scholarly journals Research on the Online Consumption Effect of China’s Urbanization under Population Aging Background

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuyang Li ◽  
Tongping Li ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Junmei Qi ◽  
Linjie Hu
Keyword(s):  
Population Policy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Eastern Area ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

With the development of e-commerce, online consumption—a new sustainable consumption mode—has rapidly developed. Online shopping has become an important consumption method for Chinese residents, and the era of online consumption has arrived. Urbanization is an important foundation for the development of online consumption, and its impact on online consumption is becoming increasingly important. In addition, with the decline of fertility in China, the proportion of the elderly population is increasing. As the macro background of the current economic operation of China, population aging has long been a concern of the government. However, the existing research on urbanization, population aging and online consumption is insufficient. In this context, this study is of great significance to promote the sustainable development of the online consumption mode and enrich the theory of resident consumption in the era of the network economy. In this paper, by adopting the system generalized method of moments (GMM), we conducted an empirical analysis of the relationship between urbanization, population aging, and online consumption, based on panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2007 to 2017. Furthermore, we examined the regional heterogeneity of urbanization’s online consumption effect. The results reveal that, first, urbanization has a positive relationship with online consumption. Second, urbanization’s online consumption effect has regional differences, with the largest positive effect being in the western area of China, the second in the eastern area of China and the smallest in the central area of China. Third, aging inhibits the development of online consumption. Specifically, it mainly includes two aspects. On the one hand, aging has a direct negative impact on online consumption. On the other hand, aging has a moderating effect on urbanization’s online consumption effect, which weakens the impact of urbanization. The rising of urban residents’ income has significant explanatory power to the change of online consumption in the eastern and western regions. Therefore, the policy implications are as follows: promoting the strategic transformation of urbanization, giving full play to the online consumption effect of urbanization; adjusting and improving population policy to cope with the population aging; constantly raising people’s income level and enhancing consumption potential.

Fiscal Deficit and Economic Growth in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebney Ayaj Rana ◽  
Abu N. M. Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Government Budget ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Government Budget Deficit

The economy of Bangladesh is currently going through a period of continuous budget deficit. The present data suggest that the government budget deficit, on average, is nearly 5% of the country’s GDP. This has been true since the early 2000s. To finance this deficit, governments have been borrowing largely from domestic and foreign sources resulting in inflationary pressure on one hand, and crowding out of private investments on the other. During the same period, although the economy has grown steadily at a rate of more than 6%, this growth is less than the potential. This article presents an econometric study of the impact of government budget deficits on the economic growth of Bangladesh. We conduct a time-series analysis using ordinary least squares estimation, vector error correction model, and granger causality test. The findings suggest that the government budget deficit has statistically significant negative impact on economic growth in Bangladesh. Policy implications of our findings include reestablishing the rule of law, political stability in the country, restructuring tax structure, closing tax loopholes, and harmonizing fiscal policy with monetary policy to attract additional domestic and foreign investment.

The Dynamic Fluctuation Relationship between China’s Urbanization and the Disparity of Urban-Rural Resident Living Direct Carbon Dioxide Emissions: A SVAR Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 6079-6083
Author(s):  
Yaqin Liu ◽  
Guo Hao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Rural Resident ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dynamic Fluctuation

Currently, continuous China’s urbanization will emit considerable carbon dioxide emissions, so that China is facing mounting pressure from not only the international community but also domestic itself. This paper applies SVAR model to evaluate the dynamic fluctuation relationship between China’s urbanization and the disparity of urban-rural resident living direct carbon dioxide emissions. The result indicates that the urbanization has an obvious positive effect on the difference of resident living direct carbon dioxide emissions from urban and rural in the short term and it has negative impact in the long term. Moreover, the impact of urban-rural resident living direct carbon dioxide emissions disparity on the urbanization has a negative effect in the short term, gradually turns into a positive, and finally stabilizes zero level. Based on the above conclusions, the government should provide corresponding policy implications for China's carbon emission reduction.

scholarly journals The Impact of Population Ageing: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Ismail ◽  
Wan Ibrahim Wan Ahmad ◽  
Salasiah Hanin Hamjah ◽  
I Komang Astina
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Older People ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Older Population ◽  
Background Population ◽  
Care Health ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Background: Population aging refers to the increase in number and percentage of older population aged 60 yr and above, and at the same time, decreasing in number and percentage of the young population aged 15 yr old and below. Starting in developed countries, population aging has now become a distinctive demographic phenomenon in developing countries. Nowadays developing countries have become the home to the largest proportion of older people in the world. This paper aimed to analyze the impact of population aging in Malaysia. Methods: We employed a secondary data analysis related to the impact of population aging in Malaysia. In analyzing the data, the paper detailed, segmented, coded and, formulated the text into themes through a thematic approach. The themes that emerged from the data were family changes, migration of youth, support and care, health problems, financial security as well as housing problems. These emerged themes mapped the shared patterns of the impacts of the population aging. Results: With the increasing of the older population in Malaysia, there are various impacts of population aging emerged, particularly in terms of family changes, youth migration to cities, support and care, health, financial security and housing. The discussion in this article is revolved around these impacts. Conclusion: The growth of older people and the impact emerging from it has certain policy implications for the government of the country. Thus, the government needs to prepare for adequate policies and resources for future older people.

scholarly journals Empirical Evidence Regarding the Impact of Economic Growth and Inflation on Economic Sentiment and Household Consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Larissa Batrancea
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Impact

The dynamics of the interconnected global market and consumption behavior has recently changed considerably. Using a sample of 28 nations within the European Union, the study examined the degree to which economic growth and inflation impacted economic sentiment and household consumption during the time frame of December 2019 up to October 2020. The results estimated via panel generalized method of moments and panel least squares (with cross-section weights, time fixed effects) showed that economic sentiment and household consumption were significantly shaped by the proxies of economic growth and inflation. Moreover, in the case of economic sentiment, the negative impact of inflation was much stronger than the positive impact of economic growth. The reverse applied in the case of household consumption. The study draws policy implications regarding the strategies that public authorities, companies, and individual consumers could apply for stimulating national economies amid challenging times.

scholarly journals Green Finance During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond: Implications for Green Economic Recovery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Bakkar Siddik ◽  
Guang-Wen Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Green Finance ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The main purpose of study is to identify the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the green financing of banks and non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs) in an emerging economy such as Bangladesh. Also, this study shows the green banking activities of the banks and NBFIs during the pandemic. To analyze the impact of the pandemic on green financing, secondary data were obtained from the quarterly and annual reports of Bangladesh Bank (BB) on green financing as well as the annual reports and websites of 61 banks and 34 NBFIs in Bangladesh for the period 2021–2019. Subsequently, the study deployed dependent t-test statistics, growth rate (year-on-year), descriptive statistics, relative percentage changes, and varying tables and graphs to analyze the obtained secondary data. The empirical findings revealed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in green finance for all banks and NBFIs compared to before the epidemic, indicating that the pandemic had no negative impact on the total green finance growth of all banks and NBFIs. On the other hand, compared to the pre-pandemic period, bank-wise growth in green financing was higher for state-owned commercial banks (SOCBs), specialized banks (SDBs), and private commercial banks (PCBs) but lower for foreign-owned commercial banks (FCBs) during the COVID-19 epidemic. This suggests that the pandemic does not affect the expansion of green finance by SOCBs, SDBs and PCBs but significantly impacted the growth of green financing by FCBs. Furthermore, the research findings showed that the total outstanding and classified loans within the green finance investment decrease for both banks and NBFIs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results indicated that the Bangladeshi banks’ level of automation towards green banking were satisfactory during the pandemic. Therefore, major policy implications for the green economic recovery by the government, BB, and managers of the banks and financial institutions in emerging economies like Bangladesh were discussed.

scholarly journals Competition and Profitability of Banks: Empirical evidence from the Middle East & North African (MENA) Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Moudud-Ul-Huq ◽  
Md. Abdul Halim ◽  
Tanmay Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Mena Countries ◽  
Banking Sector Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

This paper uses generalized method of moments (GMM), Least Squares (LS) and Generalized Linear Model (GLM) to examine the impact of competition on profitability of banks and Stochastic Frontier approach (SFA) is used to estimate of cost efficiency. We have used an unbalanced panel dataset from a sample of emerging economic MENA countries over the period between 2011 and 2017. We find out that have a significant and negative impact of competition on profitability of banks. The empirical findings of this study suggest that MENA banks should more improve the process of managing and monitoring the loan segment business ; the result which reducing in the level of credit risk which leads to higher profitability  ii) MENA banks should shrink higher level of banking sector development. iii) MENA banks should make full conduct of available funds to engage in various natures of businesses; if there is an issue of insolvency, robust government support would give protection to MENA banks. Finally, it also provides some compulsory policy implications which will be very beneficial for a wide range of stakeholders.

Fractionalization, polarization and banking stability in Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Richard Adjei Dwumfour
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Net Interest Margin ◽  
Banking Stability ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Asset Quality ◽  
The Impact

Abstract I examine the impact of diversity (ethnic and religious fractionalization and polarization) on banking stability in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Using data from 1996 to 2014, I employ the system Generalized Method of Moments (sys-GMM) approach to examine this relationship. I find that countries in SSA are more polarized religiously than they are ethnically. The region is, however, more ethnically fractionalized than they are religiously. Further, I conjecture that banks in more heterogeneous societies will experience poor asset quality and lower stability. I however postulate that banks offset the risks from diversity at certain levels of net interest margin (NIM). I provide empirical evidence to support these conjectures. I find varying threshold NIM values for each diversity indicator depending on the stability measure used. Opening up the banking system to foreign entry can help offset the negative impact of diversity on banking stability. Policy implications are discussed.

KAJIAN DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN PENUTUPAN LOKALISASI TELEJU OLEH PEMERINTAH KOTA PEKANBARU

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
M. Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Policy Content ◽  
The Government ◽  
Closure Policy ◽  
The Impact

This research to analyze the impact of closure policy Teleju brothel by Pekanbaru govermentin 2010. Guidelines for works are Pekanbaru Local Regulations No. 12 of 2008 on Social Order-liness. Closure this brothel inflicts positive and negative impact for society.The research wasconducted to obtain early stage formula for the government to take action against the prostitu-tion activities. This research uses policy research approach with a qualitative method, becausein prostitution activities and prohibition by goverment is an assessment that needs to be done byanalyzing documents and unstructured interview.The results showed that after the closing of the Teleju brothel have an impact on the deploy-ment of a prostitution and affect the economy of the surrounding residents. Government seeksto tackle prostitution in Pekanbaru by moving the brothel, conduct regular raids and providetraining. The effort is considered to be less than the maximum because the handling is not basedon the root of the problem and not programmed properly. There are several causes of failure ofgovernment to overcome the prostitution problem in Pekanbaru, including: policy content isless focus on the prostitution problem, the government did not proceeds with data, lack of finan-cial support, contra productive programs between local government with the police and TNI,and the policy object is difficult to be given understanding.

The Impact of the Business Environment on the Formalization of Informal Firms. The Case of Kosovo

Südosteuropa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-529
Author(s):  
Kujtim Zylfijaj ◽  
Dimitar Nikoloski ◽  
Nadine Tournois
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe research presented here investigates the impact of the business environment on the formalization of informal firms, using firm-level data for 243 informal firms in Kosovo. The findings indicate that business-environment variables such as limited access to financing, the cost of financing, the unavailability of subsidies, tax rates, and corruption have a significant negative impact on the formalization of informal firms. In addition, firm-level characteristics analysis suggests that the age of the firm also exercises a significant negative impact, whereas sales volume exerts a significant positive impact on the formalization of informal firms. These findings have important policy implications and suggest that the abolition of barriers preventing access to financing, as well as tax reforms and a consistent struggle against corruption may have a positive influence on the formalization of informal firms. On the other hand, firm owners should consider formalization to be a means to help them have greater opportunities for survival and growth.

The Psychological and Financial Impact of Cybercrime Victimization: A Novel Application of the Shattered Assumptions Theory

2021 ◽  
pp. 089443932098382
Author(s):  
Jildau Borwell ◽  
Jurjen Jansen ◽  
Wouter Stol
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Financial Impact ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Loss Compensation ◽  
Shattered Assumptions ◽  
The Impact

While criminality is digitizing, a theory-based understanding of the impact of cybercrime on victims is lacking. Therefore, this study addresses the psychological and financial impact of cybercrime on victims, applying the shattered assumptions theory (SAT) to predict that impact. A secondary analysis was performed on a representative data set of Dutch citizens ( N = 33,702), exploring the psychological and financial impact for different groups of cybercrime victims. The results showed a higher negative impact on emotional well-being for victims of person-centered cybercrime, victims for whom the offender was an acquaintance, and victims whose financial loss was not compensated and a lower negative impact on emotional well-being for victims with a higher income. The study led to novel scientific insights and showed the applicability of the SAT for developing hypotheses about cybercrime victimization impact. In this study, most hypotheses had to be rejected, leading to the conclusion that more work has to be done to test the applicability of the SAT in the field of cybercrime. Furthermore, policy implications were identified considering the prioritization of and approach to specific cybercrimes, treatment of victims, and financial loss compensation.

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