC and that the resulting competitiveness is a source of legitimacy.

scholarly journals JOB SATISFACTION: INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF EXPERIENCE AND MOTIVATION OF UNIVERSITY ACADEMICIANS IN PAKISTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-252
Author(s):  
Munazza Rahim Hanafi ◽  
Khalid Iraqi
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Employee Motivation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Successful Education ◽  
The Impact

The key resource for the achievement of institutional objectives and enhancement of high quality education are teachers. Well motivated and satisfied teachers cultivate the successful education system in the country. Thus, the present study attempts to observe the impact of motivation and experience on job satisfaction of teachers through the perspective of Herzberg’s ideology of employee motivation and job satisfaction by conducting the comparative study of both public and private sector universities in Karachi. The sample was purposively drawn from 300 teachers and the data was analyzed by using partial least squares - Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Additionally, significant differences were found in the job satisfaction and motivation level among private and public university teachers. The presented findings embrace the implications for higher education institutions and HR practitioners.

scholarly journals Level Of ICT Usage and Perceived Attributes among Academicians

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Marlita Mat Yusof ◽  
Nurhazirah Hashim ◽  
Siti Noraini Mohd Tobi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Higher Institutions

This study applies Structural Equation Model for ICT usage in Higher Education (Usluel, Askar & Bass 2008) attempts to identify the level of ICT usage among academicians in UiTM and UNISEL, two higher institutions representing the public and private sector respectively. Subsequently, the relationship between the perceived attributes and the level of ICT usage among academicians is presented. This paper compares the difference and the most influential attributes of the aforementioned between the public and private learning institution. This paper concludes that there is a significant relationship between perceived attributes and the level of ICT usage among UITM and UNISEL academicians. However, UiTM registers compatibility whilst UNISEL records observability as their most influential perceived attribute that leads to the level of ICT usage. The findings of this research were made through questionnaire distributed to academicians from both institutions and the analysis was carried out to verify the hypotheses. Keywords: Level of Usage, Information Communication and Technology (ICT), Perceived Attributes, Academician © 2017 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

Corporate Social Reporting Practices In India

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Vipin Bihari Srivastava ◽  
Dr Manoj Kumar Mishra ◽  
Dr Wogari Negari
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Social Reporting ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Corporate Social Reporting ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Corporate Social

"This paper aims to examine the extent of corporate social reporting practices in the annual reports of companies in India and to ascertain the differences if any, between public sector and private sector companies and to investigate what were the determinants of corporate social reporting . The study intends to answer the research questions which include: a) what variables could represent a Conceptual Model of Corporate Social Reporting consists of dependent variables and Independent variables? b) What are the factors of Corporate Social Reporting (COSOR) and how valid and reliable are these factors? c) What is the degree of COSOR by factors in public and private sector companies? d) What are the determinants of COSOR? What is the level of their influence on COSOR? A sample of 120 listed companies of National Stock Exchange of India was chosen and they were stratified in to public and private sector companies. A Corporate social reporting Index was constructed for data collection through content analysis from the annual reports. The results of the study revealed that social accounting information were disclosed in company’s annual reports, chairman’s speech, directors’ reports, notes to accounts, schedule to accounts and auditor’s report. The degree of corporate social reporting varies between public sector and private sector companies. The public sector companies have disclosed more corporate social reporting information than the private sector companies. The study found that higher the level of capital employed, earnings before depreciation and taxes, total assets and total sales higher was the level of corporate social reporting. However, the degree of influence of determinants on corporate social reporting was different among public and private sector companies. Most of the companies have disclosed corporate social information on voluntary basis. To improve the understandably, uniformity, and comparability of corporate social information, this study suggests making it mandatory. A standard format for disclosure of corporate social information shall be prescribed by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs by amending the Indian Companies Act. The concept of social accounting is relatively new in India. This study suggests to include it in the commerce curriculum and also in the curriculum of CA/CWA/CS. Corporate Social Reporting is such a vast area of research that no single study can cover different dimensions related to it. Though some studies including the present study have been conducted on Corporate Social Reporting Practices in India, but still there is much potential of research in this area. Future research in this area will hopefully bring more brightening result measuring and analysing social costs and benefits data by manager as well as by other concerned. Since the subject is in the primary stage, an in-depth research is needed to be done in different sectors such as banking information technology, manufacturing etc. The results are specifically applicable to sample companies and generalisations can be made with caution. The results of the study are based on the data collected from published annual reports of sample companies using content analysis method. Corporate social reporting in company websites, brochures etc are not covered. Social cost and benefit analysis is not covered in this study.

scholarly journals Human Capital and Eco-Contractual Governance in Small Farms in Poland: Simultaneous Confirmatory Factor Analysis with Ordinal Variables

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Bazyli Czyżewski ◽  
Agnieszka Sapa ◽  
Piotr Kułyk
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Ordinal Variables ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Contractual Governance

Human capital (HC) plays an important role in modern agriculture. The difference in efficiency of assets explains only about a half of the economic performance of agricultural farms, while the other half relies on HC. Although education and training are the main components of HC, it may also be viewed from the perspective of behavioral theories that were taken under consideration in this study. The role of HC in sustainable farming has not been sufficiently explained when it comes to contractual governance (CG). In this study, the meaning of contractual governance was extended and the eco-contractual governance (ECG) concept was proposed, which stands for CG induced by agri-environmental contracts. The main objective of the article is to confirm the latent concepts of HC and ECG and to verify their correlation in view of the standards imposed by the agricultural policy. To achieve this goal, a structural equation model was developed and simultaneous confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal variables was carried out based on the sample of 674 small farms in Poland. The analysis has confirmed a relatively strong correlation between HC and ECG. It was revealed that training plays a crucial role in this relationship, while economic dependence on agricultural policy weakens the effectiveness of both HC and ECG.

scholarly journals Internal Corporate Responsibility as a Legitimacy Strategy for Branding and Employee Retention: A Perspective of Higher Education Institutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Amir Ikram ◽  
Muhammad Fiaz ◽  
Asif Mahmood ◽  
Ayyaz Ahmad ◽  
Rafiya Ashfaq
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Employee Retention ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Organizational System ◽  
Internal Branding ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The City

Branding activities provide space to create internal culture, processes and a kind of organizational system which allows employees to use their abilities to their maximum. Internal corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities of an organization increase employee commitment, which ultimately enhances employee retention. There is a need to explore internal branding in relation to internal CSR for the sake of managing employee retention. Therefore, the study empirically examines the underlying associations among internal branding, employee retention and internal CSR. The data are collected from higher education institutions operating in the city of Lahore, Pakistan. The sample size was 377 faculties belonging to both private and public sector higher education institutions. The analysis is based on variance-based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that the internal branding practices have a significant impact on employee’s intention to stay within the organization, and intrasample analysis suggests few comprehensible variations with respect to private and public academic institutions. The research article also provides insights to faculty, academic entrepreneurs and marketers, especially those belonging to developing countries and facing issues of branding and employee retention.

Measuring Complexity: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-391
Author(s):  
John C. Reed ◽  
George E. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Organizational Change ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

This study examines complexity as a measure of support for organizational redirection. This study considers whether 16 items (culture, mission, values, decentralization, policies and procedures, administrative reporting practices, weapons, contract, pay, benefits, patrol boundaries, equalization of workload, size of boundaries, communications, 10-codes, and car numbers) appropriately characterized a suppressed measure of complexity related to complex organizational change, a police department merger. The current study utilizes data collected from 390 sworn officers from two merged law enforcement agencies in Kentucky. The results of the structural equation model analysis supported the view that four factors (mission, logistics, benefits, and policy) fashion an underlying construct for measuring complexity related to organizational change/redirection. The implications of these findings are also considered.

Understanding the differences of public and private self-service technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel E. Collier ◽  
Daniel L. Sherrell ◽  
Emin Babakus ◽  
Alisha Blakeney Horky
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Self Service ◽  
Self Service Technology ◽  
Individual Self ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential differences between types of self-service technology. Specifically, the paper explores how the dynamics of public and private self-service technology influence customers' decision to use the technology. Design/methodology/approach – Existing customers of private and public self-service technology were surveyed from the same industry. Using structural equation modeling, the authors examine how relevant self-service constructs influence evaluations and attitudes of customers across both settings. Findings – The analysis reveals that customers' control and convenience perceptions differ across public and private self-service technology. Additionally, customers placed a heavier emphasis on the hedonic or utilitarian evaluation of a service experience based on the type of self-service technology. Practical implications – For managers of self-service applications, understanding the unique differences of public and private self-service technology can aid in the implementation and adoption of the technology. By properly understanding the differences of the self-service types, managers can provide a beneficial experience to the customer. Originality/value – By identifying and describing two distinct categories of SSTs, this study allows managers and researchers to better understand how and why individuals choose to utilize individual self-service technologies. Through understanding the unique dynamics of a public and a private SST experience, retailers can determine the appropriate strategy for customer adoption based on the utilitarian or hedonic functions of the technology.

Information Disclosure, Social Responsibility, Trust, and Attitude Affect Loyalty to Housing Agents

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Chang Lee ◽  
Yun-Ling Wu ◽  
Wen-Hsin Huang ◽  
Yu-Chen Lee ◽  
Pei-Ru Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Structural Relationships ◽  
Indirect Impact ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact

We applied a linear structural equation model to explore the impact of information disclosure, social responsibility, trust, and attitude on consumers' loyalty to housing agents. Participants were 466 consumers and potential consumers of housing agency industry services, who completed a survey assessing the variables of interest. Results showed that information disclosure had a direct and significant impact on trust, and an indirect impact on trust through the mediator of corporate social responsibility (CSR), and that trust had an indirect and significant impact on loyalty through the mediator of attitude. The structural relationships among information disclosure, CSR, trust, and attitude should be acknowledged when discussing consumers' loyalty to housing agents.

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