The effect of industry standard setting on patent licensing and enforcement

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 112-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Feldman ◽  
M.L. Rees ◽  
B. Townshend
Keyword(s):  
Standard Setting ◽  
Patent Licensing ◽  
Industry Standard

scholarly journals Do Government R&D Subsidies Cultivate Enterprises’ Voluntary National/Industry Standard-Setting for Sustainable Development?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5482
Author(s):  
Xun Zhang ◽  
Meng Shi ◽  
Biao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Standard Setting ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Research Framework ◽  
Government Subsidies ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
National Industry ◽  
Leading Enterprises

This study investigates the effects of government subsidies for R&D on resource and environmental enterprises’ voluntary national/industry standard- (N/IS-) setting, which is critical to sustainable development. Based on innovation motivation and capability theory, we propose a research framework and hypothesis, using a panel dataset on 11,556 Chinese resource and environmental enterprises from 2011 to 2013 to test our hypotheses. We find that government subsidies for R&D have a U-shaped relationship with N/IS-setting for sustainable development. Moreover, we also find that state ownership, position in industry, and patent properties are contingency factors suggesting that non-state-owned enterprises, industry-following enterprises, or enterprises with more patents come up with N/IS-settings of significantly greater value than state-owned enterprises, leading enterprises, or enterprises with fewer patents. Endogeneity issues are addressed by utilizing two-stage estimations with instrumental variables (IVs).

The role of institutions in mediating the use of intellectual property rights has long been neglected in debates over the economics of intellectual property. In a path-breaking work, Rob Merges studied what he calls "collective rights organizations, " industry groups that collect intellectual property rights from owners and license them as a package. Merges finds that these organizations ease some of the tensions created by strong intellectual property rights by allowing industries to bargain from a property rule into a liability rule. Collective rights organizations thus play a valuable role in facilitating transactions in intellectual property rights. There is another sort of organization that mediates between intellectual property owners and users, however. Standard-setting organizations (SS0s) regularly encounter situations in which one or more companies claim to own proprietary rights that cover a proposed industry standard. The industry cannot adopt the standard without the permission of the intellectual property owner (or owners). Given the importance of SSO rules governing intellectual property rights, there has been surprisingly little treatment of SSOs or their intellectual property rules in the legal literature. My aim in this article is to fill that void. To do so, I have surveyed the intellectual property policies qJ_ dozens of SS0s, primarily but not exclusively in the Antitrust, intellectual property and standard setting organizations

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Lemley
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Standard Setting ◽  
Liability Rule ◽  
Collective Rights ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
Property Owners

Centralization of Services: Standard Setting and Outcomes.

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain Hathorn ◽  
David Shinn ◽  
Jonathan Sandy ◽  
Nicola Atack ◽  
Guy Butcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Setting

Habilitación Profesional: Caso Ecuador

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Ana Lucía Ruano ◽  
Alejandro Vizuete ◽  
Juan Carlos Moreno ◽  
Willian Quishpe Revelo
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Standard Setting ◽  
Educación Superior ◽  
Educacion Superior ◽  
Para Determinar

Históricamente en los diversos sistemas educativos, la principal herramienta para evaluar los resultados de aprendizaje corresponde a pruebas, test o exámenes, que pueden ser de orden escrito, verbal o demostraciones prácticas. Estos instrumentos son utilizados a diferentes escalas, desde el aula de clase hasta los exámenes a nivel local, nacional o regional y generalmente sirven de base para inferir sobre los conocimientos y aptitudes de los evaluados. Esta clase de exámenes se encuentran sujetos a ciertas dificultades y limitaciones, como el determinar a priori, el nivel de aprendizaje · habilidad- de la cohorte o grupo de personas a ser evaluadas. Una de las actividades con mayor dificultad en la gestión de la aplicación de estos exámenes es determinar el punto de corte que establece si una persona adquirió, o no, las habilidades y competencias para ejercer !a profesión, para esto se utilizan varias metodologías {standard setting). En este artículo se detalla y analizan los métodos utilizados por el Consejo de Evaluación, Acreditación y Aseguramiento de la Calidad de la Educación Superior-Ceaaces, para determinar estándares en los exámenes que se aplican como parte de la certificación para la habilitación profesional en el Ecuador.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document