scholarly journals Housing Indicators for Sustainable Cities in Middle-Income Countries through the Residential Urban Environment Recognized Using Single-Family Housing Rating Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Saldaña-Márquez ◽  
Diana Gámez-García ◽  
José Gómez-Soberón ◽  
Susana Arredondo-Rea ◽  
Ramón Corral-Higuera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Sustainable Cities ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Rating Systems ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Family Housing ◽  
Sustainable Indicators

This study presents a comparative analysis of the housing indicators used by the single-family housing rating systems (SHRSs), in which the residential urban environment (RUE) influences buildings’ certification scores, emphasizing the relationships of six systems developed by middle-income countries (MICs)—BEST, CASA, GBI, BERDE, Green Homes, and LOTUS—and the two most-recognized rating systems, BREEAM and LEED. The aim is to provide new housing indicators that are capable of bringing the concept of sustainability into the cities of MICs. The results reveal that the percentage of influence that single-family housing (SFH) can achieve in the metric established by each system is relatively low. However, considering all of the identified indicators, this influence could increase to 53.16% of the total score in multi-criteria evaluations. Furthermore, a significant lack of indicators for mandatory criteria evaluations was found, with CASA being the only system that considers their inclusion. This paper identifies 37 indicators for multi-criteria assessments and two for mandatory-criteria assessments, providing new perspectives on several topics. Furthermore, the methodology established to obtain the indicators could be useful for other researchers in the identification of new sustainable indicators.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Health and Economic Growth Nexus: A Case Study of Bangladesh, India and Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muska Nazir, Dr. Ahmed Farhan Saeed, Dr. Sanam Wagma Khattak
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Relationship Of

Health is one of the key factor that determines the growth of an economy. It is the improved health of the labor that can translate into increased output levels, higher level of productivity and efficient utilization of resources. For the study, Pooled OLS regression over the period from 1980-2017 is applied on panel data to find the results of health and economic growth nexus for three lower middle income countries that are Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. For Pakistan, Bangladesh and India, their statistics provides further support to existing literature showing a significant and positive relationship of health with economic growth. Comparing their results, it is found that India’s better health facilities are contributing more towards economic growth as compared to Pakistan and Bangladesh. Therefore, their focus too should be on improvement of health indicators in order to achieve higher economic growth levels.

scholarly journals Fecal sludge management: a comparative analysis of 12 cities

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Peal ◽  
Barbara Evans ◽  
Isabel Blackett ◽  
Peter Hawkins ◽  
Chris Heymans
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Sludge Management ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
Service Chain ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Fecal Sludge ◽  
Key Interventions

This paper outlines the findings of a fecal sludge management (FSM) initial scoping study in 12 cities. This short, desk-based study assesses the institutional context and the outcome in terms of the amount of fecal sludge safely managed in each city. A range of cities was included in the review, all in low- and middle-income countries. None of the cities studied managed fecal sludge effectively, although performance varied. Where cities are seeking to address fecal sludge challenges the solutions are, at best, only partial, with a focus on sewerage which serves a small minority in most cases. FSM requires strong city-level oversight and an enabling environment that drives coordinated actions along the sanitation service chain; this was largely absent in the cities studied. Based on the findings of the review a typology of cities was developed to aid the identification of key interventions to improve FSM service delivery. Additional work is recommended to further improve the tools used in this study in order to enable better understanding of the FSM challenges and identify appropriate operational solutions.

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