scholarly journals The Evolutionary Use of Curved Wood in Korean Traditional Architecture

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6557
Author(s):  
Ryoo ◽  
Youn
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Curved Beams ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Symbolic Expression ◽  
Social Crisis ◽  
Joseon Dynasty ◽  
Korean Architecture ◽  
Expanded Concept

Various types of curved wooden have always been used in traditional Korean architecture. One component is a curvaceous column with varying thicknesses, and the others are curved beams or girders that are needed to support the roof and present diverse curvature. By examining the historical alteration of the parts and shapes of these curved members, it is possible to identify the sustainable aspects of Korean traditional architecture and infer the influence of the historical background on forming the sustainability of the architecture. To be specific, while the Goryeo Dynasty (10–14 C) showed an aesthetic summit of temple architecture in terms of extravagant curved wooden members precisely calculated and designed under the influence of Buddhism and aristocracy, the early Joseon Dynasty (15–16 C) presented restrained curve forms of wooden members with fewer materials and a faster process due to Neo-Confucianism, which emphasized austerity. After tremendous social crisis and two wars, the mid-Joseon Dynasty (17–18 C) showed creative indigenous houses with naturally curved timbers, minimizing the manufacturing process and maximizing the pragmatic functionality of the space under the influence of the wars and Silhak (the Realist School of Confucianism). In addition, the late Joseon Dynasty (19–20 C) presented office buildings with strengthened dynamic shapes of the naturally curved timbers as symbolic expression, which is an expanded concept beyond the functionality. In Korean traditional architecture, curved wood members have been used without interruption—although in varying degrees depending on social and economic situations—and have continued to be one of the characteristics of Korean architecture.

Representing Korean architecture in the modern West: two Korean Pavilions from 1960s international expositions

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-170
Author(s):  
Hyon-Sob Kim
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
High Tech ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Inflection Points ◽  
New York World's Fair ◽  
International Expositions ◽  
Design Competition ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Korean Architecture

The Korean Pavilions for the 1964 New York World's Fair and the 1967 Montreal International Exposition were designed by Chung-Up Kim (1922-88) and Swoo-Geun Kim (1931-86) respectively, two pioneers of modern architecture in Korea. Both pavilions’ designs raise a widespread architectural question about the modern representation of tradition. In contrast to earlier pavilions in Chicago (1893) and Paris (1900) that replicated poorly supposedly ‘authentic’ Korean architecture, these 1960s entries modernised traditional architecture from their architect's creative viewpoint. While Chung-Up Kim noted the formal qualities of the Korean sloped roof, especially its curvilinearity, Swoo-Geun Kim emphasised the traditional timber structure underneath the roof, exaggerating its horizontal layers. In other words, the former's pavilion was more expressive and sculptural, which reflected the architect's Corbusian and even Aaltoesque tendencies. Conversely, the latter pavilion was more logical and systematic. However, Swoo-Geun Kim's interpretation of tradition was also ultimately about the form, though he soon became more interested in space. With regard to the form, the two Kims shared the fundamental idea that the past must not be imitated as it was, but re-created in a modern sense. This underlying argument is reflected in the contemporary ‘debate on tradition’ ignited by the design competition for the National Museum of Korea in 1966. It also relates to to the ‘Japanese-Style Scandal’ of 1967 in which Swoo-Geun Kim suffered for his design of the Buyeo National Museum, 1965-68, due to the inclusion of Japanese nuances in the design of the Montreal Pavilion. Swoo-Geun Kim's later high-tech style pavilion for the 1970 Osaka Expo, alongside recent projects by Minsuk Cho in Yeosu (2010) and Venice (2014) has more recently suggested alternative ways to represent Korea in architecture. Therefore, these two pavilions from the 1960s can be understood as unique inflection points in Korean architectural history.

scholarly journals Chinatown Warisan Budaya China Sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata di Singapura

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Leonita Alfiyani
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post War ◽  
Electric Train

Chinatown is one of the ethnic villages that have existed since the British colonial period. Chinatown has a long historical background, declining quality in the post-war world, into a slum environment until it is conserved by the government and a tourism asset of Singapore. Chinatown is a traditional Chinese nuanced area, with homes and traditional culture still preserved. The building in Chinatown traditional architecture is still maintained. In 1843 Chinatown became famous and visited by many tourists with local uniquess it has. This causes the density and flow of people coming and going increasingly. So in 1885 Chinatown was facilitated by public transportation is steam train, electric train and trolley bus in 1929.

scholarly journals Chinatown Warisan Budaya China Sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata di Singapura

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Leonita Alfiyani
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post War ◽  
Electric Train

Chinatown is one of the ethnic villages that have existed since the British colonial period. Chinatown has a long historical background, declining quality in the post-war world, into a slum environment until it is conserved by the government and a tourism asset of Singapore. Chinatown is a traditional Chinese nuanced area, with homes and traditional culture still preserved. The building in Chinatown traditional architecture is still maintained. In 1843 Chinatown became famous and visited by many tourists with local uniquess it has. This causes the density and flow of people coming and going increasingly. So in 1885 Chinatown was facilitated by public transportation is steam train, electric train and trolley bus in 1929.

The Research of Historical Background that Architectural History Lacks in

2014 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 257-260
Author(s):  
Gui Jie Song ◽  
Xing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Architectural History ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
State Institute ◽  
History Of ◽  
City Plan ◽  
Role Of Men

Architectural history of China is all about the forms of mute objects and urban plans as well as architectural technology and spatial art. The role of men in the process of construction is neglected. The detail of the men working on the project should be made visible in the history. Only in this way, we can understand a whole architecture or a city plan [1]. The story of how to start a project and how to manage a project is a very important part of architectural history because a building or a city should not be allowed to construct without a reasonable demand and should not be constructed without management specially a large scale of project. Accordingly, management and historical background should be reflected in the history of a building or a city plan, rather than leaving them as anonymous elements behind the history. In this paper, some examples are taken to exemplify why the role of men is neglected from the state institute to the craftsmen themselves and the importance of the role in a construction. How to manage or determine a project is also studied to exemplify part of the reason why traditional architecture in China develops in this way [2].

scholarly journals VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE AND TRADITIONAL URBANISM IN THE WORLD HERITAGE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE PROPERTY OF PICO, IN AZORES (PORTUGAL)

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-M-1-2020 ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
R. Florentino ◽  
M. Correia ◽  
G. Sousa ◽  
G. Carlos
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
The North ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
The World

Abstract. The World Heritage Committee lists every year, several cultural sites as World Heritage properties. Some of these properties balance the notion of a landscape that bears combined works between nature and men, on which vernacular architecture is part of a local tradition of interaction with nature. The 3dPast research project is a European project, coordinated by Escola Superior Gallaecia and co-funded by the European Union, under the Creative Europe programme. The project studies and values vernacular knowledge of these unique places. In Portugal, the Pico landscape was listed as a World Heritage property due to the 500 years of history of local inhabitants adapting farming practices to produce wine, in a challenge environment and in a remote place in the middle of the Atlantic. This article aims to study, the history and the development of the island's architecture and urbanism, based on an ancestral way of life that is still alive nowadays. The scarcity of natural resources and the difficulties to travel between villages and islands emphasised the effects of insularity. However, the continuity of local culture, passed down through generations, created a strong identity, which is source of pride. The cultural landscape classified area includes about 987 hectares, from the parish of Criação Velha, on the south coast, to Santa Luzia, on the north side, covering part of two municipalities of Pico. The article first presents a brief historical background of the island. Following, it focuses on the evolution of human occupation, through the reading of population indicators and traditional architecture and urbanism, recognizing the unique cultural and landscape values within the property. Finally, it discusses the current regulatory framework on territorial planning, and the architectural and urban regulations in planning framework, with particular emphasis on processes and practices at different scales.

Identifying groups of airborne particles by ordination

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 856-857
Author(s):  
M. Shlepr ◽  
C. M. Vicroy
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Spatial Representation ◽  
Airborne Particles ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Microelectronics Industry ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Source Materials

The microelectronics industry is heavily tasked with minimizing contaminates at all steps of the manufacturing process. Particles are generated by physical and/or chemical fragmentation from a mothersource. The tools and macrovolumes of chemicals used for processing, the environment surrounding the process, and the circuits themselves are all potential particle sources. A first step in eliminating these contaminants is to identify their source. Elemental analysis of the particles often proves useful toward this goal, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) is a commonly used technique. However, the large variety of source materials and process induced changes in the particles often make it difficult to discern if the particles are from a common source.Ordination is commonly used in ecology to understand community relationships. This technique usespair-wise measures of similarity. Separation of the data set is based on discrimination functions. Theend product is a spatial representation of the data with the distance between points equaling the degree of dissimilarity.

Business and Social Crisis in Africa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoinette Handley
Keyword(s):  
Social Crisis
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