scholarly journals Does Urbanization Improve Industrial Water Consumption Efficiency?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingquan Liu ◽  
Yongqing Li ◽  
Rui Hou ◽  
Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Logical Connection ◽  
Efficiency Gap ◽  
Water Consumption Efficiency ◽  
Consumption Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Economic

Although some studies have focused on the logical connection between industrial water consumption in the industrial economic development (IED) and industrial wastewater treatment (IWT) stages, the master–slave game relationship between these stages has not been considered. This study selected panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2015, divided these provinces into IED- and IWT-dominated regions, and developed a two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model based on the master–slave game relationship between the IED and IWT stages. In addition, a regression model based on the Simar–Wilson approach was constructed to reveal the effects of urbanization on industrial water consumption efficiency. The results show that the industrial water consumption efficiency in China slightly fluctuated from 2011 to 2015, and there was no significant efficiency improvement. The efficiency of the IED stage was generally higher than that of the IWT stage, and the efficiency gap between stages was smaller in IED-dominated regions than in IWT-dominated regions. Urbanization has different effects on industrial water consumption efficiency, and the same factor can have significantly different effects in different regions. Some policy implications are proposed for the different types of regions.

scholarly journals Intermediation Efficiency of Banks in South-East Europe

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Valentin Toci ◽  
Iraj Hashi
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Malmquist Index ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
East Europe ◽  
East European ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Efficiency Gap

By employing non-parametric methods, namely Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Index, this paper investigates efficiency of banks using a database of almost all banks in four countries in South-East Europe. The superior efficiency of foreignowned banks in intermediation is supported. It is argued that the improvement in efficiency of banks originated from the change in technology rather than scale and technical efficiency, and banks on average have not been able to catch-up with best-performers, thus widening the efficiency gap. The largest sources of inefficiency are found to be cost and scale inefficiencies and lending shortfalls. Because of its peculiarities, Kosovo banking sector is assessed relative to other economies. Findings suggest that despite some improvements, the banking system in Kosovo remained less efficient. A number of policy implications emanate from the findings, aiming at enhancing the intermediation efficiency of banks in the context of South-East European transition.

Prediction of urban water demand on the basis of Engel's coefficient and Hoffmann index: case studies in Beijing and Jinan, China

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Zhi-guo ◽  
Shao Yi-sheng ◽  
Xu Zong-xue
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Urban Water Demand ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Demand Models ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Water Uses

Domestic and industrial water uses are the most important segment of urban water consumption. Traditional urban water demand models are usually based on water consumption quotas or statistical relationships, which usually overestimate urban water demands. The efficiency of domestic and industrial water uses is associated with living standards and levels of industrialization. The correlation coefficient between per capita water consumption and Engel's Coefficient in Beijing and Jinan is 0.62 and 0.53, respectively. These values are much smaller than the correlation between added industrial value and the Hoffmann Index in Beijing (0.95) and Jinan (0.90). Demand models for urban water consumption, including a domestic water demand model based on Engel's Coefficient and an industrial water demand model based on the Hoffmann Index, were developed in this study to predict urban water demand in Beijing and Jinan for 2020. The results show that the models can effectively capture the trends of urban water demand. Urban water consumption in these two cities from 1995 to 2007 was used to calibrate the models. The coefficients of determination for residential and industrial water uses were 0.93 and 0.68 in Beijing, and 0.79 and 0.64 in Jinan. Social, economic and climate scenarios for Beijing and Jinan in 2020 were generated according to the Urban Master Plans for these two cities, and they formed the basis for predictions of water consumption in 2020. The results show that total water consumption will increase by 67.6% in Jinan and 33.0% in Beijing when compared with consumption from 2007.

scholarly journals When is it Worth Working for Water? A Utility Maximization Theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Reinagel
Keyword(s):  
Reward Magnitude ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Utility Maximization ◽  
Lamina Terminalis ◽  
Analytic Model ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Behavioral Observations ◽  
Neural Substrate ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractIn nature, amount of work an animal must do to obtain a resource like water depends on conditions in the environment. Conditions change, so it would behoove animals to allocate effort flexibly such that they work enough, but not more than necessary. To study this, we maintained rats in an environment where all water was earned in a task. We varied the reward magnitude and measured voluntary effort and water consumption. The rats did more trials per day when the reward per trial was smaller, yet worked for more water per day when rewards were larger. We propose an analytic model based on utility maximization which can account for these behavioral observations. The model is fit with per-day total work and consumption, but provides insight into the timing of trials and implicates lamina terminalis as a candidate neural substrate.

scholarly journals Process Efficiency Analysis of Selected Automotive Companies in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Kveta Papouskova ◽  
Martin Telecky ◽  
Jiri Cejka
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Ccr Model

The automotive industry has lately been undergoing major changes having a considerable impact on the whole vehicle sector. This does not only refer to what is technologically new on vehicles themselves, but also to the new modern management methods, frequently associated with the Industry 4.0 concept. As well as other companies, car factories are pushing their costs downwards to increase their production efficiency. This paper analyses the economic situation of 5 car manufacturers, two of which having their factories in the Czech Republic and three in Germany. The task was to ascertain efficiency of individual companies in order to propose possible improvements. To do this, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for two models (CCR - model based on Charnes, Cooper & Rhodes and BCC - model based on Banker, Charnes & Cooper) was used. The BCC model was found to be more applicable to the established efficiencies, than the CCR one.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document