scholarly journals Slow Steaming as Part of SECA Compliance Strategies among RoRo and RoPax Shipping Companies

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeeshan Raza ◽  
Johan Woxenius ◽  
Christian Finnsgård
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Compliance Costs ◽  
Slow Steaming ◽  
The North ◽  
The Face ◽  
Mitigating Factor ◽  
The Impact

Many geographically peripheral member states of the EU are critically dependent on short sea Roll-on/Roll-off (RoRo) and mixed freight–passenger (RoPax) shipping services for intra-European trade. The implementation of the Sulfur Emission Control Area (SECA) regulation was expected to raise the operating cost for RoRo and RoPax shipping, and slow steaming was proposed as an immediate solution to save the increased cost. Previous research has investigated the issue of slow steaming and SECA using a quantitative approach. However, the reaction of the RoRo and RoPax shipping firms toward slow steaming as a mitigating factor in the face of expected additional SECA compliance costs using qualitative methodology has not been explored yet. In addition, the knowledge regarding the impact of slow steaming on the competitiveness of short sea RoRo and RoPax with respect to service quality is limited. This article has addressed these issues through the analysis of multiple cases focusing on RoRo and RoPax firms operating in the North and Baltic Seas. Overall, our findings suggest that the 0.1% SECA regulation of 2015 requiring the use of higher-priced MGO has not caused slow steaming in the RoRo and RoPax segments to a large extent. The increased bunker prices are partially transferred to the customers via increased Bunker Adjustment Factor and partly borne by the shipowners. We have found that out of 11 case firms in our study only one RoRo and one RoPax firm have reduced vessel speeds to compensate for the additional SECA compliance costs. We conclude that for RoPax and RoRo segment bunker prices, rigorous competition and, most important, different service quality requirements have significantly restricted the potential implementation of slow steaming.

scholarly journals Interdependance, linkage et système international : de l'analyse conceptuelle aux problèmes de politique étrangère

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-352
Author(s):  
Irnerio Seminatore
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International System ◽  
Political Context ◽  
International Policy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The North ◽  
Interdependence Theory ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact

The emergence and evolution of the literature dealing with interdependence in the international System is looked into. An attempt is made to show its significance and main points as well as its implications. The debates on interdependence within the North-American political context are regarded as solutions to the preceding issues on dependence. Interesting passages are dedicated to the impact of the interdependence theory on the interpretation of the international system, as illustrated by two schools of thought in foreign policy (Kissinger-Brzezinski). Linkage of the tactical and strategic aspects to the economic and political interrelation of international relations, as put forward by policy makers, has brought to the fore the difficulties and limits of negotiation in the face of competition and in the aftermath of confrontation. This paper offers subtle, yet positive, conclusions on the use of the interdependance theory in international policy.

scholarly journals Short-term disturbance by a commercial two-dimensional seismic survey does not lead to long-term displacement of harbour porpoises

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1771) ◽  
pp. 20132001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Thompson ◽  
Kate L. Brookes ◽  
Isla M. Graham ◽  
Tim R. Barton ◽  
Keith Needham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
The North ◽  
Impact Area ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Passive Acoustic ◽  
The Impact

Assessments of the impact of offshore energy developments are constrained because it is not known whether fine-scale behavioural responses to noise lead to broader-scale displacement of protected small cetaceans. We used passive acoustic monitoring and digital aerial surveys to study changes in the occurrence of harbour porpoises across a 2000 km 2 study area during a commercial two-dimensional seismic survey in the North Sea. Acoustic and visual data provided evidence of group responses to airgun noise from the 470 cu inch array over ranges of 5–10 km, at received peak-to-peak sound pressure levels of 165–172 dB re 1 µPa and sound exposure levels (SELs) of 145–151 dB re 1 µPa 2 s −1 . However, animals were typically detected again at affected sites within a few hours, and the level of response declined through the 10 day survey. Overall, acoustic detections decreased significantly during the survey period in the impact area compared with a control area, but this effect was small in relation to natural variation. These results demonstrate that prolonged seismic survey noise did not lead to broader-scale displacement into suboptimal or higher-risk habitats, and suggest that impact assessments should focus on sublethal effects resulting from changes in foraging performance of animals within affected sites.

Victim or Villain: Exploring the Possible Bases of a Defence in the Ongwen Case at the International Criminal Court

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Windell Nortje
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
International Criminal Law ◽  
Child Soldier ◽  
Legal Questions ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One ◽  
Mitigating Factor ◽  
The Impact

The reality of child soldiers who join rebel forces once they reach adulthood presents complex legal questions in the face of contemporary international criminal law principles which, on the one hand, afford protection to all children, and on the other, unequivocally call for the prosecution and punishment of those who are guilty of committing serious crimes. Currently, the case of Dominic Ongwen before the icc raises contentious issues, including whether or not international criminal law permits the consideration of factors, such as the impact of the experiences as a child soldier on future conduct, when he is prosecuted for allegedly committing crimes during adulthood. This article specifically examines whether Ongwen’s experiences as a child soldier could serve as a possible defence and/or as a mitigating factor.

scholarly journals Service Quality of domestic airlines in the face of COVID-19 in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 2061-2171
Author(s):  
Dr Gangaram Biswakarma ◽  
Achyut Gnawali
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
The Face ◽  
Quality Dimensions ◽  
Domestic Airlines ◽  
Domestic Airline ◽  
The Impact

The coronavirus pandemic has turned the aviation industry on its head, transforming the passenger experience drastically. The airlines have faced significant challenges due to both the Covid-19 pandemic, the sequence of lockdowns and the provisions of safety and security legislation. There is more concern about the growing feeling that passengers are aware of the level of service. Airlines not only need to focus on service quality in today's highly competitive air transport environment, but also need to focus more on safety and security issues, especially at the time of the Covid-19 pandemic. The research related to these dimensional studies becomes more important in the COVID-19 scenario. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the impact of service quality dimensions on the overall quality of service of domestic airlines in Nepal in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic. A quantitative methodology with a descriptive and explanatory research design was adopted in the study. A sample of 200 passengers recently travelling after the lockdown and reopening of the domestic airline service has been contacted. Out of which 160 responded to the questionnaire. In the sense of COVID-19 post lockdown operations, the service quality of domestic airlines is affected by various factors. All the likely factors that influence the quality of airlines need to be considered by airlines. Reliability, assurance, tangibility, empathy, and responsiveness are the variables. All these aspects play an important role in providing passengers with a reliable service. The dimensions of reliability, tangibility and responsiveness need to concentrate more on having the standard of service as desired in the sense of COVID-19 by domestic airlines in Nepal. It means that during COVID-19 and similar situations, tangibility must concentrate on the highest level of operation.  

scholarly journals Impact of ship operations aided by voyage optimization on a ship’s fatigue assessment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Lang ◽  
Helong Wang ◽  
Wengang Mao ◽  
Naoki Osawa
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wave Statistics ◽  
Slow Steaming ◽  
The North ◽  
Fatigue Damage Accumulation ◽  
Design Diagram ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In this study, different operation factors affecting a ship’s wave statistics are studied, such as the slow steaming and voyage optimizations. Especially, the impact of various voyage optimization methods on the long-term wave statistics and corresponding fatigue damage during ship operations is investigated by comparing the encountered waves with the design wave scatter diagram. Three years of full-scale measurements from a container ship sailing in the North Atlantic are employed to study the impact, in addition to noon reports from two fleets of container ships and VLCCs. Furthermore, the benefits of using voyage optimizations for minimum fatigue damage accumulation during operation are discussed. The large difference of wave statistics is found when the ship follows routes generated by various optimization methods and the design diagram. For some westbound voyages, the voyage optimization methods can significantly decrease the ship’s fatigue damage accumulations, leading to longer fatigue life.

scholarly journals A educação básica na Venezuela pós-Chavéz: acesso e permanência no contexto da chamada “guerra econômica” (2014-2018)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Francis Mary Guimarães Nogueira ◽  
Bruna da Silva Alves
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
North American ◽  
Education Access ◽  
Us Imperialism ◽  
The North ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Face ◽  
Historical Trajectory ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact

A morte de Chávez, em 2013, impactou na continuidade e manutenção do projeto societário bolivariano. Prenunciou-se, desde então, um novo contexto político-econômico, no qual o atual presidente Nicolás Maduro vem enfrentando ataques estratégicos do imperialismo estadunidense. Diante desse cenário, este artigo, de cunho bibliográfico e documental, pretende observar o impacto e os desdobramentos de algumas ações da chamada “guerra econômica” no acesso à educação básica da Venezuela. Para isso, na primeira seção, apresenta-se brevemente a trajetória histórica e legal de implementação e avanço do sistema educativo bolivariano, com recorte para o programa nacional denominado de Misiones Educativas Bolivarianas, que alavancou os índices de acesso à educação durante os governos Chávez. Em seguida, aborda-se, sumariamente, a conjuntura venezuelana no período pós-Chávez, com o intuito de entender como os aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos, referentes ao acesso e permanência na educação básica, foram impactados a partir da penetração e interferência norte-americana na estrutura político-social e econômica venezuelana. Apesar de o governo de Nicolás Maduro ter buscado medidas de enfrentamento aos ataques norte-americanos para atenuar as consequências do embargo econômico, a educação básica já apresenta sinais de que tem sido afetada, vertiginosamente, em um curto período de tempo.Palavras-chave: Educação básica. Acesso e permanência. “Guerra econômica” na Venezuela.Elementary education in Venezuela post-Chavez era: access and stay in the context of the so-called “economic war” (2014-2018)ABSTRACTChávez’s death, in 2013, impacted on the continuity and maintenance of the Bolivarian society project.  Since then, a new political-economic context was predicted, in which the current president Nicolás Maduro has been facing strategic attacks from the US imperialism. In the face of this scenario, this article, which is a bibliographic and documentary one, intends to observe the impact and the developments of some actions of the so-called “economic war” in the access to elementary education in Venezuela. In order to that, in the first section, we are going to briefly focus on the legal and historical trajectory of the implementation and the advance of the Bolivarian education system, with emphasis on the national program called Misiones Educativas Bolivarianas, which rose the rates of the access to education during Chávez’s presidency. Next, we are going to approach, succinctly, the Venezuelan context in the post-Chávez era, with the objective of understanding how the qualitative and quantitative aspects, referring to the access and stay in elementary education, were impacted as of the North American entry and interference in the Venezuelan economic and social-political structure. Besides Nicolás Maduro’s presidency searched for confrontation measures to the North American attacks to mitigate the consequences of the economic sanctions, the elementary education already presents signs that has been affected, vertiginously, in a short period of time.Keywords: Elementary education. Access and stay. “Economic war” in Venezuela.Educación básica en Venezuela después-Chavéz: acceso y permanencia en el contexto de la llamada "guerra económica" (2014-2018)RESUMENLa muerte de Chávez, en 2013, impactó la continuidad y el mantenimiento del proyecto corporativo bolivariano. Desde entonces, se ha anunciado un nuevo contexto político-económico, en el que el actual presidente Nicolás Maduro, ha estado enfrentando ataques estratégicos del imperialismo estadounidense. Por el escenario, este artículo, de naturaleza bibliográfica y documental, pretende observar el impacto y los desarrollos de algunas acciones de la llamada "guerra económica" en el acceso a la educación básica en Venezuela. Con esto propósito, en la primera sección, se presenta brevemente la trayectoria histórica y legal de la implementación y el avance del sistema educativo bolivariano, con un enfoque en el programa nacional llamado Misiones Educativas Bolivarianas, que tuvo apalancados los índices de acceso de la educación durante los gobiernos de Chávez. En seguida, se abordará brevemente la situación venezolana en el período posterior a Chávez, con objetivo de comprender cómo los aspectos cualitativos y cuantitativos, relacionados con el acceso y la permanencia en la educación básica, se vieron afectados por la penetración e interferencia norteamericana en la estructura político-social y económica venezolana. A pesar de que el gobierno de Nicolás Maduro buscó medidas para combatir los ataques norteamericanos para ablandar las consecuencias del embargo económico, la educación básica ya muestra signos de que ha sido afectada, dramáticamente, en un corto período de tiempo.Palabras clave: Educación básica. Acceso y permanencia. "Guerra económica" en Venezuela.

Integrated Marketing Communications in Contexts of Eco Tours in Porto (Portugal): Challenges (Post) Covid-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Bruno Barbosa Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Marketing Communications ◽  
Integrated Marketing Communications ◽  
Integrated Marketing ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
The North ◽  
The Face

In the face of an increasingly competitive and global market, where communication channels are massified and where information sharing between consumers occurs in such a fast and uncontrolled way, brands need to reinvent their communication plans, with the aim of focus on the emotional side of the consumer. Thus, in this context, the integrated communication mix emerges as a competitive strategy to meet the needs of consumers. Therefore, the main objective of this chapter is to understand the role of the Integrated Marketing Communications in the context of an organization linked to ecological tours. This chapter presents contributions to the area of marketing and communication (integrated), tourism (ecological) and a response to the pandemic and post-pandemic scenario (i.e., covid-19), at the level of response strategies in the context of a pandemic in 2020 (through digital communication channels). A qualitative methodology was adopted, using semi-structured interviews with organizational managers in the context of ecological tours in Portugal (i.e., Ekoeasy case study). Ecotourism as a concept is neither easy to define, nor to implement. Ecotourism is a complex concept as it involves specialised niche markets that can share a lot of characteristics, preferences and motivations or vary for the same reasons. Future studies should allow to complement the present investigation, through empirical study and quantitative nature (i.e., questionnaires to tourist consumers in the North of Portugal).

scholarly journals Impact of the Boko Haram Insurgency on the Child's Right to Education in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisosa Jennifer Isokpan ◽  
Ebenezer Durojaye
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
The North ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Face ◽  
Nigerian Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North Eastern Part

This paper is focused on the impact of the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria on the child’s right to education. The impact of armed conflict on the child’s right to education is discussed in the coIntext of the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria. The article concludes by assessing how the Nigerian government, in line with its obligations under international law, has lived up to its obligations to ensure the realization of the child’s right to education in the face of the insurgency in the North-eastern part of the country. Concrete recommendations are made to the Nigerian government with regard to addressing the impact of the insurgency on the rights of the child.

Chile’s 2010 M8.8 Earthquake and Tsunami: Initial Observations on Resilience

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Franco ◽  
◽  
William Siembieda ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
The North ◽  
The Face ◽  
Civil Disorder ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

On February 27, 2010, an earthquake of momentmagnitude 8.8 struck the central Pacific coast of Chile, triggering a tsunami and causing severe shaking along nearly 600 km of coastline from Viña del Mar in the north to Concepción and beyond in the south. This disaster tested the country’s government disaster management capacity as well as its built environment. Despite the large amount of energy released in this event and the large area affected, the actual impacts were limited in terms of severity and in terms of geographic dispersion and loss of life. A set of observations on the impact, mitigation, and response that were obtained during a disaster reconnaissance survey organized by the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) and extended from March 12-22 are presented. Using the concept of disaster resiliency these observations attempt to tie to past and current efforts within the government and within the local communities to explore the question: how resilient was Chile in the face of this disaster? Suggestions for further research on coastal land use planning, permanent housing replacement schemes, and the roots of civil disorder are made.

scholarly journals The impact of service quality and service characteristics on customer satisfaction in the North Macedonian banking sector

Bankarstvo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-48
Author(s):  
Maja Naumovska-Saveska ◽  
Ana Tomovska-Misoska ◽  
Krum Efremov ◽  
Ilijana Petrovska
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Service Characteristics ◽  
The North ◽  
Quality Dimensions ◽  
Service Quality Dimensions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Investigation Process

The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of service quality on customer satisfaction in the North Macedonian banking sector. The study aims to show that customer satisfaction is based on the role and impact of service quality. We try to find out which service quality dimensions may enhance customer satisfaction in a better way in Bank Y. We examined a range of theories and concepts related to customer satisfaction, service, service quality, loyalty, SERVQUAL model and financial services. Within the investigation process, we have collected data out of 68 completely and correctly filled questionnaires. The results confirmed that there is a connection between service quality and customer satisfaction. We have found out that there are significant dimensions where banks should make improvements in order to achieve positive impressions and experience of its clients. Following, we gave a proposed strategy and instructions for action as a finalization part of this research.

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