scholarly journals City Branding and Industrial Transformation from Manufacturing to Services: Which Pathways do Cities in Central China Follow?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 5992
Author(s):  
Meiling Han ◽  
Martin de Jong ◽  
Minghui Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Central China ◽  
Ecological Modernization ◽  
Environmental Harm ◽  
City Branding ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Tertiary Sector ◽  
Municipal Governments ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Ecological Preservation

A potentially attractive way for cities to maintain economic growth while reducing environmental harm is to let their production structures undergo industrial transformation, a process otherwise known as ecological modernization. This attraction lies mainly in the fact that residents, visitors and corporations prefer clean air, water and soil as a milieu to invest their resources in. Municipal governments can use city branding as an important instrument to force off such a transformation, if it is taken as a point of departure for the adoption of a strategy to which they are deeply committed and for the benefit of which they are willing to deploy their various policy instruments. In the literature on ecological modernization, five different pathways for industrial transformation in cities have been identified and these have been matched with city branding practices. In this contribution, the abovementioned conceptual framework is further detailed and specified to account for a variety in types of secondary and tertiary sector industries. In the empirical sections, all cities in the Chinese provinces Hubei and Hunan, where the transition from manufacturing to services is typically most pressing, are examined in terms of their industrial structures, pathways to industrial transformation and city branding choices. The results indicate, inter alia, that further subdivision of the secondary and tertiary economic sectors is useful in understanding key features of the transformation, and that different sub-pathways affect tradeoffs between economic expansion and ecological preservation differently. Branding practices among Hubei and Hunan cities also indicate that some industries are more easily embraced and utilized than others in establishing brand identities and adopting popular city labels.

COVID-19: A comparative study of SARS, MERS and COVID-19

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Mohan ◽  
Vinod Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Central China ◽  
World Health ◽  
Unknown Aetiology ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Past Life ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Disease Spreading ◽  
Health Organization

: World Health Organization (WHO) office in China received the information of pneumonia cases of unknown aetiology from Wuhan, central China on 31st December 2019, subsequently this disease spreading in china and rest of world. Till the March 2020 end, more than 2 lakhs confirmed cases with more than 70000 deaths were reported worldwide, very soon researchers identified it as novel beta Corona virus (virus SARS-CoV-2) and its infection coined as COVID-19. Health ministries of various countries and WHO together fighting to this health emergency, which not only affects public health, but also started affecting various economic sectors as well. The main aim of the current article is to explore the various pandemic situations (SARS, MERS) in past, life cycle of COVID-19, diagnosis procedures, prevention and comparative analysis of COVID-19 with other epidemic situations.

scholarly journals Markets in Municipal Code: The Case of Michigan Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4263
Author(s):  
Amanda Maria Edmonds ◽  
Gerrit J. Carsjens
Keyword(s):  
Food System ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Farmers Markets ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Municipal Governments ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Food Needs

Food’s place on the urban, municipal agenda has become an increasing focus in the emergent fields of food policy and food planning, whose leaders argue that food needs to be more explicitly added to the urban agenda. Yet, public food markets are a food system activity that municipal governments have been long engaged in. Reports from leading health, planning, and food organizations assert that farmers markets—the dominant form of public retail food markets in the US today—should be explicitly included in zoning and other municipal codes to ensure that they can be created and sustained. Despite their popularity as a local sustainable food system and healthy food access strategy, it is unclear whether markets have been codified through municipalities’ planning and policy instruments, and research has largely not addressed this topic. This study aims to elicit whether markets have been codified into law, focusing on US municipal charters, codes and zoning ordinances, using Michigan, an upper Midwest state, as a case. After analyzing municipal documents to determine whether and where markets have been codified into law in ninety Michigan cities, this study concludes that markets are highly underrepresented in municipal policy, rarely defined in code, and mostly absent from zoning ordinances, even among those cities with currently operating markets. Market presence in code is, however, associated with the presence of historically operated markets. These findings raise questions about why markets are missing from codified food policy and what risks this poses to the future of markets. They also highlight the need to better document the market sector and underline the importance of including historic perspectives when examining the efficacy of current food policy efforts.

scholarly journals City Branding in China’s Northeastern Region: How Do Cities Reposition Themselves When Facing Industrial Decline and Ecological Modernization?

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiling Han ◽  
Martin de Jong ◽  
Zhuqing Cui ◽  
Limin Xu ◽  
Haiyan Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Modernization ◽  
City Branding ◽  
Northeastern Region ◽  
Industrial Decline

Geography of Industrialization

Geography ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Hayter ◽  
Jerry Patchell
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth

Industrialization broadly refers to the transformation of agrarian-rural societies to industrial-urban societies that are dominated by manufacturing and services. The beginning of this transformation, conventionally referred to as the industrial revolution, is typically traced to the late 18th century in England. Although the term has broader usage, “industry” is often equated with manufacturing, and industrialization specifically with the growth of manufacturing within the so-called factory system that began to proliferate at this time. The new factories featured mechanical power and the employment of specialized, waged labor to operate machines to supply large volumes of standardized goods to markets mediated by the price mechanism. In the UK, and subsequently in many other countries, the onset of industrialization featured the textile, iron and steel, machine tool, and coal industries. More generally, industrialization is seen as part of the Great Transformation that features the rise of market-based forms of exchange and rapid economic growth based on deepening divisions of labor and economic interdependencies across economic sectors. Indeed, industrialization has involved co-evolutionary changes in agriculture, energy, transportation, and service sectors, as well as in manufacturing. Globally, industrialization has been led and dominated by the capitalist or market economies of western Europe, their New World offshoots, and Japan. The Soviet Union, eastern Europe, and China emphasized industrialization within the framework of centrally planned economies during the mid-20th century; but they have since accepted market forces as the principal means of organizing the production and exchange of goods and services. Similarly, the recent rapid economic growth of newly industrializing economies (NIEs), especially in Asia, and the transitional economies of eastern Europe, has been led by the development of internationally competitive manufacturing sectors. Market-led industrialization is remarkably dynamic and both creative and destructive. While generating vast wealth and facilitating massive increases in human population, industrialization features structural crises and has imposed formidable problems of inequality, poverty, social cohesion, and environmental degradation. Indeed, on a global scale industrialized and rich (i.e., powerful) nations became synonymous with each other (along with poor, non-industrial nations). This connection between industrialization, broadly conceived, and economic growth is modified but not disrupted by the idea of post-industrial societies that are dominated by service sector jobs. Thus, these jobs are themselves highly specialized and many linked to goods-producing activities within increasingly globalized value chains. For 250 years industrialization has exerted massive impacts on society and economy that are now often discussed in the context of globalization. Moreover, the challenges of industrial transformation are incessant: leading countries and regions constantly search for new forms of growth, while laggards seek to transform agrarian-rural societies to an urban-industrial base and “catch-up” with the leaders. The generation of wealth needs to address issues of its distribution; and the imperatives of growth and efficiency cannot be divorced from social and environmental concerns. Over time and space these challenges are connected and different.

The impact of alternative policies on livestock farmers' willingness to recycle manure: evidence from central China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Li ◽  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Xiaoyang Wang ◽  
Yubin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Central China ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Livestock Farmers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Better Than

PurposeThis article examines the impact of different policy instruments on livestock farmers' willingness to recycle manure. The results shed light on the optimal policy combination.Design/methodology/approachA game theoretical framework is constructed to illustrate farmers' optimal strategies under different policies. Theoretical results are empirically tested by survey data from beef cattle farmers in Central China.FindingsEmpirical results show that penalties work better than subsidies if each type of policy is implemented separately. The authors also find a positive interaction between subsidy and penalty policies, suggesting that a combination of subsidy and penalty policies produces the best outcome in incentivizing livestock farmers to recycle manure. Furthermore, planting and breeding simultaneously have the strongest effect on increasing livestock farmers' willingness to recycle manure, suggesting that the combination of planting and breeding can be an optimal strategy for manure management.Originality/valueThis study is based on firsthand survey data and provides new evidence on the effectiveness of alternative environmental policies on manure recycling.

TRANSFORMACIÓN Y DESIGUALDAD ECONÓMICA EN LA INDUSTRIALIZACIÓN EN EL ÁREA DE BARCELONA, 1715-1860

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Brea-Martínez ◽  
Joana-Maria Pujadas-Mora
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Tertiary Sector ◽  
Primary Sector ◽  
Secondary Sector ◽  
Market Transformation

AbstractLabour market transformation and inequality were fundamental aspects in the transition to the industrialisation. This article reconstructs the Barcelona’s area economic structure across the 18thand 19thcenturies through the Marriage Licences of the Barcelona’s Cathedral. These documents registered a proportional tax paid by the spouses’ according to their occupational and social status. Since 1780, an important decrease in the primary sector and an increase in the secondary and tertiary sectors are observed. Inequality between economic sectors rose and also within the secondary sector (textile) due to the proletarianization of the workers. Conversely, there was not an increase in inequality in the primary sector while it decreased in the tertiary sector.

The Future of EMAS – 10 years European Environmental Management and Audit Scheme

elni Review ◽  
2005 ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Thomas Kiel
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Iso 14001 ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Eu

The Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) is the European Union (EU) voluntary scheme for organisations willing to commit themselves to evaluate, improve and report on their environmental performances. The scheme was launched in April 1995 and was originally restricted to companies of industrial sectors. EMAS II revision has opened the instrument since 2001 to all economic sectors including public and private services. In addition, EMAS was strengthened by the integration of parts of EN ISO 14001 standard as environmental management system requirement; by adopting an attractive logo to signal EMAS registration to the public; and by considering more strongly indirect environmental aspects such as those related to external traffic, financial services or administrative and planning decisions. Participating in EMAS is voluntary and extends to public or private organisations operating in the EU and the European Economic Area (EEA) – Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. In all new member states the EMAS Regulation came into force with the association to the EU in May 2004. On 15 November 2004 a revised version of ISO environmental management standard 14001 was published. The author takes this for opportunity to think about the future developments of EMAS. After ten years practice of a new and proactive instrument in voluntary environmental management a turning point is reached. The commission has to decide whether to give EMAS a permanent place within the canon of environmental policy instruments and to strengthen its use by different means or to restrain from EU management requirements and leave further decisions on development of environmental management tools to the private market.

scholarly journals Kebijakan Desentralisasi Fiskal, Pergeseran Sektoral, dan Ketimpangan Antarkabupaten/Kota di Sulawesi Tengah

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-167
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amir Arham
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Tertiary Sector ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Sectoral Shifts ◽  
Growth And Change ◽  
Central Sulawesi

AbstractFiscal decentralization can create eficiency and effectiveness to promote growth and change in economic structures as well as to reduce inequalities amongst regions. This study intends to find out whether the fiscal decentralization policies during 2001-2010 contribute to the shift of economic sectors and inequality rates amongst districts/municipalities in the Province of Central Sulawesi. By using econometrics of panel data, the study found that fiscal decentralization supports a shift in the economic sector where the role of primary sector gradually decreased and the secondary and tertiary sector tend to be increased since the implementation of regional autonomy. As a result, the fiscal decentralization creates an economic change in Central Sulawesi, while at the same time, can inevitably generates higher economic inequality amongst regencies/municipalities in the region.Keywords: Fiscal Decentralization, Sectoral Shifts, Inequality AbstrakDesentralisasi skal dapat menciptakan esiensi dan efektivitas untuk mendorong pertumbuhan dan perubahan struktur ekonomi, serta mengurangi ketimpangan antardaerah. Studi ini ingin mengetahui pengaruh kebijakan desentralisasi fiskal terhadap pergeseran sektor dan ketimpangan antarkabupaten/kota di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Dengan menggunakan metode ekonometrika melalui persamaan data panel pada periode tahun 2001-2010, studi ini menemukan bahwa kebijakan desentralisasi fiskal dapat mendorong pergeseran sektor, di mana peranan sektor primer kecenderungannya makin menurun, sehingga berakibat pada peningkatan peranan sektor sekunder dan tersier selama pelaksanaan otonomi daerah, dengan demikian kebijakan desentralisasi fiskal dapat menciptakan perubahan struktur ekonomi di Sulawesi Tengah. Kebijakan desentralisasi fiskal mendorong terjadinya peningkatan ketimpangan antara kabupaten/kota di Sulawesi Tengah selama periode studi.Kata kunci: Desentralisasi Fiskal, Pergeseran Sektoral, Ketimpangan

scholarly journals What Can Be Learned From Crisis-Era Protectionism? An Initial Assessment

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon J. Evenett
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Comprehensive Database ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

Drawing upon a comprehensive database of contemporary protectionism, this paper offers an initial assessment of the extent to which our understanding of protectionism may have to evolve. While some long-standing features of protectionism appear to have endured (such as the distribution of discriminatory measures across economic sectors), specific corporate needs arising from the global financial crisis and particular national attributes are more likely to have influenced the choice of beggar-thy-neighbor policy instruments than binding trade rules and other international accords.

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