scholarly journals Adsorption of Paracetamol in Hospital Wastewater Through Activated Carbon Filters

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Macías-García ◽  
Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo ◽  
Juan Pablo Carrasco-Amador ◽  
Raúl Segura-Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Adsorption Mechanism ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Oxygen Groups ◽  
Two Stages

In recent years, pharmaceutical products have been causing a serious environmental problem in hospital wastewater and water purification plants. The elimination of these pollutants is difficult due to their resistance to biological degradation. Paracetamol has been detected in higher concentrations in hospital wastewater than in other buildings. Activated carbons are a good material for removing paracetamol from hospital wastewater. One of the starting materials to obtain activated carbons is kenaf, which is an easy plant to cultivate. To study the elimination of paracetamol from hospital wastewater by activated carbon, the textural and chemical characterization of activated carbon, as well as the kinetic study and the analysis of the paracetamol adsorption mechanism by the adsorbent, have been carried out. The activated carbon samples studied are micro-mesoporous, with high specific surface values. The chemical composition with presence of oxygen groups favours the adsorption process. The adsorption kinetics were adjusted to a pseudo-second order model. The adsorption mechanism followed the intraparticular diffusion model, carried out in two stages: a fast first stage on the surface of the adsorbent and a slow one inside the pore. Based on the kinetic study, the use of this type of carbon is a good application for the removal of paracetamol from hospital wastewater.

scholarly journals Removal of Ni (II) from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris) Seed Stone

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeshwar M. Shrestha ◽  
Margit Varga ◽  
Imre Varga ◽  
Amar P. Yadav ◽  
Bhadra P. Pokharel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Data ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Nickel Adsorption

Activated carbons were prepared from Lapsi seed stone by the treatment with H2SO4 and HNO3 for the removal of Ni (II) ions from aqueous solution. Two activated carbon have been prepared from Lapsi seed stones by treating with conc.H2SO4 and a mixture of H2SO4 and HNO3 in the ratio of 1:1 by weight for removal of Ni(II) ions. Chemical characterization of the resultant activated carbons was studied by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Boehm titration which revealed the presence of oxygen containing surface functional groups like carboxyl, lactones and phenols in the carbons. The optimum pH for nickel adsorption is found to be 5. The adsorption data were better fitted with the Langmuir equations than Freundlich adsorption equation to describe the equilibrium isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity of Ni (II) on the resultant activated carbons was 28.25.8 mg g-1 with H2SO4 and 69.49 mg g-1 with a mixture of H2SO4 and HNO3. The waste material used in the preparation of the activated carbons is inexpensive and readily available. Hence the carbons prepared from Lapsi seed stones can act as potential low cost adsorbents for the removal of Ni (II) from water. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v9i1.10680Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 166–174

scholarly journals Synthesis of activated carbon doped with transition metals for hydrogen storage

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 01016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazlina Ya’aini ◽  
Arjun Pillay A/L Gopala Krishnan ◽  
Adnan Ripin
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Transition Metals ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Hydrogen Adsorption ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Carbon Doped ◽  
Copper Nickel ◽  
Bet Analysis ◽  
Oxygen Groups

Carbon materials with high porosity and surface area such as activated carbons with a combination of metal possess great materials to obtain maximum hydrogen adsorption via the hydrogen spillover effect. The properties of activated carbon doped with metals (copper, nickel and palladium) were studied to evaluate the capacity of hydrogen sorption on the materials. Characteristics of the activated carbon doped with copper (AC-Cu), nickel (AC-Ni) and palladium (AC-Pd) were evaluated using particle density test, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and surface and pore analysis (BET). The performance of hydrogen adsorption of the materials was carried out at different pressures of 50, 100 and 150 psi. Characterization of the materials shows that FTIR spectroscopy manage to detect surface functional groups meanwhile the carbon structure and metal content was determined using XRD. BET analysis shows the presence of oxygen groups was decrease the specific surface area whereas the presence of transition metals had increased the surface area. Hydrogen adsorption test at 150 psi indicates that oxygen groups are not a good adsorption characteristic with only a maximum of 0.39 wt% of hydrogen was adsorbed compared to pristine activated carbon’s 0.42 wt% at 150 psi. The presence of transition metals, copper, nickel and palladium increased the overall hydrogen uptake with 0.52 wt%, 0.44 wt% and 0.62 wt% respectively at 150 psi.

scholarly journals Production and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Coal for Gold Adsorption in Cyanide Solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
Karen L. Martínez-Mendoza ◽  
Juan Manuel Barraza Burgos ◽  
Nilson Marriaga-Cabrales ◽  
Fiderman Machuca-Martinez ◽  
Mariber Barajas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Adsorption Model ◽  
Waste Solution ◽  
Synthetic Solution ◽  
Cyanide Solutions ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Characterization Of Activated Carbon

In this work, activated carbons were produced using coal as raw matter from seven Colombian carboniferous zones. Physical activation was performed in two stages: a carbonization stage with Nitrogen at a temperature of 850 °C and a residence time of 2 h, followed by an activation stage using steam at temperatures of 700 and 850 °C with residence times of 1,5 h and 2,5 h. From the pore volume characterization for the adsorption of gold, two activated carbons from Cundinamarca, obtained at 850 °C (1,5 h), 850 °C (2,5 h), and a commercial carbon (GRC 22) were selected. Gold adsorption tests were performed with those three activated carbons using synthetic aurocyanide solutions and a gold waste solution. The data of the adsorption isotherms were adjusted using the Freundlich adsorption model for the synthetic solution, as well as Langmuir for the waste solution. The results showed that, using a solution of 1 ppm, the activated carbons C-850-2.5 and C- 850-1.5 produced the higher maximum gold loading capacities in the equilibrium (8,7 and 9,3 mg Au/g, respectively) in comparison to the commercial activated carbon (4,7 mg Au/g).  Gold adsorption test using a waste solution (21 ppm of gold) showed that the activated carbon C-850-1.5 had the highest value of adsorption capacity (4,58 mg Au/g) compared to C-850-2.5 (2,95 mgAu /g).

Pharmaceutical removal by the activated carbon process

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Piel ◽  
S. Blondeau ◽  
J. Pérot ◽  
E. Baurès ◽  
O. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Pharmaceutical Removal ◽  
Target Molecules ◽  
Maximum Removal

The adsorption of some major pharmaceutical products (sulfamethoxazole, caffeine, iopromide and carbamazepine) in water was evaluated using four types of activated carbon, three powdered activated carbon (PAC) and one fluidized, coagulated and flocculated activated carbon (FAC) extracted from a Carboplus®P pilot. These substances were the most frequently quantified (in 50% of samples at least) in surface waters of the Vilaine's basin (Brittany, France) during three sampling campaigns. Jar test experiments were carried out in order to assess the removal efficiency of the four activated carbons. Carbamazepine and caffeine were well removed with PAC with a maximum removal rate of 80% whereas it was more difficult for sulfamethoxazole and iopromide with a maximum of 39%. For each molecule, removal rates are clearly dependent on PAC nature. The overall results with FAC are clearly distinguishable from PAC tests with gains of performance on all target molecules (from 80 to >95%).

scholarly journals Physicochemical Properties of Activated Carbon: Their Effect on the Adsorption of Pharmaceutical Compounds and Adsorbate–Adsorbent Interactions

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Bernal ◽  
Liliana Giraldo ◽  
Juan Moreno-Piraján
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compounds ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Adsorption Model ◽  
Immersion Enthalpy ◽  
Polar Groups ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Equilibrium Data

The adsorption of salicylic acid, acetaminophen, and methylparaben (pharmaceutical products derived from phenol) on carbons activated with different surface chemistries was carried out. We evaluated the effect of the physicochemical properties of the adsorbent and adsorbates on the adsorption capacity. A study of the adsorbate–adsorbent interactions via immersion calorimetry in the analytes solutions at different concentrations was included, in addition to the equilibrium data analysis. The results show that the pharmaceutical compounds (2.28–0.71 mmol g−1) have lower adsorption capacities in the activated carbon with the highest content of oxygenated groups (acids), while the activated carbons with amphoteric characteristics increase the capacities of adsorption (2.60–1.38 mmol g−1). This behavior may be associated with the increased affinity between the adsorbent and solvent due to the presence of polar groups, which was corroborated by the high immersion enthalpy value in water (ΔHimmH2O = −66.6 J g−1). The equilibrium data, adjusted to the Freundlich adsorption model, indicated that the heterogeneous adsorption processes involve immersion enthalpy values between −9.42 and −24.3 J g−1.

scholarly journals Preparation of Activated Carbon for the Removal of Pb (II) from Aqueous Solutions

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 94-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeshwar Man Shrestha ◽  
Raja Ram Pradhananga ◽  
Margit Varga ◽  
Imre Varga
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Removal Of Metal Ions

The present study deals with the use of activated carbons prepared from Lapsi seed stone as adsorbents for the removal of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solution. Two series of carbon have been prepared from Lapsi seed stones by treating with conc. H2SO4 and a mixture of H2SO4 and HNO3 in the ratio of 1:1 by weight for removal of metal ions. Chemical characterization of the resultant activated carbon was studied by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Boehm titration which revealed the presence of oxygen containing surface functional groups like carboxylic, lactonic, phenolic in the carbons. The effect of pH and initial metal ion concentration on the adsorption was studied in a batch process mode. The optimum pH for lead adsorption is found to be equal to 5. The adsorption data were better fitted with the Langmuir equations than Freundlich adsorption equation to describe the equilibrium isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity of Pb (II) on the resultant activated carbons was 277.8 mg g-1 with H2SO4 and 423.7 mg g-1 with a mixture of H2SO4 and HNO3. The waste material used in the preparation of the activated carbons is inexpensive and readily available. Hence the carbons prepared from Lapsi seed stones can act as potential low cost adsorbents for the removal of Pb (II) from water. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v28i0.8114 Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 28, 2011 Page: 94-101 Uploaded Date: May 24, 2013

scholarly journals CHLORDECONE ADSORPTION ON FUNCTIONALIZED ACTIVATED CARBONS: COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY AS A TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING THE ADSORPTION PROCESS

Química Nova ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenia Melchor-Rodríguez ◽  
Sarra Gaspard ◽  
Ulises Jáuregui-Haza
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Adsorption Mechanism ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Drinking Water Purification ◽  
Available Information

Chlordecone (CLD) has been used as a pesticide for a long time to control the proliferation of various insects in tropical countries like the French West Indies. CLD was included in 2009 in the list of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by the Stockholm Convention, prohibiting its production and use worldwide. Thus, its removal from water and soils is a sanitary emergency. With the purpose of limiting impregnation of the population by chlordecone in Martinique and Guadeloupe, since 1999 production and drinking water purification installations have been equipped with activated carbon filters without much knowledge on the adsorption mechanism of these pollutants on activated carbons (AC) surface. This article reviews the available information about how functionalized activated carbons can be used for improving the decontamination of polluted with CLD waters. The recent computational investigations about the CLD interactions with functionalized AC by molecular modeling are well-reviewed, considering geometrical and energetic features with the purpose of better understand the adsorption process. Finally, some aspects, trends, and perspectives on using computational tools for understanding the adsorption of CLD on AC and designing more efficient AC are also discussed.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Characterization of Agricultural Residues as Precursors for Activated Carbon Preparation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Antonio Canales Flores ◽  
Francisco Prieto García ◽  
Elena María Otazo Sánchez ◽  
Ana María Bolarín Miró ◽  
Otilio Arturo Acevedo Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Cellulose Decomposition ◽  
Pyrolysis Characteristics ◽  
Barley Husk

Biomass is a promising alternative and renewable energy source that can be transformed into other value-added products such as activated carbon. In this research, barley husk, corn cob and Agave salmiana leaves were characterized to determine their chemical composition and morphology to evaluate their potentiality as precursors of activated carbons. Based on the main composition results obtained, the biomass samples have suitable chemical and physical characteristics to be considered as good precursors of activated carbons, such as carbon contents greater than 40%, ash content less than 10%, moisture content less than 30%, high volatile contents with values from 75 to 80% and a porous and fibrous morphology. The results indicate that the main compositions in the biomass were cellulose and lignin. The cellulose content was more than lignin (15–26%) for the residues selected. Specifically, a-cellulose contents with values from 52% to 79%, β-cellulose contents of 13–44%, γ-cellulose contents less than 11%, and holocellulose contents of 82–83% were determined. The thermal decomposition for the biomass samples proceeded with five stages attributed to the evaporation of some volatile compounds (70–150 ºC), to the degradation of hemicellulose (180–230 ºC), to the cellulose volatilization (250–350 ºC), to the lignin decomposition (380–550 ºC), and to the degradation of complex polymers and inorganic salts, respectively. The stage corresponding to the cellulose decomposition showed rapid mass decreased in the three residues. This results show that the cellulose and lignin content is another important parameter to evaluate the pyrolysis characteristics of a good precursor of activated carbon.

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