scholarly journals Sustainable Technology Innovation Path Recognition: An Evaluation of Patent Risk of International Trade

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 5002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang ◽  
Ma ◽  
Liu ◽  
Wang
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Sustainable Technology ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Prior Literature

Patent protection is a critical aspect of sustainable technology innovation, which is currently facing the challenge of patent risk. This study aimed to help enterprises prevent and avoid patent risk in a global view of technology innovation, and to propose a systematic evaluation model for patent risk. By combining the entropy method with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), this study constructed an analytic hierarchy model of patent risk. Some indexes in the model were selected based on the summary of prior literature, and other indexes were selected according to experts’ communication, which helped us to generalize the patent risk as comprehensively as possible. The AHP evaluation results determined the weight and relative materiality for each risk factor, which were contained in a criteria layer and a sub-criteria layer. The entropy method integrated the evaluation weights of different experts’ opinions. By dividing the risk factors into three categories, namely “high”, “medium”, or “low”, according to the priority degree, the risk priority ranking was obtained. Suggestions are discussed regarding support for enterprises in dealing with patent risk that may occur during international trade or other commercial activities.

Evaluation of Airport Pavement Service Performance Based on Fuzzy Matter Element and Combination Weights Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 3205-3210
Author(s):  
Xiang Cheng Yan ◽  
Xing Zhong Weng ◽  
Xiao Jun Liu ◽  
Jian Qiang Jia
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Pavement Condition ◽  
Pavement Maintenance ◽  
Airport Pavement ◽  
Complex Matter

The evaluation of airport pavement service performance plays an important role in pavement maintenance, rehabilitation and overlay. A systematic pavement performance evaluation model was established using the Fuzzy Complex Matter Element and combination weights. Firstly, the indices for evaluation such as Pavement Condition Index, Friction Coefficient, roughness performance and Bearing Capability were chose to evaluat the airport pavement service performance. Secondly, the synthesis weight of each evaluation index was determined using Entropy Method and Analytic Hierarchy Process Method. Finally, the relevancy degree fuzzy complex matter element was determined, and the degree of the airport pavement service performance can be determined according to the largest relevancy degree principle. This evaluation method has a broader applicable scope, because it is not only capable in considering subjective factors based on experts and experience, but also capable in considering the precision of objective information from the actual measuring reasonably. Finally, three regions of an airport pavement are evaluated by this method, and the evaluation results agree well with the actual pavement condition.

Application of fuzzy dynamic weights drivability evaluation model in tip-in condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Huang ◽  
HaiJiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Fuzzy Matrix ◽  
Evaluation Indexes ◽  
Dynamic Weight ◽  
Performance Development ◽  
Index Weight ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Only the subjective or objective method is employed to calculate the index weight in the evaluation of drivability, which makes the evaluation result less accurate. In this paper, a drivability evaluation model was proposed on the basis of fuzzy dynamic weights, and the drivability was evaluated in tip-in conditions. The evaluation indexes affecting drivability in tip-in conditions were determined using multi-dimensional analysis. The dynamic weight was built using an improved analytic hierarchy process and improved entropy method in accordance with the principle of “function driving and difference driving.” The fuzzy matrix was built by drawing upon the improved membership function of the evaluation index. Finally, the drivability evaluation model of the tip-in condition was built with dynamic weight and fuzzy matrix. The evaluation model was employed to evaluate the drivability of the vehicle, which obtained the drivability score. As the experiment results suggest, the evaluation model is accurate and effective in comparison with the real score and the score obtained from the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. The evaluation model is employed to formulate a control strategy for a vehicle that will allow better drivability. Besides, the method makes the performance development of the vehicle more knowledgeable and agile.

The Reasoning Structure in Legal Disputes on the International Trade of Biotechnology: From a Judicial Balance by Chance to a Judicial Balance by Design

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Alessandra GUIDA
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
The World ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Biotech Products

The international trade in biotech products boosts national economies and advances scientific as well as technology innovation. However, while trading these products increases the spread of benefits on a global scale, it also increases risks to human health and the environment (ie biosafety). This is because the effects of this technology on biosafety are still highly uncertain. Against this background, the judicial bodies under the World Trade Organization (WTO) find themselves in the middle of an intricate and polarised debate in which a proper judicial balance between free trade and biosafety becomes fundamental in order to determine whether requests for ensuring human and environmental health justify trade restrictions. This paper aims to highlight that the WTO is institutionally unready for balancing economic and non-economic values. In suggesting how to rationalise the judicial balance between the competing interests in the context of biotechnology, this paper demonstrates that the judicial adoption of a well-structured proportionality analysis can turn the current balance by chance into a balance by structure.

scholarly journals Time-Based Corporate-Social-Responsibility Evaluation Model Taking Chinese Listed Forestry Companies as an Example

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7971
Author(s):  
Xinfei Li ◽  
Baodong Cheng ◽  
Heng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Static State ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Normative Constraints ◽  
Corporate Social

With the rapid development of the economy, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is receiving increasing attention from companies themselves, but also increasing attention from society as a whole. How to reasonably evaluate the performance of CSR is a current research hotspot. Existing corporate-social-responsibility evaluation methods mostly focus on the static evaluation of enterprises in the industry, and do not take the time factor into account, which cannot reflect the performance of long-term CSR. On this basis, this article proposes a time-based entropy method that can evaluate long-term changes in CSR. Studies have shown that the completion of CSR in a static state does not necessarily reflect the dynamic and increasing trend of CSR in the long term. Therefore, the assessment of CSR should consider both the static and dynamic aspects of a company. In addition, the research provides the focus of different types of forestry enterprises in fulfilling CSR in the long term, and provides a clearer information path for the standard identification and normative constraints of different types of forestry enterprises CSR.

Water abundance analysis of aquifer in coal roof based on grey relational analysis and analytic hierarchy process

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-494
Author(s):  
Li Bo
Keyword(s):  
Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽  
Grey Relational Analysis ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Evaluation Index System ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Water Abundance ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Grey Relational ◽  
Hierarchy Process

As water abundance of aquifer of coal roof significantly influences roof water hazard, evaluating and grading the degree of water abundance are important in practical application. By analyzing the influencing factors of water abundance of aquifer, an evaluation index system and a grading standard for the water abundance were established integrating quantitative and qualitative indexes. Meanwhile, according to the grey relation characteristics of the major factors influencing water abundance, a multi-factor evaluation model for water abundance was constructed based on grey relational analysis and analytic hierarchy process. The model can objectively reveal the influences of the multiple factors on the evaluation of water abundance. Furthermore, the method was verified by comprehensively evaluating the water abundance of the aquifer of coal roof in a working face of Pingshuo Coal Mine in Shanxi, China using the model. The method provides basis for the research on the evaluation of water abundance of aquifer in coal roof.

The Evaluating and Quantizing of Human Factors at Workplace

2011 ◽  
Vol 328-330 ◽  
pp. 1045-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pu Hong Li ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Jian Xin Deng ◽  
Zhi Jun Fan
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽  
Production Line ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Working Posture ◽  
Hierarchy Process

This paper is focused on the human factors and assessment methods at workplace firstly. Then the human factors are analysed and evaluated to quantized by Analytic Hierarchy Process and Entropy method. On that basis, the multicriteria quantizing model is build, at last the human factors at piston production line as an example is given. According to the result of model, it provides a scientific evidence to make the human factors in difference processes perfect: improving operating efficiency, optimizing working posture.

scholarly journals Research on the Evaluation Model of a Smart Grid Development Level Based on Differentiation of Development Demand

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinchao Li ◽  
Tianzhi Li ◽  
Liu Han
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Development Level ◽  
The Impact

In order to eliminate the impact of inter-regional differentiation of development demand on the objective evaluation of the development level of smart grid, this paper establishes the evaluation model of weight modification, transmission mechanism and combination of subjective and objective weights. Firstly, the Analytic Hierarchy Process method is used to calculate the weights of evaluation indices of effect layer and then the indices of development demand are used to modify the weights of them. The association analysis and the correlation coefficient are used to establish the weights conduction coefficient between the effect level and the base level. Then the subjective weights of the indices of the base layer are calculated. The objective weights of the indices of the base layer are obtained by using the entropy method. The subjective weights of the base layer and the objective weights obtained by the entropy method are averagely calculated, and the comprehensive weights of the evaluation indices of the base layer are obtained. Then each index is scored according to the weights and index values. Finally, the model is used to quantitatively inspect the level of development of smart grid in specific regions and make a horizontal comparison, which provides a useful reference for the development of smart grids. The relevant examples verify the correctness and validity of the model.

WEAR Sustain Network: Ethical and Sustainable Technology Innovation in Wearables and Etextiles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizbeth Goodman ◽  
Camille Baker ◽  
Nick Bryan-Kinns ◽  
Yongmeng Wu ◽  
Sankun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Sustainable Technology
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