scholarly journals Energy and Environmental Flows: Do Most Financialised Countries within the Mediterranean Area Export Unsustainability?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 3736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Vozzella ◽  
Franco Ruzzenenti ◽  
Giampaolo Gabbi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Flows ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
The North ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Southern Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Polluting Emissions

The literature dedicated to the problems of transboundary pollution often aims to verify what the environmental and energy interactions between countries are. Little attention is paid to the financial relations of the phenomenon. We analyze how financial, environmental and energy flows have been redistributed within the main Mediterranean countries, with particular reference to pollution. Applying advanced methods of correlation, we verify the dynamics of transfer processes with the aim of assessing whether the link between economic and financial and environmental flows might support the hypothesis that rich countries export environmental emissions to poor ones. Our results show that richer countries have a significant propensity to export energy, financial flows and polluting emissions. The imbalance is even greater for emissions with local impact. This process is accompanied by a substantial increase in the financial activities of the North Mediterranean countries to the detriment of those of the South, which progressively increase their indebtedness. We find out that the economic and financial development of the North Med is accompanied by an increasing environmental impact measured by the various types of emissions covered by our study. The research shows how the most industrialized countries of the Mediterranean area are increasing the economic and financial gap with respect to the Southern Mediterranean countries.

scholarly journals Competition Policy in the Southern Mediterranean Countries

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Geradin ◽  
Nicolas Petit
Keyword(s):  
Competition Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
Southern Mediterranean ◽  
Competition Rules ◽  
The Mediterranean

The main objective of this paper is to examine the state of adoption and implementation of competition rules in the 12 Southern Mediterranean countries (the "Mediterranean Partners") engaged in association agreements with the EC in the framework of the Barcelona Declaration of November 1995.

An ICT-Based Network of Competence Centres for Developing Intellectual Capital in the Mediterranean Area

2011 ◽  
pp. 2380-2397
Author(s):  
Marco De Maggio ◽  
Pasquale Del Vecchio ◽  
Gianluca Elia ◽  
Francesca Grippa
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Fast Diffusion ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Intellectual Assets ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Access To Knowledge

The rising of the knowledge economy, enhanced by the fast diffusion of ICTs, drives a wider perspective on the divide among Countries, interpreting it more and more as the result of an asymmetry in the access to knowledge and in the readiness to apply it in order to renew the basics of their development dynamics. Looking at the Mediterranean Area, the positive correlation between the Networked Readiness Index and the Global Competitive Index developed at Global Economic Forum – INSEAD, shows that the opposite sides of the Mediterranean Sea are performing a development path at two different paces. In the effort to face the challenge of supporting the creation of Intellectual Capital able to apply, diffuse and benefit from e-business, in 2005 the e-Business Management Section (eBMS) of Scuola Superiore ISUFI – University of Salento launched the “Mediterranean School of e-Business Management”. The present work aims to offer a presentation of its genesis, its most distinctive features, operational model and action plan. The preliminary results of its activities show the role and the main challenges of the School in addressing the needs of the Mediterranean Countries towards a logic of partnership for the development of their Intellectual assets.

Coastal climatology of the North-Western Mediterranean area for long-term and short-term risk assessment.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Brandini ◽  
Stefano Taddei ◽  
Valentina Vannucchi ◽  
Michele Bendoni ◽  
Bartolomeo Doronzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The North ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
North Western

<p>In this work we present the results obtained through a dynamic downscaling of the ERA5 reanalysis dataset (hindcast) of ECMWF, using high-resolution meteorological and wave models defined on unstructured computation grids along the Mediterranean coasts, with a particular focus on the North-Western Mediterranean area. Downscaling of the ERA5 meteorological data is obtained through the BOLAM and MOLOCH models (up to a resolution of 2.5 km) which force an unstructured WW3 model with a resolution of up to 500 m along the coast. Models were validated through available meteorological stations, wave buoy data and X-band wave radars, the latter for the purposes of wave spectra validation.</p><p>On the one hand, this allowed, by extracting the time series of some attack parameters of the waves along the coast, and according to the type of coast (rocky coasts, sandy coasts, coastal structures etc.), to compute the return periods and to characterize the impact of any individual storm. On the other hand, it is possible to highlight some trends observed in the last 30 years, during which recent research is showing an increasing evidence  of some changes in global circulation at regional to local scales. These changes also include effects of wind rotation, wave regimes, storm surges, wave-induced coastal currents and coastal morphodynamics. For example, in the North-Western Mediterranean extreme events belonging to cyclonic weather-types circulation with stronger S-SE components (like the storm of October 28-30th 2018 and many others), rather than events associated with perturbations of Atlantic origin and zonal circulation, are becoming more frequent. These long-term wind/wave climate trends can have consequences not only in the assessment of long-term risk due to main morphodynamic variations (ie. coastal erosion), but also in the short-term risk assessment.</p><p>This work was funded by the EU MAREGOT project (2017-2020) and ECMWF Special Project spitbran  “Evaluation of coastal climate trends in the Mediterranean area by means of high-resolution and multi-model downscaling of ERA5 reanalysis” (2018-2020).</p>

Environmental Vulnerability to Climate Change in Mediterranean Basin

2017 ◽  
pp. 61-96
Author(s):  
Ahmed Karmaoui
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Environmental Vulnerability ◽  
The North ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Heterogeneous Region

The Mediterranean basin (MB) connects the south with the north and the East (Europe, Africa & Asia).It is a highly heterogeneous region where natural and anthropogenic activities interact in complex ways with climate variability. Climate change (CC) impacts are already defined on the Mediterranean. That is why the time has come to formulate a long-term plan for adaptation to CC of the MB. In this chapter the author aims (i) the assessment of the environmental vulnerability under CC provided in the BM during the last 30 years, (ii) the determination of environmental vulnerability indicators that the author call Major Common Indicators (MCI), and (iii) identification of adaptation strategies based on these indicators. For this analysis the author used the results of the Environmental Vulnerability Index (EVI), developed by SOPAC. In this paper, the author extracted, compiled, compared and analyzed the data of the EVI of 8 selected Mediterranean countries; 4 countries in North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Egypt) and 4 Southern Europe (Spain, France, Italy and Greece).

scholarly journals Population health and Mediterranean diet in southern Mediterranean countries

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (8A) ◽  
pp. 1130-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rekia Belahsen ◽  
Mohamed Rguibi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Mediterranean Population ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Southern Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean

AbstractBackground and objectivesIn recent decades, the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disorders has increased worldwide; the objective here is to describe the situation in southern Mediterranean countries.ResultsData derived from surveys in the region countries showed that in 2002 more than 60% of all deaths in the southern Mediterranean region are attributed to NCDs. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) caused from about 34.3 to 52% of all deaths, making it the major killer among NCDs. In almost all of the southern Mediterranean countries, CVD risk factors increased with age, affected more women and urban area and were significantly associated with obesity. The Mediterranean dietary pattern, generally recognised, as a healthy diet is still the model for southern Mediterranean population; however, following the rapid process of urbanisation, southern Mediterranean populations have changed their lifestyle and food habits and tend to shift from traditional food habit. Indeed, intake trends illustrate the fall in whole-grain intake with a rise in animal sources and vegetable oils. Dietary energy has been steadily increasing by approximately 1000 kcal per capita per day between 1965 and 2000, exceeding per caput energy requirements. Protein and carbohydrate contribution to the energy intake show only small deviations and fat contribution to the energy intake is low, whereas fibre intake is generally low and that of SFA is high. Also, sedentarity appears to play a critical role in the development of body fat and may be a risk indicator for features of metabolic syndrome.ConclusionThe major goal to prevent CVD should begin by preventing obesity through physical exercise and healthy nutrition. The nutritional prevention policy required should encourage population to adhere to the Mediterranean model.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CARBAPENEM RESISTANT KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE INFECTIONS IN MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2016032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corrado Girmenia ◽  
Martina Canichella ◽  
Alessandra Serrao
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
National Level ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Multiresistant Pathogens ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
The Mediterranean

Infections by Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), in particular carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKp), are a significant public health challenge worldwide. Resistance to carbapenems in enterobacteriaceae is linked to different mechanisms, in particular the production of different types of enzymes including KPC, VIM, IMP, NDM, and OXA-48. Despite several attempts to control the spread of these infections at local and national level, epidemiological situation for CRKp had worsened in the last years in the Mediterranean area. The rate and types of CRKp isolates greatly differ in the various Mediterranean countries. KPC-producing K.pneumoniae is diffused particularly in the European countries bordering the Mediterranean sea and is actually endemic in Greece and Italy. On the contrary, OXA-48-producing K.pneumoniae is endemic in Turkey and Malta, and diffused at inter-regional level particularly in some north African and Middle East countries. The spread of these multiresistant pathogens in the world and the Mediterranean countries has been related to various epidemiological factors including the international transfer of patients coming from endemic areas. 

scholarly journals Abundance ofSesamia nonagrioides(Lef.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on the Edges of the Mediterranean Basin

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilde Eizaguirre ◽  
Argyro A. Fantinou
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Sesamia Nonagrioides ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Diapause Incidence

Organisms inhabiting seasonal environments are able to synchronize their life cycles with seasonal cycles of biotic and abiotic factors. Diapause, a state of low metabolic activity and developmental arrest, is used by many insect species to cope with adverse conditions.Sesamia nonagrioidesis a serious pest of corn in the Mediterranean regions and Central Africa. It is multivoltine, with two to four generations per year, that overwinters as mature larva in the northern of the Sahara desert. Our purpose was to compare the response of theS. nonagrioidespopulations occurring in the broader circum-Mediterranean area, with particular attention to the diapause period and the different numbers of generations per season. To this end, we tried to determine whether populations in the area differ in their response to photoperiod and whether we can foresee the number of generations in different areas. We present a model for predicting the occurrence of the critical photoperiod according to latitude and temperature and the spread ofS. nonagrioidesin the circum-Mediterranean countries. Responses of populations to short-day length suggest that the spread of the species is associated with a gradual loss of diapause in the southern areas, and that diapause incidence is positively correlated with latitude.

scholarly journals Notes on the adaptation of some phytophagous and predacious mites to various ecological parameters in the Mediterranean countries

Web Ecology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ragusa ◽  
H. Tsolakis
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Predacious Mites ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Ecological Parameters ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract. Notes on the adaptation to various habitats, climatic conditions, life-cycles, dispersion as well as on some morpho-physiological ones of the main phytophagous (Tetranychidae and Eriophyidae) and predaceous (Phytoseiidae) mites typical of the Mediterranean area are reported in the present paper.

Discospirina (Miliolina, Foraminiferida) from the Coral Sea off northeastern Australia: a new record

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. H. Chaproniere
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Anterior Wall ◽  
The North ◽  
Coral Sea ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Mediterranean

Discospirina is a milioline genus previously recorded as fossil only from the Miocene to Pleistocene of the Mediterranean, and is found living in the same area and into the North Atlantic Ocean (Adams, 1959, 1967, 1973; Adams etal., 1983; Radford, 1976). It is readily recognized by its large, fragile, very thin test, with annular chambers surrounding a coiled initial stage; the concentric chambers are subdivided by numerous internal septa that fall short of the anterior wall of each chamber (Adams, 1959). The specimens illustrated by Brady (1884, PI. 65, figs. 6, 7) from the Atlantic Ocean were referred to Discospirina tenuissima by Barker (1960), but Adams (1959) considered this to be a junior synonym for D. italica, giving the species a range from late Miocene to Recent. Adams (1959) noted that there were more septa per annular chamber in the Recent than in the fossil forms from the Mediterranean area, and the Coral Sea forms appear to resemble the Miocene ones in this respect.

scholarly journals Molecular Analysis of the Official Algerian Olive Collection Highlighted a Hotspot of Biodiversity in the Central Mediterranean Basin

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benalia Haddad ◽  
Alessandro Silvestre Gristina ◽  
Francesco Mercati ◽  
Abd Elkader Saadi ◽  
Nassima Aiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Genetic Resources Management ◽  
The Mediterranean

Genetic diversity and population structure studies of local olive germplasm are important to safeguard biodiversity, for genetic resources management and to improve the knowledge on the distribution and evolution patterns of this species. In the present study Algerian olive germplasm was characterized using 16 nuclear (nuSSR) and six chloroplast (cpSSR) microsatellites. Algerian varieties, collected from the National Olive Germplasm Repository (ITAFV), 10 of which had never been genotyped before, were analyzed. Our results highlighted the presence of an exclusive genetic core represented by 13 cultivars located in a mountainous area in the North-East of Algeria, named Little Kabylie. Comparison with published datasets, representative of the Mediterranean genetic background, revealed that the most Algerian varieties showed affinity with Central and Eastern Mediterranean cultivars. Interestingly, cpSSR phylogenetic analysis supported results from nuSSRs, highlighting similarities between Algerian germplasm and wild olives from Greece, Italy, Spain and Morocco. This study sheds light on the genetic relationship of Algerian and Mediterranean olive germplasm suggesting possible events of secondary domestication and/or crossing and hybridization across the Mediterranean area. Our findings revealed a distinctive genetic background for cultivars from Little Kabylie and support the increasing awareness that North Africa represents a hotspot of diversity for crop varieties and crop wild relative species.

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