scholarly journals Carbon Mitigation Strategies of Port Selection and Multimodal Transport Operations—A Case Study of Northeast China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 4877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Li ◽  
Haibo Kuang ◽  
Yan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Carbon Taxes ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Multimodal Transport ◽  
Port Selection ◽  
The Impact

In the last few decades, the progression of climate change has made people aware of the need to reduce CO2 emissions. In this study, the effect of this awareness on container transport in Northeast China is used as an empirical case study. Firstly, we propose that the freight demand index, calculated by the entropy weight TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution) method, reflects the degree of container demand in destination cities. Then, we describe five scenarios against the background of China’s container development plan and use them to evaluate the cost and carbon emissions of container rerouting. The overall objective of the study is to assess the effects of changes in port selection on the formation of new routes and multimodal transport. The results show that carbon taxes do not significantly affect multimodal transport networks, and the impact of loading and unloading costs on the total cost is far greater than that of corresponding carbon emissions. Despite the railway transportation capacity of Dalian Port, the results show that Yingkou Port and Dandong Port will expand by 227.8% and 191.4% over 2017, respectively. Therefore, Liaoning Port Group needs to reposition its different ports.

On the Applicability of Analytical Supply Chain Disruption Models for Selecting the Optimum Contingency Strategies for Electronic Supply Chain Disruption Management: A Comparison With Simulation

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Allison ◽  
Peter Sandborn ◽  
Bo Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Mitigation Strategy ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Supply Chain Disruption ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Disruption Mitigation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Due to the nature of the manufacturing and support activities associated with long life cycle products, the parts that products required need to be dependably and consistently available. However, the parts that comprise long lifetime products are susceptible to a variety of supply chain disruptions. In order to minimize the impact of these unavoidable disruptions to production, manufacturers can implement proactive mitigation strategies. Two mitigation strategies in particular have been proven to decrease the penalty costs associated with disruptions: second sourcing and buffering. Second sourcing involves selecting two distinct suppliers from which to purchase parts over the life of the part’s use within a product or organization. Second sourcing reduces the probability of part unavailability (and its associated penalties), but at the expense of qualification and support costs for multiple suppliers. An alternative disruption mitigation strategy is buffering (also referred to as hoarding). Buffering involves stocking enough parts in inventory to satisfy the forecasted part demand (for both manufacturing and maintenance requirements) for a fixed future time period so as to offset the impact of disruptions. Careful selection of the mitigation strategy (second sourcing, buffering, or a combination of the two) is key, as it can dramatically impact a part’s total cost of ownership. This paper studies the effectiveness of traditional analytical models compared to a simulation-based approach for the selection of an optimal disruption mitigation strategy. A verification case study was performed to check the accuracy and applicability of the simulation-based model. The case study results show that the simulation model is capable of replicating results from operations research models, and overcomes significant scenario restrictions that limit the usefulness of analytical models as decision-making tools. Four assumptions, in particular, severely limit the realism of most analytical models but do not constrain the simulation-based model. These limiting assumptions are: 1) no fixed costs associated with part orders, 2) infinite-horizon, 3) perfectly reliable backup supplier, and 4) disruptions lasting full ordering periods (as opposed to fractional periods).

scholarly journals Short-run impact of electricity storage on CO2 emissions in power systems with high penetrations of wind power: A case-study of Ireland

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (6) ◽  
pp. 590-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eoghan McKenna ◽  
John Barton ◽  
Murray Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Study Data ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
The Impact

This article studies the impact on CO2 emissions of electrical storage systems in power systems with high penetrations of wind generation. Using the Irish All-Island power system as a case-study, data on the observed dispatch of each large generator for the years 2008 to 2012 was used to estimate a marginal emissions factor of 0.547 kgCO2/kWh. Selected storage operation scenarios were used to estimate storage emissions factors – the carbon emissions impact associated with each unit of storage energy used. The results show that carbon emissions increase in the short-run for all storage technologies when consistently operated in ‘peak shaving and trough filling’ modes, and indicate that this should also be true for the GB and US power systems. Carbon emissions increase when storage is operated in ‘wind balancing’ mode, but reduce when storage is operated to reduce wind power curtailment, as in this case wind power operates on the margin. For power systems where wind is curtailed to maintain system stability, the results show that energy storage technologies that provide synthetic inertia achieve considerably greater carbon reductions. The results highlight a tension for policy makers and investors in storage, as scenarios based on the operation of storage for economic gains increase emissions, while those that decrease emissions are unlikely to be economically favourable. While some scenarios indicate storage increases emissions in the short-run, these should be considered alongside long-run assessments, which indicate that energy storage is essential to the secure operation of a fossil fuel-free grid.

Optimizing Part Sourcing Strategies for Low-Volume, Long Life Cycle Products Using Second Sourcing and Part Hoarding

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varun J. Prabhakar ◽  
Hannah Allison ◽  
Peter Sandborn ◽  
Bo Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Supply Chain Disruptions ◽  
Sourcing Strategies ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Future Time Period ◽  
Long Life ◽  
The Impact

Long life cycle products, commonly found in aviation, medical and critical infrastructure applications, are often fielded and supported for long periods of time (20 years or more). The manufacture and support of long life cycle products rely on the availability of suitable parts, which over long periods of time, leaves the parts susceptible to supply chain disruptions such as suppliers exiting the market, allocation issues, counterfeit part risks, and part obsolescence. Proactive mitigation strategies exist that can reduce the impact of supply chain disruptions. One solution to mitigating the supply chain risk is the strategic formulation of part sourcing strategies (optimally selecting one or more suppliers from which to purchase parts over the life of the part’s use within a product or organization). Strategic sourcing offers a way of avoiding the risk of part unavailability (and its associated penalties), but at the expense of qualification and support costs for multiple suppliers. An alternative disruption mitigation strategy is hoarding. Hoarding involves stocking enough parts in inventory to satisfy the forecasted part demand (for both manufacturing and maintenance requirements) of a fixed future time period. This excess inventory provides a buffer that reduces the effect of supply chain disruptions on the part total cost of ownership (TCO), but increases the total holding cost. This paper presents a method of performing tradeoff analyses and identifying the optimal combination of second sourcing and hoarding for a specific part and product scenario. A case study was performed to examine the effects of hoarding on both single and second sourced parts. The case study results show that hoarding can contribute to a decrease in the cumulative TCO and a decrease in its variance.

scholarly journals The Spatial Perspective in Post-Earthquake Evaluation to Improve Mitigation Strategies: Geostatistical Analysis of the Seismic Damage Applied to a Real Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 3182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador García-Ayllón ◽  
Antonio Tomás ◽  
José Luis Ródenas
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Statistical Point ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
New Framework

The analysis of damage in cities after an earthquake to implement mitigation strategies of seismic risk is a complex job that is usually full of uncertainties. Numerous variables affect the final result of the observable damage in a set of buildings in an urban area. The use of methodologies capable of providing global explanations beyond the traditional unidisciplinary approach of disciplines, such as structural analysis, earthquake engineering, geotechnics, or seismology, can be very useful for improving the behavior of our cities against earthquakes. This article presents geostatistical post-earthquake analysis, an innovative approach in this field of research based on GIS spatial statistical tools to evaluate the importance of the different variables after an earthquake that may have caused damage in a city. This new framework will be applied to analyze, from a geostatistical perspective, the damage levels observed in the city of Lorca (Spain) after the earthquake of 2011; a case study where various studies have proposed different measures to mitigate the impact of future earthquakes as a consequence of focusing on different phenomena as the main variable for the damage produced. A bivariate GIS assessment will allow spatial correlation of the problems detected from a statistical point of view (inadequate design of buildings, age of the real estate stock, inefficient urban planning configurations, geological risk, etc.) and the different levels of damage that the technicians who participated in the post-earthquake phase evaluated in the city. The results obtained will allow one to hierarchize the importance of the different detected phenomena to prepare the city better against future earthquakes and to elaborate an improved seismic mitigation strategy.

scholarly journals Biofuel supply chain risk mitigation strategy framework: Expert interview based Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Tedy Wachyudi ◽  
Arief Daryanto ◽  
Machfud Machfud ◽  
Yandra Arkeman
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Business Practice ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Security Framework ◽  
Supply Chain Risk ◽  
Expert Interview ◽  
Risk Mitigation Strategies ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The purpose of this case study is to develop and framework supply chain characteristics and risk mitigation strategies in the context of biodiesel downstream supply chain.Design/methodology/approach: This study employs an expert interview-based approach as a qualitative approach with a multi-perspectives view.Findings: There are vary strategies among perspectives, such as perspectives of organization and business types, stakeholder types, times and methods. These also shows that business strategy of collaborative, coordinative, and cooperative arise as alternative strategies for each perspective and each level of stakeholder. Those business strategies may apply in a vary operation strategies which linking through an energy security framework element as company’s competitive priorities.Research limitations/implications: The research scope includes only a certain area of the country’s territory and the target company’s supply chain areas of activity. The research method includes only internal stakeholders and experts as respondents and data sources. The level of analysis was only at corporate level in the corporate case study context. The research also targets only a downstream activities of biodiesel supply chain context. The interview-based approach as a qualitative approach faces some subjectivity challenges among respondents.Practical implications: The research result provides some positive implications for business practice, includes how to minimize the impact of supply chain risk on company’s business activities and performance, how supply chain experts and practitioners used risk mitigation practices, how to formulate strategic plans to minimize the impact of supply chain risk and enhance the effectivity and sustainability of the supply chain activities.Social implications: The implication for business practice was that company’s leaders implemented supply chain risk mitigation strategies that provide positive impacts on the more valuable relationship among supply chain actors and stakeholders.Originality/value: The first, is an activities areas and operation schemes-based of biodiesel supply chain point of view. The second, is a multi-perspectives-based biodiesel supply chain characteristics framework. The third, is an energy security framework-based biodiesel risk mitigation strategies framework.

scholarly journals Nottingham Express Transit

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Disney ◽  
Will Rossiter ◽  
David J Smith
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Impact

Traffic congestion at peak times has long been a problem facing cities in the United Kingdom.1 Latterly concern about combating congestion has been hightened by worries over carbon emissions and poor air quality. In tackling these problems, green innovations incorporating new technologies appear to have much to offer, although progress in implementing these sorts of innovation appears to have been slow. This case study analyses the efforts of one city to tackle these problems by pioneering a number of green innovations including the introduction of a light rail system employing trams known as Nottingham Express Transit as well as electric and gas-powered buses. The nature of these innovations is explored together with a detailed examination of how they came to be implemented and the impact they have had.

scholarly journals Route Selection of Multimodal Transport Based on China Railway Transportation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Yao Li ◽  
Qingpeng Zhang ◽  
Dingjun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Ant Colony Algorithm ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Route Selection ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
External Interference ◽  
Multimodal Transportation ◽  
Transportation Time ◽  
Multimodal Transport ◽  
The Impact

The advantage of multimodal transport is that it can deliver the goods to their destination in a reasonable combination of transport modes while ensuring security and punctuality. Multimodal transportation can effectively reduce logistics costs, improve logistics efficiency, and reduce environmental pollution. In the process of multimodal transportation, due to the interference of natural factors (weather, terrain, etc.) and some special human factors, it may have different degrees of impact on the transportation time and transportation safety of different transportation modes. Therefore, when choosing a transportation method, it is necessary to consider the transportation time and transportation safety under the interference. However, the current research on multimodal transport has not considered the impact of external interference on transportation time and transportation safety. Compared with other modes of transportation, external interference has a relatively small impact on railway transportation. Railways can safely deliver goods to their destinations on time. Under the background of China’s huge railway network and advanced heavy-duty technology, this paper establishes a multimodal transport route selection model for considering railway as the core, introduces time penalty cost and damage compensation cost, and takes the lowest comprehensive transportation cost as the model objective under the premise of considering transportation reliability and transportation safety. Finally, taking a multimodal transport network in China as an example, an improved ant colony algorithm is used to solve the model and the results verify the rationality of the model.

scholarly journals Optimal Location of Biogas Plants in Supply Chains under Carbon Effects: Insight from a Case Study on Animal Manure in North Dakota

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Shin Park ◽  
Joseph Szmerekovsky ◽  
Alan Dybing
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
The Impact

Faced with increasing concerns over the negative environmental impact due to human and industrial activities, biomass industry practitioners and policy makers have great interest in green supply chains to reduce carbon emissions from supply chain activities. There are many studies which model the biomass supply chain and its environmental impact. However, animal waste sourced biogas supply chain has not received much attention in the literature. Biogas from animal manure not only provides energy efficiency, but also minimizes carbon emissions compared to existing biomass products. Therefore, this study proposes a mixed integer linear program that minimizes total supply costs and carbon emissions from an animal waste sourced biogas supply chain while it also incorporates carbon price in the model to see the impact of a carbon policy on tactical and strategic supply chain decisions. To validate the model proposed, a case study of North Dakota is adopted where there is a high potential for a biogas plant to be developed. The results of our optimization experiment indicate that supply chain performance in terms of both costs and emissions is very sensitive to a carbon pricing mechanism.

Exploring vulnerability and resilience of shipping for coastal communities during disruptions: findings from a case study of Vancouver Island in Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samsul Islam ◽  
Floris Goerlandt ◽  
Mohammad Jasim Uddin ◽  
Yangyan Shi ◽  
Noorul Shaiful Fitri Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis study aims to improve understanding of how coastal maritime transport system of Vancouver Island would be disrupted in disaster events, and the strategies could be used to address such risks. Any transport disruption at the maritime leg of the supply chain can affect the needs of vulnerable residents and thus, the supply of many goods to coastal communities.Design/methodology/approachThis case study focuses on the disruption that can be expected to occur for ferries that serves coastal communities of Vancouver Island in Canada. A landslide scenario in the Fraser River (which connects coastal communities) is developed, and interviews and focus groups are used to gain understanding of the vulnerability and resilience of shipping.FindingsThe findings show that the maritime leg of the supply chain for the coastal communities of Vancouver Island is resilient to a landslide disruption of ferries. Besides, there would be no impact on the operability of tugs and barges. This study also offers suggestions for creating the conditions for increasing resilience of maritime supply chains to any such disruption.Research limitations/implicationsA research gap exists with respect to minimizing disruption in maritime supply chains, mainly in regard to lessening the impact on the vulnerable residents of coastal communities. This study contributes to filling this gap in the literature.Practical implicationsThe findings have significant implications for maritime service providers and for people working on disaster preparedness, emergency response and recovery.Originality/valueStudies which focus on alleviating the impact of disruptions in the maritime supply chains and the mitigation strategies for coastal communities are scarce in the literature.

Integrated Multimodal Transportation Model for a Switchgrass-Based Bioethanol Supply Chain: Case Study in North Dakota

2017 ◽  
Vol 2628 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Shin Park ◽  
Joseph Szmerekovsky ◽  
Atif Osmani ◽  
N. Muhammad Aslaam
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Multimodal Transport ◽  
The Impact

In this study, a mixed integer linear programming model that integrates multimodal transport—truck and rail—into the switchgrass-based bioethanol supply chain was formulated. The objective of this study was to minimize the total cost for cultivation and harvesting, infrastructure, the storage process, bioethanol production, and transportation. Strategic decisions, including the number and location of intermodal facilities and biorefineries, and tactical decisions, such as the amount of biomass shipped, processed, and converted into bioethanol, were validated by using North Dakota as a case study. It was found that the multimodal transport scenario was more cost effective than a single mode of transport (truck) and resulted in a lower cost for bioethanol. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to demonstrate the impact of key factors in the decision to use multimodal transport in a switchgrass-based bioethanol supply chain and on the cost of bioethanol.

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