scholarly journals Social Acceptability of More Sustainable Alternatives in Clothing Consumption

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6194
Author(s):  
Silke Kleinhückelkotten ◽  
H.-Peter Neitzke
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Social Acceptability ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
High Importance ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
Problem Awareness

The rapidly growing demand for clothing in connection with the resource requirements and the emissions along the textile chain as well as the prevailing working conditions in the textile industry cause serious environmental and social problems. The question is asked, whether changes in consumption towards more sustainably produced clothing and, finally, a reduction of clothing consumption are achievable against the background of the existing consumption-related patterns of attitudes and behaviors. A representative survey was conducted in Germany (N = 2000) to tackle the consumer-related aspects of this question. The characteristics of consumption-related attitudes in the different population segments were determined. Factors were identified that affect the buying and use of clothes as well as the efficiency, consistency, and sufficiency supporting consumption alternatives. The results show that some preconditions for a broader diffusion of more sustainable alternatives in clothing consumption are given in Germany, such as a widespread general sustainability and problem awareness. In some population segments, social norms supporting more efficiency and consistency in the clothing sector are effective, and social and ecological buying criteria have a relatively high importance. However, there are also strong attitudinal obstacles, particularly regarding the restriction of clothing consumption.

scholarly journals Geographic job mobility and parenthood decisions

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-195
Author(s):  
Gerardo Meil
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Job Mobility ◽  
Family Development ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Fertility Decisions ◽  
Private Lives ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Specific Working

The aim of this paper is to analyse, differentiated by gender, the effects that high geographical job mobility has on parenthood decisions. In particular, in a first part we will examine whether job mobility fosters childlessness and/or postponement of childbearing and if mobility implies a lower family size. In a second part we will analyse how the specific working conditions of mobile people and their resources for balancing working and private lives affect childlessness and postponement of parenthood. The analysis will be based on a representative survey of people aged 25 to 54, performed in six European countries (Germany, France, Spain, Poland, Switzerland and Belgium) in 2007, oversampling mobile people in order to get enough cases to analyse. Results show that the impact of high job mobility on the timing and quantum of parenthood is important, both for men and women, but stronger for the latter. Besides gender, the strength of the impact depends on the duration of job mobility and when it takes place in the lifecycle. Resources for promoting a better balance of working and private lives such as flexitime and teleworking have no clear impact on parenthood decisions, but having a supportive employer facilitates family development of mobile employees. A greater involvement of men in unpaid work does not seem to facilitate fertility decisions of mobile women. Zusammenfassung In diesem Beitrag wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit hohe berufsbedingte räumliche Mobilität negative Folgen auf die Familienentwicklung hat. Im ersten Teil des Aufsatzes wird getrennt nach Geschlecht analysiert, ob Mobilität Kinderlosigkeit fördert, eine Verschiebung des Geburtenkalenders verursacht und ob sie eine Reduktion der Familiengröße zur Folge hat. Darüber hinaus wird in dem zweiten Teil analysiert, welchen Einfluss bestimmte Arbeitsbedingungen sowie die Ressourcen, die Familien zur Verfügung stehen, um Familie und Beruf zu vereinbaren, auf die Entscheidungen bezüglich Elternschaft ausüben. Die Analyse stützt sich auf eine repräsentative Umfrage in sechs europäischen Ländern (Deutschland, Frankreich, Spanien, Polen, Schweiz und Belgien) mit Personen im Alter zwischen 25 und 54 Jahren. Die Daten wurden in 2007 erhoben. Mobile Erwerbstätige wurden überproportional erhoben, um eine ausreichende Fallzahl zu gewährleisten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Auswirkung der Mobilität auf die Familienentwicklung von Bedeutung ist, wobei sich Mobilität von Frauen stärker auswirkt. Darüber hinaus ist von Bedeutung, wann im Lebenslauf Mobilität und Elternschaft stattfinden und wie lange die Phase der mobilen Arbeit andauert. Flexible Arbeitszeiten oder die Möglichkeit, einen Teil der Arbeit zu Hause zu leisten, haben keinen eindeutigen Einfluss auf die Entscheidungen zur Elternschaft von mobilen Erwerbstätigen, wohl aber die Unterstützung durch den Arbeitgeber. Unterstützung seitens des Partners scheint die Entscheidung mobiler Frauen für Kinder nicht zu fördern.

Migrant Workers

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Wolff ◽  
Karen Dodge
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Social Work Programs

This entry discusses migrant workers in the United States and the unique circumstances and conditions they face. Included in the discussion are social problems faced by migrants with respect to health, housing, working conditions, child labor, and education. Policy issues are addressed, including relevant national, international, and corporate laws. Migrant patterns, demographics, and definitions are presented. Finally, social work programs, responses, and interventions are identified.

Lending a Hand to Labor: James Myers and the Federal Council of Churches, 1926–1947

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Fones-Wolf ◽  
Ken Fones-Wolf
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Textile Workers ◽  
Industrial Conflict ◽  
Christian Century ◽  
Federal Council Of Churches ◽  
Low Wages

On 31 September 1929, James Myers, the industrial secretary of the Federal Council of Churches (FCC), arrived in Marion, North Carolina, to investigate the causes for the continuing industrial unrest that had swept across the southern textile industry since the spring. Shortly after Myers's arrival, as the textile workers attempted to picket the plant, sheriff's deputies fired into the crowd, killing six strikers and wounding twenty-five others. Myers's eulogy for the slain workers admonished the mill owners for the harsh working conditions and low wages, but mostly for their opposition to their workers' right to organize. He also scolded clergymen who argued that industrial conflict was “not the Church's business.” Over the ensuing months, Myers set an example of Christian involvement in labor unrest. He investigated the strike's impact on the community, he met with the governor, and he offered to help mediate the conflict. Dismayed by the suffering that he had uncovered, Myers also organized a relief campaign among church people on behalf of the families of the striking workers. Reflecting on Myers's efforts, the Christian Century declared that Myers stood “almost alone as representative of any active concern in the churches” in the midst of “appalling industrial warfare.” Otherwise, “the forces of organized religion would have to confess to an amazing indifference when confronted by the most acute industrial conflict of the year.”

scholarly journals Strategies for attracting and retaining educators: What does the evidence say?

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Podolsky ◽  
Tara Kini ◽  
Linda Darling-Hammond ◽  
Joseph Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Management ◽  
Professional Support ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Recruitment And Retention ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Teacher Workforce

A highly competent teacher workforce is a necessary foundation for improving children’s educational outcomes, especially for those who rely most on schools for their success. Yet in the United States, shortages in the teaching force have been growing across the country, reaching crisis proportions in some teaching fields— such as mathematics, science, and special education—and in locations where wages and working conditions are least attractive. We analyzed recent research and representative survey data to identify the drivers of teacher recruitment and retention. We also reviewed the policy literature to identify district, state, and federal policy strategies that have been effective at addressing the factors influencing teachers’ professional decisions. These policies include increasing their compensation and improving their preparation, professional support, and working conditions, as well as improving district and school management practices that otherwise create obstacles to recruitment and retention. 

scholarly journals HUMOR AND VIOLATION OF SOCIAL NORMS IN STUDENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-180
Author(s):  
T.V. Artemyeva ◽  
Ya.G. Garanina
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Humor Styles ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Aggressive Humor ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Relationship

In researches of Russian and foreign scientists it is noted that humor as a cultural phenomenon is capable to symbolically break social norms without consequences and restrictions, to raise and discuss a wide spectrum of social problems without fear of punishment for it. By regulating the relationship between people, humor helps to relieve tension and enjoy the game, operating with opposite meanings, breaking stereotypes. The study attempted to explore the relationship between different styles of humor and the tendency of students to break social norms and rules. The study was attended by 309 students: 249 girls, 60 boys. Differences in the use of different humor styles by students as well as their propensity to deviate were identified. Affiliated and self-sustaining humor is used by students who do not show any desire to deny social norms and values, patterns of behavior. The desire to violate norms, to come into conflict with generally accepted norms of behavior arises among students who prefer aggressive humor. Girls with a tendency to ignore and violate norms and rules have a tendency to use self-deprecating humor and to seek other people's favour to the detriment of themselves.

scholarly journals Models of Physician’s Behavior in the Situation of Assignment Paid Procedures

Inter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-62
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Complex Combination ◽  
Therapeutic Services ◽  
Depth Interviews

The Russian healthcare system provides a set of free and paid diagnostic and therapeutic services. Although, when prescribing additional paid services, a specific doctor is provided with the situation of choice. The doctor is faced with a set of ethical and professional motivators, one of which is paid services as a source of additional medical income. What do doctors do in this situation, what strategies do they choose and what motivates their decision? Conducted and analyzed in-depth interviews (18 interviews, Tver, 2018) with doctors of different specialties revealed several patterns of doctor’s behavior when prescribing paid services. The data analyzed in the tactics of grounded theory allowed the author to build several models of doctor’s behavior, where such choices are associated with certain system of professional and personal values. The described models are conventionally named by author: “Making money”, “Polypragmasia”, “Collegiality”, “Man-System”, “One and a half rates”, “Out of the system”, “Avoidance”.The constructed models of behavior of doctors show that the appointment of additional optional procedures is associated not only with the doctor's desire to earn money, but also can be explained by a more complex combination of reasons, working conditions, formal and informal social norms, as well as the basic values of the doctors themselves.

Quality of Work Life in the Knitwear Sector of the Canadian Textile Industry

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Wilcock ◽  
Marina Wright
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Corporate Responsibility ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Quality Of Work Life ◽  
Quality Of Work ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Privately Owned ◽  
Work And Life

The quality of work life activities which exist in a sample of knitwear companies in Southwestern Ontario were described. Three levels of activity were identified: (1) active companies were largely non-unionized, with high annual sales, high levels of technology and an articulated corporate responsibility toward employees; (2) midrange companies were privately owned, unionized, with a medium level of technology; and (3) inactive companies were young, privately-owned companies with low technology levels and were attempting to establish corporate stability. Employees of midrange companies were more satisfied with “working conditions”, “social integration”, “constitutionalism” and “work and life components than were employees of the active companies. The discrepancy theory of satisfaction was used to explain this result.

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