scholarly journals Discovery of the skull ofStephanorhinus kirchbergensis(Jäger, 1839) above the Arctic Circle

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina V. Kirillova ◽  
Olga F. Chernova ◽  
Jan van der Made ◽  
Vladimir V. Kukarskih ◽  
Beth Shapiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Circle ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Stage ◽  
Microwear Analysis ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Open Woodland

AbstractThe skull of the extinct rhinocerosStephanorhinus kirchbergensis(Jäger, 1839) was discovered in the Chondon River valley (Arctic Yakutia, Russia) during the summer of 2014. This is the first find ofStephanorhinusabove the Arctic Circle, expanding significantly the known geographic range of the genus.14C dating and geologic evidence indicate that the skull dates to between 48,000 and 70,000 yr, corresponding to Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 4/3. It is thus among the latest records of this species. To explore the evolutionary and natural history of this relatively unknown animal, we performed morphological, dietary, and genetic analyses. Phylogenetic inference based on a complete mitochondrial genome sequence confirms the systematic placement ofStephanorhinusas most closely related to the extinct woolly rhinoceros,Coelodonta. Food remains in the fossas of the cheek teeth, identified asLarix,Vaccinium,Betulasp.,Aulacomnium, and dicotyledonous herbs and grasses, suggest a mixed feeder’s diet. Microwear analysis suggests that, during the last months of its life, this individual fed predominantly on leaves and twigs. The habitat ofStephanorhinuscomprised grassland and open woodland that were characterized by moist and cold climate conditions, similar to those in the region today.

The Discovery of Diamonds in Siberia and Other Northern Regions: Explorational, Historical, and Personal Notes

1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří (George) Strnad
Keyword(s):  
White Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Short List ◽  
Ural Mountains ◽  
Arctic Circle ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Somerset Island ◽  
First Time ◽  
Made In

Only four known diamond locations are near and north of the Arctic Circle. What is believed to be the oldest diamond find in this region was made in the gravels of the Pasvik River on the U.S.S.R.-Finland-Norway border. This was followed by the discovery of the northern fields of the Yakutian diamondiferous province in the U.S.S.R. Somerset Island in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and southwestern Greenland conclude this short list. Geographically close to the Arctic but south of the Arctic Circle are the diamond locations on the shore of the Beloye More or White Sea and in the Timan Range (U.S.S.R.), western and eastern Alaska (U.S.A.), and in the Mackenzie Mountains (Canada). Farther south and partly in the Subarctic are locations in the Ural Mountains and Yakutia (U.S.S.R.), as well as in Labrador and Saskatchewan (Canada). While the discoveries in Canada and Greenland belong to our times, the history of the others is hidden in ancient records. For the Yakutian fields, which are of major economic importance and among the world leaders in the production of gem quality diamonds, an ancient reference dating back to 1375 is presented here for the first time.

scholarly journals An evaluation of climate, crustal movement and base level controls on the Middle-Late Pleistocene development of the River Severn, U.K.

2002 ◽  
Vol 81 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Maddy
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Stage ◽  
Base Level

AbstractThe Pleistocene development of the lower Severn valley is recorded in the fluvial sediments of the Mathon and Severn Valley Formations and their relationship to the glacigenic Wolston (Oxygen Isotope Stage 12), Ridgacre (OIS 6) and Stockport (OIS 2) Formations. The most complete stratigraphical record is that of the Severn Valley Formation, which post-dates the Anglian Wolston Formation and comprises a flight of river terraces, the highest of which is c.50 m above the present river. The terrace staircase indicates that the Severn has progressively incised its valley during the post-Anglian period. The terrace sediments are predominantly composed of fluvially deposited sands and gravels, largely the result of deposition in high-energy rivers under cold-climate conditions. Occasionally towards the base of these terrace deposits low-energy fluvial facies are preserved which contain faunal remains and yield geochronology which support their correlation with interglacial conditions. This simple stratigraphy supports a climate-driven model for the timing of terrace aggradation and incision, with the incision mode at its most effective during the cold-warm transitions and the aggradational mode at its most effective during warm-cold climate transitions. The chronology of terrace aggradation in the lower Severn seems to correspond with the Milankovitch lOOka climate cycles. The timing of incision events suggests that base level (eustatic sea-level) changes do not play a significant role i.e. incision occurs as sea-level is rising.Although climate change is significant in governing the timing of incision, the long-term incision of the River Severn appears to be driven by crustal uplift. A long-term incision rate of 0.15 m ka1, calculated using the base of the terrace deposits, is believed to closely equate with the long-term uplift rate. Superimposed on this long-term uplift are periods of complex terrace sequence development resulting from rapid incision during periods of glacio-isostatic rebound, with large incision events reflecting the rebound adjustment to late glacial stage isostatic depression. However, in no case in the Severn valley has glacial encroachment led to enhanced incision, suggesting that there has been no additional uplift resulting from isostatic compensation for glacial erosion.

Age of the Cutler Dam Alloformation (Late Pleistocene), Bonneville Basin, Utah

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darrell S. Kaufman ◽  
Steve L. Forman ◽  
Jordon Bright
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Deep Lake ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Stage ◽  
Infrared Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Glacial Stage ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
Bonneville Basin

AbstractLuminescence geochronology, especially infrared stimulated luminescence analyses on marsh mud, shows that a relatively deep lake reached its peak (∼1340 m above sea level) in the Bonneville basin 59,000±5000 yr ago. The age is consistent with nonfinite 14C ages and with amino acid geochronology on ostracodes. The Cutler Dam Alloformation was deposited during this lake cycle, which, like the subsequent Bonneville lake cycle, appears to have reached its maximum highstand following the peak of a global glacial stage (marine oxygen-isotope stage 4) but at a time when other records from North America show evidence for cold climate and expanded glacier ice.

Late Pleistocene environments in lower Strathspey, Scotland

1994 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian M. Hall ◽  
Graeme Whittington ◽  
Geoffrey A. T. Duller ◽  
Jack Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Glacial History ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Stage ◽  
Sedimentary Sequences ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Glacial Environments

AbstractSedimentary sequences in lower Strathspey provide a record of Late Pleistocene interglacial and glacial environments. After deposition of till and glacifiuvial sediments, probably in Oxygen Isotope Stage 6, a soil developed at Teindland and Redburn which contains downward translocated pollen. This indicates that the earliest vegetation was woodland with grassland openings, Pinus-Alnus at Teindland and Alnus-Corylus at Red Burn. Podzolisation of the soil ended with an influx of sands derived from erosion of the surrounding slopes, at Teindland perhaps a response to extensive burning during a grassland phase. The combined pollen and sedimentary evidence suggests events at the close of an interglacial. Luminescence dates of 79 ± 6 and 67 ± 5 ka for the sands over the soil suggest that the soil developed in Oxygen Isotope Stage 5e. Overlying the soil and sands at Teindland are glacigenic debris flows, perhaps reflecting glaciation during Oxygen Isotope Stage 4. Three, undated, younger till units, with interbedded gravels, also occur in the surrounding area and provide evidence of the complex glacial history of lower Strathspey since Oxygen Isotope Stage 5.

Arctic Travelogues: Conquering the Soviet North

Films on Ice ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Sarkisova
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Film History ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Circle ◽  
Communist State ◽  
Soviet Film ◽  
Indigenous Representation ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

In this chapter Oksana Sarkisova examines the depiction of indigenous peoples in the Soviet Arctic and how these representations have changed in accordance with the ideological narrative of a communist state in the 1920s and the 1930s. Examining films both central to and outside the canon of Soviet film history, such as Dziga Vertov’s A Sixth Part of the World (1926), Vladimir Erofeev’s Beyond the Arctic Circle (1927) and Shneiderov’s Two Oceans (1933), Sarkisova uncovers a little-known history of Arctic indigenous representation, and how these representations fundamentally shifted with the end of Leninism and the beginnings of Stalinism. Sarkisova also explores the profound role played by Polar exploration in the Soviet imaginary during these years, tracing its shifting ideological underpinnings in the process.

scholarly journals THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM IN ELLESMERE ISLAND (NUNAVUT TERRITORY, CANADA

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-14
Author(s):  
Dmitry M. Astanin ◽  
Viktoriya O. Plotnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Geological Structure ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Settlement System ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Functional Zoning ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
Design Proposal

Within the framework of a project aimed at structuring the settlement system in Ellesmere Island (the territory of Nunavut, Canada), we explored the microclimate, topography, geological structure, fauna, available research background and existing infrastructure of the locality. Based on our findings, we have developed natural recreation, environmental, eco-cultural, and tourist recreation frameworks to specify planning characteristics and identified the main planning constraints that determine the geometry of the settlement pattern. An optimal settlement model has been developed for the central-eastern part of Ellesmere Island with the Dobbin-Scorbey Bay conurbation elaborated in detail. A functional zoning concept is suggested for the main conurbation of Ellesmere Island; an individual domed residential cell has been designed. Thus, by simulating an environment designed for comfortable living in extreme cold climate conditions, a design proposal has been developed that would ensure effective settlement patterns in northern areas and solve the problem of uneven population density in Canada and the Arctic as a whole.

scholarly journals Strengthening Food Security Near the Arctic Circle: Case Study of Fairbanks North Star Borough, Alaska

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Orttung ◽  
James Powell ◽  
James Fox ◽  
Claire Franco
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Circle ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Public Input ◽  
Community Stakeholders ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
High Level

Reliable food supply is a central concern for residents of cities located in remote locations with extreme climate conditions. The purpose of this article is to examine how stake-holders in such northern cities ensure a high level of food security. We examine a case study of the Fairbanks North Star Borough, Alaska, which is located in the interior of the state near the Arctic Circle. Borough policymakers are seeking to address community concerns through a collaborative, multi-stakeholder process of working with local farmers, distributors, consumers, activists, and academics. We examine the effectiveness of this process through participant-observation and process tracing of the initial results of the newly established Fairbanks North Star Borough sustainability commission. The new commission has adopted a sustainability plan drawing upon the input of community stakeholders, but it remains to be seen how the plan will be implemented and if it will meet the needs of diverse groups within the community. This analysis makes a contribution by examining the hypothesis that university-based teams and public input can improve public policy outputs in the area of food security by organizing their work around a focus on data. Specifically, the article examines the most effective mechanisms for collaboration among academics and policymakers to incorporate public input into food security policies.

A Well-Ordered Thing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Gordin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Classic Work ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Dmitrii Mendeleev (1834–1907) is a name we recognize, but perhaps only as the creator of the periodic table of elements. Generally, little else has been known about him. This book is an authoritative biography of Mendeleev that draws a multifaceted portrait of his life for the first time. As the book reveals, Mendeleev was not only a luminary in the history of science, he was also an astonishingly wide-ranging political and cultural figure. From his attack on Spiritualism to his failed voyage to the Arctic and his near-mythical hot-air balloon trip, this is the story of an extraordinary maverick. The ideals that shaped his work outside science also led Mendeleev to order the elements and, eventually, to engineer one of the most fascinating scientific developments of the nineteenth century. This book is a classic work that tells the story of one of the world's most important minds.

PERSIAN GARDENS IN COLD AND DRY CLIMATE: A CASE STUDY OF TABRIZ’S HISTORICAL GARDENS

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Ahad Nejad Ebrahimi ◽  
Farnaz Nazarzadeh ◽  
Elnaz Nazarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Natural Substrate ◽  
Garden Design ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
North West ◽  
Special Expertise

Throughout history, gardens and garden designing has been in the attention of Persian architects who had special expertise in the construction of gardens. The appearance of Islam and allegories of paradise taken from that in Koran and Saints’ sayings gave spirituality to garden construction. Climate conditions have also had an important role in this respect but little research has been done about it and most of the investigations have referred to spiritual aspects and forms of garden. The cold and dry climate that has enveloped parts of West and North West of Iran has many gardens with different forms and functions, which have not been paid much attention to by studies done so far. The aim of this paper is to identify the features and specifications of cold and dry climate gardens with an emphasis on Tabriz’s Gardens.  Due to its natural and strategic situation, Tabriz has always been in the attention of governments throughout history; travellers and tourists have mentioned Tabriz as a city that has beautiful gardens. But, the earthquakes and wars have left no remains of those beautiful gardens. This investigation, by a comparative study of the climates in Iran and the effect of those climates on the formation of gardens and garden design, tries to identify the features and characteristics of gardens in cold and dry climate. The method of study is interpretive-historical on the basis of written documents and historic features and field study of existing gardens in this climate. The results show that, with respect to natural substrate, vegetation, the form of water supply, and the general form of the garden; gardens in dry and cold climate are different from gardens in other climates.

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