scholarly journals The Role of Women in Production and Management of RTB Crops in Rwanda and Burundi: Do Men Decide, and Women Work?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Sikhu Okonya ◽  
Netsayi Noris Mudege ◽  
Anne M. Rietveld ◽  
Anastase Nduwayezu ◽  
Déo Kantungeko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Joint Decision ◽  
Credit Access ◽  
Cash Crops

This paper evaluates the determinants of decision-making in relation to the production of four crops (banana, cassava, potato, and sweet potato). Understanding the division of labor and decision-making in crop management may lead to designing better interventions targeted at improving efficiency in smallholder agriculture. In 2014, the research team conducted a quantitative household survey with heads of households involving 261 women and 144 men in Burundi and 184 women and 222 men in Rwanda. Most of the decisions and labor provision during the production of both cash crops (potato and banana) and food crops (sweet potato and cassava) were done jointly by men and women in male-headed households. Higher values for ‘credit access’, ‘land size’, and ‘farming as the main occupation of the household head’ increased the frequency of joint decision-making in male-headed households. A decline in the amount of farm income reduced the participation of men as decision-makers. A reduction in total household income and proximity to the market was correlated with joint decision-making. Gender norms also contributed to the lower participation of women in both decision-making and labor provision in banana and potato cultivation. Although a large proportion of decisions were made jointly, women perceived that men participate more in decision-making processes within the household during the production of cash crops. Increased participation by women in decision-making will require an active and practical strategy which can encourage adjustments to existing traditional gender norms that recognize men as the main decision-makers at both the household and community levels.

scholarly journals The role of women in production and management of RTB crops in Rwanda and Burundi: Do men decide, and women work?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Okonya ◽  
Netsayi Mudege ◽  
Anne Rietveld ◽  
Anastase Nduwayezu ◽  
Deo Kantungeko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Joint Decision ◽  
Credit Access ◽  
Cash Crops

This paper evaluates the determinants of decision making in relation to the production of four crops (banana, cassava, potato and sweet potato). Understanding the division of labour and decision-making in crop management may lead to designing better interventions targeted at improving efficiency in smallholder agriculture. A household quantitative survey with heads of households involving 261 women and 144 men in Burundi and 184 women and 222 men in Rwanda was conducted in 2014. Most of the decisions and labour provision during production of both cash crops (potato and banana) and food crops (sweet potato and cassava) were done jointly by men and women in male-headed households. Higher values for ‘credit access’, ‘land size’ and ‘farming as the main occupation of the household head’ increased the frequency of joint decision-making in male-headed households. A decline in the amount of farm income reduced the participation of men as decision makers. A reduction in total household income and proximity to the market was correlated with joint decision making. Gender norms also contributed to the lower participation of women in both decision-making and labour provision in banana and potato cultivation. Although a large proportion of decisions were made jointly, women perceived that men participate more in decision-making processes within the household during the production of cash crops. Increased participation by women in decision-making will require an active and practical strategy which can encourage adjustments to existing traditional gender norms that recognise men as the main decision-makers at both the household and community levels.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Effect of Cassava Commercialization on Different Household Income Measurements in Kilifi County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Florence Opondo ◽  
George Owuor ◽  
Patience Mshenga ◽  
Andre Louw ◽  
Daniel Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Switching Regression ◽  
Development Discourse ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Cassava Crop

The transformation of agricultural production from subsistence to commercially oriented outcomes is a topical matter in the rural and socio-economic development discourse. Cassava crop is being promoted for commercialization because of its tolerance to harsh climatic conditions experienced in arid and semi-arid areas. Furthermore, there is high potential for the tuber crop to improve household income. In Kenya, a number of interventions have been directed towards commercializing cassava. The effect of commercialization on household income has not been established. Distinct from other studies, this study estimated the effect of cassava commercialization on three different income measures namely per capita, annual and per acre revenue. A household survey was conducted in Kilifi County in Kenya where 200 respondents were randomly selected. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. A two-stage endogenous switching regression model was fitted to determine the effect of commercialization on the different income measures. The proportion of households that commercialized was 69% while the remaining 31% did not. The study found that majority of the households marketed low value-added cassava products. The results reveal that farmers who engaged in cassava commercialization enjoyed relatively more income than their counterparts. Off-farm income, age of the household head and distance to market had a negative significant influence in all the income estimates. Group membership was only significant for the per acre income while household size was negative and statistically significant in both per acre and per capita incomes. Findings point out the importance of promoting policies that will enhance cassava commercialization.

Socio-economic and environmental barriers to increased agricultural production: New evidence from central Thailand

2020 ◽  
pp. 003072702096736
Author(s):  
Chidchanok Apipoonyanon ◽  
Sylvia Szabo ◽  
Takuji W Tsusaka ◽  
Kevin Leeson ◽  
Endro Gunawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Farm Type ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Female Headed Households

Thailand’s agricultural production has played a major role in enhancing the sustainability of domestic food supplies and successful international exports. However, agricultural production and farm productivity remain relatively low, especially in rapidly ageing high out-migration areas and among small-scale farmers. In this study, we use new household survey data from Prachinburi Province to examine the probability of facing six specific barriers to agricultural production. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and a series of logistic regressions to identify the determinants. The results show that age of household head, off-farm income, farm size, and farm type were all associated with the likelihood of different productivity barriers. Gender of household heads was found to be associated with the probability of farm labour shortage, with female-headed households being at a disadvantage. We recommend that policies should be formulated to address these significant factors in order to overcome or circumvent the different barriers and enhance the livelihoods of the local population.

scholarly journals Determinants of Women's Decision-Making Power in Pest and Disease Management: Evidence From Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Okonya ◽  
Netsayi N. Mudege ◽  
John N. Nyaga ◽  
Wellington Jogo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
Management Interventions

Using quantitative data from a household survey carried out in Rubanda district, Southwestern Uganda among smallholder farmers of potato, this paper examines determinants of intra-household decision-making of women in relation to pest and disease management in a cropping season. Pests and diseases cause significant crop losses and contribute to household food insecurity in most of sub-Saharan Africa. Their management is therefore key in enhancing food security. While there are many pest and disease management practises, little is known about women's autonomy in decision-making on this topic. The survey collected quantitative data from 260 households (130 men and 130 women). To get a more accurate proxy for decision-making power, a weighted index and linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between decision-making power of women in pest and disease management and socio-demographic characteristics. We found that farming experience, use of hired labour and membership to a farmers group, were positively associated with woman's autonomy in decision-making during pest and disease management. Our data also show that higher levels of education, farm income and age consistently improve women authority. The implications of the study are that, women should equally be targeted during pest and disease management interventions such as training.

Couple Roles in Subdecisions on Family Vacations

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
María-Mercedes Rojas-de-Gracia ◽  
Pilar Alarcón-Urbistondo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Women's Work ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Work Situation ◽  
Joint Decision ◽  
Women’S Work ◽  
Purchase Process

This article studies the roles within couples, the main decision makers in family vacations, for each of the subdecisions into which the purchase process can be divided. This implies not only identifying the role played by each member of the couple in each subdecision but also determining the variables behind whether the man, the woman, or both jointly, have the greatest influence in each case. To this end, the use of 375 sets of questionnaires completed by each partner separately provided greater validity and reliability than other studies that have depended on only one answer per couple. The results show that vacations tend to follow a joint decision-making process, except for when it comes to searching for information, which is done autonomously by either partner. Women’s work situation and differences in education level within the couple are the variables that best explain how couples make decisions when purchasing family vacations.

scholarly journals Gender-based Decision Making in Marketing Channel Choice – Evidence of Maize Supply Chains in Southern Ethiopia

Human Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girma Gezimu Gebre ◽  
Hiroshi Isoda ◽  
Yuichiro Amekawa ◽  
Dil Bahadur Rahut ◽  
Hisako Nomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Marketing Channel ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Joint Decision ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Storage Facilities

AbstractWe examine factors affecting the choice of marketing channels for maize among male, female, and joint decision-making farm households using data from households in Dawuro zone, southern Ethiopia. Econometric results suggest that female and joint decision-makers are more likely to sell maize to consumers or retailers in the main local market where the maize price is higher than to wholesale merchants directly from the farm. Individual decision-makers (male or female) who grow improved maize varieties are more likely to sell to wholesalers directly from the farm. This may be an indication of the effectiveness of joint decisions over individual decisions related to the market price. We also found that improved maize varieties distributed to farmers in the study area are of poor quality and that there is a lack of modern storage facilities so that farmers have to sell immediately after harvest during the lower price season. Thus, there is a need for policies promoting the distribution of high-quality maize seeds and encouraging investments in the establishment of modern maize storage facilities in the study area.

Determinants of Off-Farm Labour Participation and Time Allocation: Double-Hurdle Results in the Case of Fiji

2021 ◽  
pp. 101852912110274
Author(s):  
Zhongwei Xing ◽  
Rukmani Gounder
Keyword(s):  
Time Allocation ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Joint Decision ◽  
The Family ◽  
Labour Participation ◽  
Double Hurdle ◽  
Participation Decisions ◽  
Allocation Decisions

This study analyses the determinants of off-farm labour participation decisions of the agricultural households in Fiji. The analysis of joint decision to participate and the amount of time allocated to work is undertaken by using the double-hurdle model based on the Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2008–2009. The results show that household head status, age, marital status, ethnicity and education influence off-farm participation decisions of the farm households. On the households’ time allocation decisions towards off-farm income-generating activities, the family size, remittances, income and several types of agricultural outputs influence the labour supply decisions. These households and farm characteristics are important in creating better returns, reducing risks from land constraints and natural disasters, managing income and consumption uncertainties and providing quality farm inputs. The results highlight some important policy implications that would help address low agricultural productivity and render increased support for off-farm income earning activities.

scholarly journals Constraints in Livestock Development Programmes, Experiences from the Kaonafatso ya Dikgomo (KyD) Scheme in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Saul Ngarava ◽  
Abbyssinia Mushunje ◽  
Simbarashe Tatsvarei ◽  
Peter Mukarumbwa ◽  
Ebenezer Megbowon
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Sense Of Ownership ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Livestock Development

The study identified constraints faced in a livestock development programme and their determinants. The study utilised a questionnaire, administered purposively on farmer field days in November, 2017, through a cross sectional survey of KyD scheme participants from KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa, with a purposive sample of 164 respondents from 3 locations. The data was analysed through descriptive statistics, Likert scale and binary logistic regression. The results show that the constraints faced include lack of sense of ownership, information, extension commitment and lack of leadership. Furthermore, lack of sense of ownership was determined by access to veterinary services, experience in rearing cattle, land tenure and the decision maker. Determinants of commitment of extension worker constraint were gender of household-head as well as the decision maker, whilst for lack of information were monthly off-farm income, land tenure, decision maker as well as source of income. Conclusions reached include overreliance on scheme services, and complexities in decision making having bearing on the constraints faced in the KyD scheme. The study recommends incorporating indigenous knowledge systems which have tier effect of increasing access to services, farmer’s participation and decision making, also taking advantage of the relationships with extension services to enhance effective information dissemination.

Decision making based on intuitionistic fuzzy preference relations with additive approximate consistency

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 4041-4058
Author(s):  
Fang Liu ◽  
Xu Tan ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
Hui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Real Interval ◽  
Preference Relations ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Fuzzy Preference Relations ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Fuzzy Weights ◽  
Fuzzy Preference

Intuitionistic fuzzy preference relations (IFPRs) have the natural ability to reflect the positive, the negative and the non-determinative judgements of decision makers. A decision making model is proposed by considering the inherent property of IFPRs in this study, where the main novelty comes with the introduction of the concept of additive approximate consistency. First, the consistency definitions of IFPRs are reviewed and the underlying ideas are analyzed. Second, by considering the allocation of the non-determinacy degree of decision makers’ opinions, the novel concept of approximate consistency for IFPRs is proposed. Then the additive approximate consistency of IFPRs is defined and the properties are studied. Third, the priorities of alternatives are derived from IFPRs with additive approximate consistency by considering the effects of the permutations of alternatives and the allocation of the non-determinacy degree. The rankings of alternatives based on real, interval and intuitionistic fuzzy weights are investigated, respectively. Finally, some comparisons are reported by carrying out numerical examples to show the novelty and advantage of the proposed model. It is found that the proposed model can offer various decision schemes due to the allocation of the non-determinacy degree of IFPRs.

strategi dalam pengambilan keputusan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suci Handayani Handayani ◽  
Hade Afriansyah
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Imperfect Information ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Administrative Process ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Information Time ◽  
Complex Matter ◽  
General Individuals

Decision making is one element of economic value, especially in the era of globalization, and if it is not acceptable in the decision making process, we will be left behind. According to Robins, (2003: 173), Salusu, (2000: 47), and Razik and Swanson, (1995: 476) say that decision making can be interpreted as a process of choosing a number of alternatives, how to act in accordance with concepts, or rules in solving problems to achieve individual or group goals that have been formulated using a number of specific techniques, approaches and methods and achieve optimal levels of acceptance.Decision making in organizations whether a decision is made for a person or group, the nature of the decision is often determined by rules, policies, prescribed, instructions that have been derived or practices that apply. To understand decision making within the organization it is useful to view decision making as part of the overall administrative process. In general, individuals tend to use simple strategies, even if in any complex matter, to get the desired solution, because the solution is limited by imperfect information, time and costs, limited thinking and psychological stress experienced by decision makers.

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