scholarly journals Sustainable Infrastructure in Conflict Zones: Police Facilities’ Impact on Perception of Safety in Afghan Communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2113
Author(s):  
Rosa T. Affleck ◽  
Kevin Gardner ◽  
Semra Aytur ◽  
Cynthia Carlson ◽  
Curt Grimm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Sustainable Infrastructure ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Human Safety ◽  
Perception Of Safety

The notion of sustainable infrastructure for the delivery of social services is to fulfill basic human needs; in war-torn societies, human safety is a critical basic need. The relationship between sustainable infrastructure development and human safety remains underresearched in Afghan neighborhoods. Therefore, this study examined the effectiveness of the police facilities constructed for stability enhancement in Afghan communities. To do so, this study used Afghans’ polling datasets on the police presence and the public safety perceptions, including newly collected survey data related to the influence of the police facilities on human safety and other factors contributing to the neighborhoods’ well-being. The datasets are organized with a multilevel structure in which different individuals are sampled within neighborhoods and analyzed using a multilevel model approach to capture the randomness of the responses. The results showed that police facilities are more important to perceptions of safety in less safe areas and that Afghans in villages perceived themselves as safer than in urban areas, relative to their own immediate region. Those perceiving themselves as being safer were older, more highly educated, and widowed respondents. Overall, Afghans perceived the police facilities as institutional symbol for promoting improvements and opportunities for fulfilling basic human safety needs.

scholarly journals Sustainable infrastructure in conflict zones : police facilities’ impact on perception of safety in Afghan communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Affleck ◽  
Kevin Gardner ◽  
Semra Aytur ◽  
Cynthia Carlson ◽  
Curt Grimm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Sustainable Infrastructure ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Human Safety ◽  
Perception Of Safety

The notion of sustainable infrastructure for the delivery of social services is to fulfill basic human needs; in war-torn societies, human safety is a critical basic need. The relationship between sustainable infrastructure development and human safety remains under-researched in Afghan neighborhoods. Therefore, this study examined the effectiveness of the police facilities constructed for stability enhancement in Afghan communities. To do so, this study used Afghans’ polling datasets on the police presence and the public safety perceptions, including newly collected survey data related to the influence of the police facilities on human safety and other factors contributing to the neighborhoods’ well-being. The datasets are organized with a multilevel structure in which different individuals are sampled within neighborhoods and analyzed using a multilevel model approach to capture the randomness of the responses. The results showed that police facilities are more important to perceptions of safety in less safe areas and that Afghans in villages perceived themselves as safer than in urban areas, relative to their own immediate region. Those perceiving themselves as being safer were older, more highly educated, and widowed respondents. Overall, Afghans perceived the police facilities as institutional symbol for promoting improvements and opportunities for fulfilling basic human safety need.

scholarly journals Social Progress Index for Urban and Rural Areas of a Region: Evidence from Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-435
Author(s):  
Maylee Inga-Hancco ◽  
Adamari Indigoyen-Porras ◽  
Sergio Parra-Alarcón ◽  
Juan Cerrón-Aliaga ◽  
Wagner Vicente-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
The Social ◽  
Global Organization ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The present study describes the methodological process proposed by the Social Progress Imperative Global Organization to calculate the Social Progress Index in urban and rural areas of the province of Huancayo, Peru, in 2020. The survey was based on 229 observations regarding basic human needs, foundations of well-being and opportunities. The result produced an index of 56.04 for urban areas and 53.98 for rural areas; results that are in the low and low middle range respectively, identifying deficiencies in the quality of economic policies, with respect to the sanitation service, where more than 30% do not have access to drinking water, and others. It was concluded that the index showed no improvement with respect to 2019, likewise the social gaps still persist and the well-being of the aforementioned population was not increased.

Population Levels of Well-Being In a Peri-Urban Area of a Metropolitan Region, A Case Study of Selangor Northern Corridor, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Y. Saleh Et.al
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Socioeconomic Environment ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Study Results

This article seeks to identify the levels of well-being of residents of Selangor Northern Corridor, Lembah Klang-Langat Extended Metropolitan Region (EMR). The study involved 400 respondents consisting of the heads of household in peri-urban areas of Selangor Northern Corridor of Lembah Klang-Langat EMR. Respondents were selected via a simple random sampling method. A 1-5 Likert scale questionnaire was used as a research instrument. Based on the well-being index, a variety of variables involving well-being were listed, although the author of this study used four variables, namely housing, transportation, socioeconomic environment and land use. The housing variable consisted of three sub-variables, comprising area selection, safety and facilities. The transport variable included two sub-variables: public transportation and transportation network. The socioeconomic variables society and economy, while the sub-variables for land use were types of activities and property ownership. The study results indicate that the questionnaire’s reliability level was acceptable as the Cronbach’s alpha value of each variable exceeded 0.8. Transportation and socioeconomic environment stood at high levels, while housing and land use were at moderate levels. These findings demonstrate that the level of some of the community’s well-being was high or moderate due to urban sprawl. This means that humans will adapt to the environment in various ways so that it can accord with human needs.

scholarly journals Blue-Green Smart Mobility Technologies as Readiness for Facing Tomorrow’s Urban Shock toward the World as a Better Place for Living (Case Studies: Songdo and Copenhagen)

Technologies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Hamid Doost Mohammadian ◽  
Fatemeh Rezaie
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wave Theory ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Sustainable Infrastructure ◽  
The World ◽  
Environment Sustainability

Nowadays, we are on the cusp of a future that will face many global challenges and crises, as well as unforeseeable shocks of tomorrow. The rapid growth and development of technology will bring forth exponential change that may challenge and threaten our human psychology. Solutions and policies are needed to deal with today’s challenges, tomorrow’s shocks, and global crises to preserve the world and mankind for the future. In this research, Blue-Green sustainable mobility technologies are introduced as a pathway to create modern sustainable and livable urban areas to tackle these challenges. Clean and inclusive mobility, based on Blue-Green and sustainable infrastructure, low emission greenhouse gases, ubiquitous computing, smartness and digitalization is realized as one of the keys that could make the world a better place for living. This research examines inclusive transportation technology, its indicators and its impacts on creating modern livable urban areas with high a quality of life as a pathway to navigate the cusp of tomorrow. Furthermore, the roles of technology such as Information Technology, Internet of Things, Internet of Business, Internet of Manufacturing, and Internet of Energy as technology tools to develop such mobility is investigated. Literature reviews, surveys, case studies—including Songdo as a ubiquitous city and Copenhagen as a digital and clean city—and revised versions of Kiwi and Kampenhood and BESQoL (built environment sustainability and quality of life) methodologies are the main methods in this study. New concepts of mobility technology and eventuating cultural synergies, as a readiness for facing tomorrow’s world crises with a higher quality of life and well-being by using the 5th wave theory, are discussed.

scholarly journals Constrained Choices? Menstrual Health and Hygiene Needs Among Adolescents in Mumbai Slums

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 12-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arundati Muralidharan
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Menstrual Health ◽  
Women’S Perceptions ◽  
Help Seeking Behaviour ◽  
Culture Of Silence

Menstruation, an essential and healthy biological function, is cloaked in a culture of silence. Sociocultural norms at the family and community level play a pivotal role in shaping how young unmarried women understand and manage their monthly period. Less is known about how unmarried young women living in low-income urban areas in India seek help for their menstrual needs. This qualitative study seeks to understand how young unmarried women (aged 15–24) living in a slum settlement understand menstruation and perceive menstrual problems, and identifies factors that influence their help-seeking behaviour for menstrual needs and problems. It also proposes recommendations for national health programmes addressing menstrual health and hygiene. The findings echo previous research findings emphasising young unmarried women’s low levels of awareness and misconceptions about menstruation. These girls perceived menstrual problems as a key concern, as it significantly interfered with their daily routine and caused emotional distress. Young women’s ability and willingness to seek help to address menstrual needs is influenced by a culture of silence that surrounds menstruation, excessive scrutiny and blaming by the community, and restrictions on their mobility and interactions with peers. The findings underscore the role of mothers as gatekeepers who greatly influence young women’s perceptions of menstruation and menstrual problems and their ability to seek help. Existing interventions need to be expanded to address young women’s need for emotional and social support, and to involve significant gatekeepers such as mothers in promoting the health and well-being of young unmarried women in slum communities. Intervention strategies should be expanded to enhance the capacity of mothers to recognise, understand and address their teenage daughters’ needs for information, emotional support and access to essential clinical and social services.

The Danish SSP model – prevention through support and co-operation

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørgen Pedersen ◽  
Blaine Stothard
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Content Type ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Career Structure ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an outline of the origins, rationale and ways of working of the Danish schools, social services, police (SSP) system. Design/methodology/approach – Narrative account of origins and contexts and discussion of implications for other nations and contribution to knowledge of prevention work. Findings – The SSP system represents an involvement by Danish state institutions in the welfare and development of young people. Practice indicates its broad acceptance by parents, young people and professionals. Recent extension of SSP work is demonstrating some of the limitations of the approach in working with alienated young people. Research limitations/implications – The present SSP system relies on local evaluation and assessment. Wider national and longitudinal evaluation needs further consideration. Practical implications – The need for a career structure and continuing and nationally consistent professional development opportunities was identified in a previous evaluation. Social implications – SSP enjoys broad acceptance amongst parents, young people and professionals in that it provides a universal input into young people’s well-being and social integration. It is proving less successful in work in some urban areas with high levels of alienation amongst older young people. There is also a need for re-statement of confidentiality aspects. Originality/value – The paper provides an insight into and overview of a cross-disciplinary approach to young people’s development and well-being where the state plays a key and accepted role. The rationale is equally relevant to the UK and other countries.

Urbanization and health

2021 ◽  
pp. 497-506
Author(s):  
Jason Corburn
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
First Century ◽  
World City ◽  
The World ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Health And Well Being

A majority the world’s population (4.2 billion) are now living in cities and municipal regions. According to the UN, 55% of the world was living in cities in 2018 and over 68% were expected to live in urban areas by 2050. Urbanization is a dynamic and evolving physical, social, and economic transformation that shapes the health and well-being of populations living in cities and around the world. City living can be healthy, since they can offer more population groups the health benefits of life-supporting infrastructure such as clean water and sanitation, education, and social services, as well as greater cultural, religious, and political expression and freedoms. This chapter briefly reviews the historical debates around the connections between human health and urbanization and highlights some challenges for addressing twenty-first century urbanization. Twenty-first century urbanization presents new challenges for urban health.

Urban Greening and Human-Wildlife Relations in Philadelphia: From Animal Control to Multispecies Coexistence?

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Hunold
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Urban Wildlife ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Urban Greening ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Animal Control

City-scale urban greening is expanding wildlife habitat in previously less hospitable urban areas. Does this transformation also prompt a reckoning with the longstanding idea that cities are places intended to satisfy primarily human needs? I pose this question in the context of one of North America's most ambitious green infrastructure programmes to manage urban runoff: Philadelphia's Green City, Clean Waters. Given that the city's green infrastructure plans have little to say about wildlife, I investigate how wild animals fit into urban greening professionals' conceptions of the urban. I argue that practitioners relate to urban wildlife via three distinctive frames: 1) animal control, 2) public health and 3) biodiversity, and explore the implications of each for peaceful human-wildlife coexistence in 'greened' cities.

Design Intervention Assessment of Urban Public Park for Physical Activity Promotion in Bangkok, Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
Sigit Arifwidodo ◽  
Orana Chandrasiri
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Physical Activity Promotion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Public Park ◽  
Activity Promotion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Design Intervention

Public Park is considered one of the essential settings for physical activity, especially in urban areas. Parks support physical activity through their accessibility, their provision to facilitate active pursuits; their capacity to provide opportunities to a wide range of users; and their semi-permanent nature. The paper explores the design intervention assessment of Benchakitti Park, which serves as the pilot project for active park and showcase during the past ISPAH 2016 conference. The objective of the paper is to understand the health and well-being benefits of an urban park in increasing PA levels of urban population and promoting a healthy and active lifestyle. Keywords: Public park; physical activity; urban landscape design; public health; SOPARC

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