scholarly journals Do Government R&D Subsidies Cultivate Enterprises’ Voluntary National/Industry Standard-Setting for Sustainable Development?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5482
Author(s):  
Xun Zhang ◽  
Meng Shi ◽  
Biao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Standard Setting ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Research Framework ◽  
Government Subsidies ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
National Industry ◽  
Leading Enterprises

This study investigates the effects of government subsidies for R&D on resource and environmental enterprises’ voluntary national/industry standard- (N/IS-) setting, which is critical to sustainable development. Based on innovation motivation and capability theory, we propose a research framework and hypothesis, using a panel dataset on 11,556 Chinese resource and environmental enterprises from 2011 to 2013 to test our hypotheses. We find that government subsidies for R&D have a U-shaped relationship with N/IS-setting for sustainable development. Moreover, we also find that state ownership, position in industry, and patent properties are contingency factors suggesting that non-state-owned enterprises, industry-following enterprises, or enterprises with more patents come up with N/IS-settings of significantly greater value than state-owned enterprises, leading enterprises, or enterprises with fewer patents. Endogeneity issues are addressed by utilizing two-stage estimations with instrumental variables (IVs).

scholarly journals Measuring Energy Performance for Regional Sustainable Development in China: A New Framework based on a Dynamic Two-Stage SBM Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Hsiung Chiu ◽  
Tzu-Yu Lin ◽  
Hai-Lan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Portfolio Performance ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Regional Sustainable Development ◽  
Carry Over

Sustainable development has always been an important issue for all policy makers, even more so now, as global warming has seriously threatened the whole world. To understand the efficacy of regional sustainable policies, we proposed a dynamic, two-stage, slacks-based measure (SBM) model with carry-over and intermediate variables, highlighting the importance of an electricity portfolio, to measure overall energy performance for the purpose of regional sustainable development. In this unified linear programming framework with intertemporal evaluation, we estimated the effects of a clean electricity supply by the abatement of CO2 emissions and the gain of economic growth. The results can be used as a reference for decision makers to shape regional sustainable development policies. Using data of 30 provincial administration regions in China for the period of 2012–2017, we postulate that the lower energy performance of the Chinese regional economic system for sustainable development may be attributed to a lower electricity portfolio performance. We then postulate that investment in low-carbon energy infrastructure can combat CO2 emissions, and is also a major driving force in the regional economic growth.

scholarly journals Cryospheric Science: research framework and disciplinary system

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahe Qin ◽  
Yongjian Ding ◽  
Cunde Xiao ◽  
Shichang Kang ◽  
Jianwen Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Research Framework ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Disciplinary System ◽  
Cryospheric Change

Abstract Cryospheric changes and their impacts have received increasing concern, extending the research to include the interactions between earth spheres and the impacts of and social adaptation to cryospheric changes. As a result, Cryospheric Science is rapidly developing. However, the research framework of Cryospheric Science has not completely been set up, and the intension and extension of Cryospheric Science are unclear. Following a literature review, the research framework for Cryospheric Science and the discipline components are analysed in this paper. We consider that Cryospheric Science is an inevitable product of international research on the earth and environmental changes as well as on human sustainable development. It will not only strengthen the linkage between the cryosphere and other earth spheres by deepening traditional research areas, but will also bring more focus on the critical roles of the cryosphere in interactions between earth spheres, and will enhance the relationship between cryospheric change and climate, ecology, hydrology, surface environment and sustainable development. The disciplinary tree of Cryospheric Science is developed following the mainstream of change-impacts adaptation. The disciplines of Cryospheric Science were teased out against characteristics of traditional branches and the developing interdisciplinary branches of cryosphere elements, which will provide reference to Cryospheric Science as it systematically grows to maturity.

The effect of industry standard setting on patent licensing and enforcement

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 112-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Feldman ◽  
M.L. Rees ◽  
B. Townshend
Keyword(s):  
Standard Setting ◽  
Patent Licensing ◽  
Industry Standard
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