scholarly journals Strengthening Food Security Near the Arctic Circle: Case Study of Fairbanks North Star Borough, Alaska

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Orttung ◽  
James Powell ◽  
James Fox ◽  
Claire Franco
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Circle ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Public Input ◽  
Community Stakeholders ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
High Level

Reliable food supply is a central concern for residents of cities located in remote locations with extreme climate conditions. The purpose of this article is to examine how stake-holders in such northern cities ensure a high level of food security. We examine a case study of the Fairbanks North Star Borough, Alaska, which is located in the interior of the state near the Arctic Circle. Borough policymakers are seeking to address community concerns through a collaborative, multi-stakeholder process of working with local farmers, distributors, consumers, activists, and academics. We examine the effectiveness of this process through participant-observation and process tracing of the initial results of the newly established Fairbanks North Star Borough sustainability commission. The new commission has adopted a sustainability plan drawing upon the input of community stakeholders, but it remains to be seen how the plan will be implemented and if it will meet the needs of diverse groups within the community. This analysis makes a contribution by examining the hypothesis that university-based teams and public input can improve public policy outputs in the area of food security by organizing their work around a focus on data. Specifically, the article examines the most effective mechanisms for collaboration among academics and policymakers to incorporate public input into food security policies.

scholarly journals Actionable Principles for Artificial Intelligence Policy: Three Pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Stix
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Expert Group ◽  
Governmental Policy ◽  
Ai Ethics ◽  
Ethics Guidelines ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
High Level

AbstractIn the development of governmental policy for artificial intelligence (AI) that is informed by ethics, one avenue currently pursued is that of drawing on “AI Ethics Principles”. However, these AI Ethics Principles often fail to be actioned in governmental policy. This paper proposes a novel framework for the development of ‘Actionable Principles for AI’. The approach acknowledges the relevance of AI Ethics Principles and homes in on methodological elements to increase their practical implementability in policy processes. As a case study, elements are extracted from the development process of the Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI of the European Commission’s “High Level Expert Group on AI”. Subsequently, these elements are expanded on and evaluated in light of their ability to contribute to a prototype framework for the development of 'Actionable Principles for AI'. The paper proposes the following three propositions for the formation of such a prototype framework: (1) preliminary landscape assessments; (2) multi-stakeholder participation and cross-sectoral feedback; and, (3) mechanisms to support implementation and operationalizability.

Enhancing the Resilience of Electricity Networks by Multi-stakeholder Risk Assessment: The Case Study of Adverse Winter Weather in Finland

2016 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 1650016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riitta Molarius ◽  
Minna Räikkönen ◽  
Kim Forssén ◽  
Kari Mäki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Winter Weather ◽  
Electricity Networks ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
High Level

Electricity networks in Finland are subject to adverse winter weather, particularly a combination of heavy snowfall with strong winds, causing electricity outages especially in the rural areas. The severe consequences of such events require that electricity distributors and the entire network of stakeholders establish a proactive risk management for achieving enhanced situational awareness during adverse weather events, efficient and effective recovering after electricity outage as well as improved preparedness against future events. This paper shows how a risk assessment performed with an Action Error Analysis (AEA) were conducted in order to enhance the resilience of electricity networks against adverse winter weather. This also encompassed an assessment of co-operation and communication structures about such risks. Adverse winter weather that took place in Pirkanmaa, in South-West Finland in November 2015, serves as a case study and laboratory for the assessments. The results of the AEA underscore the importance of co-operation and communication-related challenges that electricity distributors, rescue authorities and municipalities face in maintaining and obtaining a high level of resilience of electricity networks during and after heavy snowfalls. Against this background, novel ways and measures related to co-operation and communication of stakeholders to improve the resilience of electricity networks against future events are discussed.

scholarly journals Strategies for Sustaining Complex Partnerships

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Nichols ◽  
Stephen Gaetz
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Knowledge Mobilization ◽  
Policy Practice ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

This article details the role that networks play in the creation and implementation of a comprehensive knowledge mobilization strategy. Using the activities of the Canadian Homelessness Research Network (CHRN) as a case study, the authors draw on in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis to understand how the interactivity cultivated in a multi-stakeholder partnership can increase the impact of research on policy, practice, public opinion, and, in this case, the lived experiences of people who are homeless. The article details the diverse activities of the CHRN (e.g., its methodologies, processes, and tools), highlighting the tension points, successes, and failures of particular approaches. Findings bring into view a) the CHRN’s role as a central connecting node, linking multiple and diverse individuals, institutions, and other networks; b) relations of reciprocity, which support ongoing interactivity between network members; and c) the changes (e.g., in research use) that network activities have influenced. Data suggest that the use of research evidence to co-produce “useable content” is a key indicator of network productivity.

Special Legume-Based Food as a Solution to Food and Nutrition Insecurity Problem in the Arctic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1233-1255
Author(s):  
Anna Veber ◽  
Svetlana Leonova ◽  
Nina Kazydub ◽  
Inna Simakova ◽  
Liudmila Nadtochii
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
National Level ◽  
Food Products ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
The People ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Imported Food ◽  
Increasing Demand

Amid the progressing growth in the world's population, changing climate conditions, and increasing demand, food production transforms to ensure food security for the mankind. On the national level, the concept of food security is defined as an economic and agro-industrial capacity of a country, which allows the people consuming environmentally friendly and healthy food products on a continuing basis, at reasonable prices, and above the scientifically based nutrition threshold. In circumpolar territories, the people are especially vulnerable to food and nutrition insecurity due to a number of reasons, including severe climate, underdevelopment of local agricultural production, heavy reliance on imported food, higher nutrition requirements, among others. This chapter discusses the potential of legume-based food products to contribute to the improvement of food and nutrition security in northern communities.

scholarly journals Discovery of the skull ofStephanorhinus kirchbergensis(Jäger, 1839) above the Arctic Circle

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina V. Kirillova ◽  
Olga F. Chernova ◽  
Jan van der Made ◽  
Vladimir V. Kukarskih ◽  
Beth Shapiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Circle ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Stage ◽  
Microwear Analysis ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Open Woodland

AbstractThe skull of the extinct rhinocerosStephanorhinus kirchbergensis(Jäger, 1839) was discovered in the Chondon River valley (Arctic Yakutia, Russia) during the summer of 2014. This is the first find ofStephanorhinusabove the Arctic Circle, expanding significantly the known geographic range of the genus.14C dating and geologic evidence indicate that the skull dates to between 48,000 and 70,000 yr, corresponding to Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 4/3. It is thus among the latest records of this species. To explore the evolutionary and natural history of this relatively unknown animal, we performed morphological, dietary, and genetic analyses. Phylogenetic inference based on a complete mitochondrial genome sequence confirms the systematic placement ofStephanorhinusas most closely related to the extinct woolly rhinoceros,Coelodonta. Food remains in the fossas of the cheek teeth, identified asLarix,Vaccinium,Betulasp.,Aulacomnium, and dicotyledonous herbs and grasses, suggest a mixed feeder’s diet. Microwear analysis suggests that, during the last months of its life, this individual fed predominantly on leaves and twigs. The habitat ofStephanorhinuscomprised grassland and open woodland that were characterized by moist and cold climate conditions, similar to those in the region today.

scholarly journals Practice Change in Community Pharmacy: A Case Study of Multiple Stakeholders' Perspectives

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shara Elrod ◽  
Margie E. Snyder ◽  
Deanne Hall ◽  
Melissa A. Somma McGivney ◽  
Randall B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Practice Change ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Community Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Multi Stakeholder

Objective: To obtain a multi-stakeholder perspective of community pharmacy practice change. Design: Qualitative study. Setting: Community pharmacy in rural Mississippi. Participants: Fourteen key stakeholders of the patient care practice including pharmacists (n=4), support staff (n=2), collaborating providers (n=4), patients (n=3), and a payer (n=1). Intervention: Semi-structured interviews and participant-observation techniques were used. Main outcome measures: Description of the community pharmacy's practice and business model and identification of practice change facilitators. Results: Change facilitators for this practice included: a positive reputation in the community, forming solid relationships with providers, and convenience of patient services. Communication in and outside of the practice, adequate reimbursement, and resource allocation were identified as challenges. Conclusions: This case study is a multi-stakeholder examination of community pharmacy practice change and readers are provided with a real-world example of a community pharmacy's successful establishment of a patient care practice.   Type: Case Study

Special Legume-Based Food as a Solution to Food and Nutrition Insecurity Problem in the Arctic

2019 ◽  
pp. 570-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Veber ◽  
Svetlana Leonova ◽  
Nina Kazydub ◽  
Inna Simakova ◽  
Liudmila Nadtochii
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
National Level ◽  
Food Products ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
The People ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Imported Food ◽  
Increasing Demand

Amid the progressing growth in the world's population, changing climate conditions, and increasing demand, food production transforms to ensure food security for the mankind. On the national level, the concept of food security is defined as an economic and agro-industrial capacity of a country, which allows the people consuming environmentally friendly and healthy food products on a continuing basis, at reasonable prices, and above the scientifically based nutrition threshold. In circumpolar territories, the people are especially vulnerable to food and nutrition insecurity due to a number of reasons, including severe climate, underdevelopment of local agricultural production, heavy reliance on imported food, higher nutrition requirements, among others. This chapter discusses the potential of legume-based food products to contribute to the improvement of food and nutrition security in northern communities.

scholarly journals Morphological features, productivity and pollution state of abandoned agricultural soils in the Russian Arctic (Yamal Region)

One Ecosystem ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timur Nizamutdinov ◽  
Evgeny Abakumov ◽  
Evgeniya Morgun
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Essential Contribution ◽  
High Level

Recently, questions about the return of the concept of Arctic agriculture in order to promote sustainable development of the northern regions and ensure food security have been raised more often. The re-involvement of previously-used and abandoned soils into agricultural usage can provide an essential contribution for the development of the Arctic regions. We conducted a comprehensive research of soils with different levels of abandonment in the central part of the Yamal Region (Russia) and compared their morphological features, chemical and physical properties, fertile qualities and the level of contamination with heavy and trace metals to background soils of the region. It has been noted that there are no evident features of cryoturbation processes in the profiles of abandoned agricultucal soils and regular changes in the redox regime, as a consequence of the presence of reductimorphic spots in the soil profiles, have been recorded. Soil organic matter (SOM) stock in the topsoil of abandoned soils is estimated as medium and has a similar level to the stocks of total organic matter in the agricultural soils of the Arctic circumpolar region (Norway, Sweden, and Finland). Statistically significant differences in the content of nutrients between abandoned and background soils were recorded which indicates stability of the soil nutritional state during different abandoned states. Particularly notable are the differences between the content of available forms of phosphorus. The results of the study revealed significant differences between soils of various periods of abandonment and the background soils of the Yamal Region. Abandoned soils can be used for ground and greenhouse agriculture, these soils having a high level of fertility and are not limited for use in agriculture by the level of contamination with heavy and trace metals. According to the character of trace metal contamination, abandoned and background soils are evaluated as uncontaminated on the base of Zc and Igeo indices values. Reuse of the previously abandoned soils can undoubtedly become the basis for increasing agricultural production and ensuring food security in the Yamal Region.

Culture Functions for Creating Security Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (37) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Paweł Ostolski
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Security Culture ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
High Level ◽  
Case Study Methods

Background: Publications on the issues of creating security culture are a valuable source of inspiration for research into the functions of culture. However, researchers generate different conclusions. They even suggest interdisciplinary consideration of facts, situations, phenomena and processes that take place in a complex security environment. This article is an answer to the main research question: what are the functions of the elements of culture for creating a security culture? Objectives: The research goal is to indicate selected definitions of culture and to identify the functions of culture for transformational changes in security culture. Moreover, the author, based on his knowledge and experience, gives examples of the implementation of these functions. Methods: The research process required the use of a critical analysis of the content of the literature, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, interpretation, analogy and comparison. Additionally, empirical case study methods and implicit participant observation were used. Results: The article contains selected definitions of culture with its components. The author presented the functions of culture for creating a high level of security culture. Conclusions: The research results show that the security culture is influencing by the following variables: intellectual culture, emotional potential and ethical culture.

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