scholarly journals The Influence of Attitudes towards Cycling and Walking on Travel Intentions and Actual Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús García ◽  
Rosa Arroyo ◽  
Lidón Mars ◽  
Tomás Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
On Line

The design and implementation of effective transport policies to reduce car use in urban areas requires a deep comprehension of the factors that influence travel behavior. In this context, psychological factors play an important role in explaining travel-related decisions. The purpose of this paper is to present a study on the effects of cognitive, affective and behavioral attitudes towards the use of walking and cycling on both intentions and real use of cars, public transport, bicycles, and walking. The data used was obtained from an on-line survey carried out in 2017. Analyses included reliability and validity of the questionnaire, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and structural equation models. Results indicate that cycling and walking are evaluated differently in terms of feelings of freedom, pleasure, and relaxation. Positive evaluation of elements related to past walking behavior are negatively associated to both the intention to walk and actual walking. Transport policies to encourage cycling should be different from those with the aim of promoting walking. Positive attitudes towards walking are not enough to increase real walking.

scholarly journals Emulating and Evaluating Virtual Remote Laboratories for Cybersecurity

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 3011
Author(s):  
Antonio Robles-Gómez ◽  
Llanos Tobarra ◽  
Rafael Pastor-Vargas ◽  
Roberto Hernández ◽  
Jesús Cano
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction ◽  
On Line ◽  
Ease Of Access

Our society is nowadays evolving towards a digital era, due to the extensive use of computer technologies and their interconnection mechanisms, i.e., social networks, Internet resources, IoT services, etc. This way, new threats and vulnerabilities appear. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity of training students in the topic of cybersecurity, in which practical skills have to be acquired. In distance education, the inclusion of on-line resources for hands-on activities in its curricula is a key step in meeting that need. This work presents several contributions. First, the fundamentals of a virtual remote laboratory hosted in the cloud are detailed. This laboratory is a step forward since the laboratory combines both virtualization and cloud paradigms to dynamically create emulated environments. Second, this laboratory has also been integrated into the practical curricula of a cybersecurity subject, as an additional on-line resource. Third, the students’ traceability, in terms of their interactions with the laboratory, is also analyzed. Psychological TAM/UTAUT factors (perceived usefulness, estimated effort, social influence, attitude, ease of access) that may affect the intention of using the laboratory are analyzed. Fourth, the degree of satisfaction is analyzed with a great impact, since the mean values of these factors are most of them higher than 4 points out of 5. In addition to this, the students’ acceptance of the presented technology is exhaustively studied. Two structural equation models have been hypothesized and validated. Finally, the acceptance of the technology can be concluded as very good in order to be used in other Engineering contexts. In this sense, the calculated statistical values for the improved proposed model are within the expected ranges of reliability (X2 = 0.6, X2/DF = 0.3, GFI = 0.985, CIF = 0.985, RMSEA = 0) by considering the literature.

scholarly journals Validity and calibration of the FFQ used in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 2357-2368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie K Bassett ◽  
Dallas R English ◽  
Michael T Fahey ◽  
Andrew B Forbes ◽  
Lyle C Gurrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study ◽  
Calibration Coefficients

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the reliability and validity of the FFQ administered to participants in the follow-up of the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS), and to provide calibration coefficients.DesignA random sample stratified by country of birth, age, sex and BMI was selected from MCCS participants. Participants completed two FFQ and three 24 h recalls over 1 year. Reliability was evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Validity coefficients (VC) were estimated from structural equation models and calibration coefficients obtained from regression calibration models.SettingAdults born in Australia, Greece or Italy.SubjectsNine hundred and sixty-five participants consented to the study; of these, 459 participants were included in the reliability analyses and 615 in the validity and calibration analyses.ResultsThe FFQ showed good repeatability for twenty-three nutrients with ICC ranging from 0·66 to 0·80 for absolute nutrient intakes for Australian-born and from 0·51 to 0·74 for Greek/Italian-born. For Australian-born, VC ranged from 0·46 (monounsaturated fat) to 0·83 (Ca) for nutrient densities, comparing well with other studies. For Greek/Italian-born, VC were between 0·21 (Na) and 0·64 (riboflavin). Calibration coefficients for nutrient densities ranged from 0·39 (retinol) to 0·74 (Mg) for Australian-born and from 0·18 (Zn) to 0·54 (riboflavin) for Greek/Italian-born.ConclusionsThe FFQ used in the MCCS follow-up study is suitable for estimating energy-adjusted nutrients for Australian-born participants. However, its performance for estimating intakes is poorer for southern European migrants and alternative dietary assessment methods ought to be considered if dietary data are to be measured in similar demographic groups.

scholarly journals Conceptualizing the Factor Structure of Parents’ Math Anxiety and Associations with Children’s Mathematics Skills

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimena Cosso ◽  
Alexa Ellis ◽  
Connor D. O'Rear ◽  
Erica Zippert ◽  
Sara Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Math Anxiety ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Early Numeracy ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Mathematics Skills ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Unidimensional Construct ◽  
Parents Experiences

There is a growing literature examining the association between parents’ math anxiety and children’s mathematics skills. Previous research has considered parents’ math anxiety as a unidimensional construct that primarily focused on parents’ experiences doing mathematics themselves. However, this research did not account for parents’ experiences when doing mathematics with their children. Thus, there were two goals of the present study: 1) to identify the structure of parents’ math anxiety when considering context-dependent situations, and 2) to determine whether parent math anxiety was related to children’s early numeracy skills. We conducted a series of confirmatory factor analyses using a sample of 155 preschool children (M age = 4.20 years, SD = 0.71; 51% female). The best-fitting model of parents’ math anxiety was a bifactor model, suggesting parents’ math anxiety was best conceptualized as a multidimensional construct. However, structural equation models showed parent math anxiety was not a significant predictor of children’s numeracy performance. These findings provide a foundation for understanding parents’ math anxiety as multidimensional and raise questions about potential mechanisms that may explain prior work finding mixed relations between math anxiety and children’s numeracy performance.

Applying the Transtheoretical Model to Ethnically Diverse Women at Risk for HIV

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley A. Gazabon ◽  
Patricia J. Morokoff ◽  
Lisa L. Harlow ◽  
Rose Marie Ward ◽  
Kathryn Quina
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
White Women ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Minority Women

The purpose of this study is to compare the reliability and predictability of transtheoretical model (TTM) constructs when applied to minority and White women at risk for HIV. Participants consisted of 332 women, including Blacks, Asians, Hispanics, Native Americans, other non-Whites, and Whites. The results supported the reliability and validity of the TTM variables for minority women as well as for White women. Hierarchical multiple regressions demonstrated that TTM variables were able to predict over and above demographic variables. Structural equation models indicate strong support for a mediational model in which the pros and cons predict condom stage of change and unprotected sex though the mediation of self-efficacy. This study provides strong support for TTM scales applied to minority as well as White women at risk for HIV. The authors discuss how these variables might be incorporated into interventions aimed at increasing condom use in minority women.

scholarly journals The Implicit Component of Moral Disengagement: Applying the Relational Responding Task to Investigate Its Relationship With Cheating Behavior

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722098429
Author(s):  
R. Fida ◽  
V. Ghezzi ◽  
M. Paciello ◽  
C. Tramontano ◽  
F. Dentale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Measurement Procedure ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Relational Responding ◽  
Implicit Measurement ◽  
Cheating Behavior

This article aims to conceptualize, for the first time, an implicit form of moral disengagement and investigate its role in relation to cheating behavior. In line with the implicit social-cognition models, we argue that the implicit moral disengagement would represent an unintentional, automatic, and less accessible form of the mechanisms bypassing the moral self-regulatory system. We anticipate that in situations implying on-the-spot decisions and where individuals might suffer no consequences for the misconduct, the implicit moral disengagement would predict the actual behavior while the explicit moral disengagement would predict self-reported conduct. The results of three empirical studies provide support for the theorization of an implicit moral disengagement and its assessment through a newly developed implicit measurement procedure using the relational responding task. Results of the structural equation models, including both implicit and explicit moral disengagement, demonstrated that only the implicit one was associated with the actual misconduct.

Using a brief questionnaire to assess the overall perceptions of basketball spectators

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferran Calabuig Moreno ◽  
Josep Crespo Hervás ◽  
Vicente J. Prado-Gascó ◽  
Juan M. Núñez-Pomar
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Validity Indices

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is twofold. The first aim is to obtain a valid and reliable instrument for the holistic analysis of sporting events, and the second is to test a causal model in which future intentions depend on spectators’ perceptions of quality, satisfaction, and value of these events. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 493 spectators of a professional basketball team in the Spanish ACB league responded to a survey to measure the overall performance of the sporting event service. Exploratory factor analysis and further confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation models provides the methodology for testing the reliability and validity of the instrument. Findings – The scales have adequate reliability and validity indices. The path model explains 35.8 percent of the variance in future intentions, 54.0 percent in perceived value, and 49.5 percent in spectators’ satisfaction. Quality proves a better predictor of perceived value than satisfaction. Both perceived value and satisfaction have a similar weight in predicting spectators’ future intentions. The data indicate that quality has an effect on spectators’ future intentions, by altering their perceptions of value and satisfaction. Research limitations/implications – The research findings are somewhat limited, due to the sample consisting entirely of spectators of a single team in the Spanish ACB league. Practical implications – Managers can use these findings to develop loyalty strategies by creating service value and increasing spectators’ satisfaction through quality improvements. Originality/value – This study contributes to the literature on service quality by providing an overall measure to assess service in professional sporting events in a Latin-American context.

scholarly journals Assessing Cognitive and Social Attitudes Toward Environmental Conservation in Coral Reef Social-Ecological Systems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostas Alexandridis
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Us Virgin Islands ◽  
Graded Response ◽  
Multiple Alternative ◽  
Latent Scale

This study addresses the latent construct of attitudes towards environmental conservation based on study participant’s responses. We measured and evaluated the latent scale based on an 18-item scale instrument, over four experimental strata (N=945) in the US Virgin Islands and the Caribbean. We estimated the latent scale reliability and validity. We further fitted multiple alternative two-parameter logistic (2PL) and graded response models (GRM) from Item-Response Theory. We finally constructed and fitted equivalent structural and generalized structural equation models (SEM/GSEM) for the attitudinal latent scale. All scale measures (composite, alpha-based, IRT-based and SEM-based) were consistently and reliably valid measures of the study participants’ latent attitudes toward conservation. We found statistically significant differences among participant’s attributes relating to socio-demographic, physical and core environmental characteristics of participants. We assert that the nature of relationship between cognitive attitudes and individual as well as social behavior related to environmental conservation.

Antecedents of tourists’ solo travel intentions

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Constanza Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Longitudinal Methods

Purpose This study aims to empirically investigate the antecedents of tourists’ intentions to continue solo traveling. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), an extended model on solo travel intentions is developed that incorporates variables related to past solo travel experiences, namely, tourist satisfaction, pleasure and self-development. An online survey was applied to 187 solo tourists from different countries. Hypotheses were tested with structural equation modeling. Findings All the variables, except for subjective norms, are significant predictors of tourists’ intentions to continue solo traveling. Results confirm a good explanatory power of the extended TPB model. Research limitations/implications Caution must be exercised with the results as tourists’ actual solo travel behavior may differ from their intentions. Future research may investigate tourists’ actual behavior by using longitudinal methods and include additional demographic variables as antecedents. Originality/value This study empirically investigated the antecedents of tourists’ intentions to continue solo traveling – an under-researched topic. Previous research is mostly exploratory and largely focuses on female solo travelers.

scholarly journals Improved Representation of the Self-Perception Profile for Children Through Bifactor Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Katrin Arens ◽  
Alexandre J. S. Morin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
The Self ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Hierarchical Nature ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Best Fit

This study illustrates an integrative psychometric framework to investigate two sources of construct-relevant multidimensionality in answers to the Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC). Using a sample of 2,353 German students attending Grades 3 to 6, we contrasted: (a) first-order versus hierarchical and bifactor models to investigate construct-relevant multidimensionality related to the hierarchical nature of multidimensional self-conceptions and (b) confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and exploratory structural equation models (ESEM) to investigate construct-relevant multidimensionality related to the assessment of conceptually related constructs. The bifactor-ESEM solution provided the best fit, suggesting the presence of both sources of construct-relevant psychometric multidimensionality. The results supported measurement invariance of the SPPC across gender and grade level and showed latent mean differences mostly supporting results from previous research.

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